通过对'奇迹''豆果''小苹果'和'阿尔波萨纳'等4个品种进行间隔定植,5年生大苗和3年生小苗间隔定植,采用株行距1.5 mX4 m进行矮化密植,测定了各品种油橄榄(Olea europaea L.)的生长情况、果实性状、果实果肉率、鲜果含水率、干果含油率等,调查了其成活率、挂果率及产量.结果表明,在苗木定植后,各品种油橄榄苗木生长良好,5年生的'奇迹''豆果'和'小苹果'大苗当年开花结果,3年生'豆果'和'阿尔波萨纳'当年零星挂果,'奇迹'未结果.4个油橄榄品种果实的纵横径、果形指数和单果质量存在显著差异.果实的果肉率由高到低依次为'小苹果'＞'豆果'＞'阿尔波萨纳'＞'奇迹',鲜果含水率由高至低为'小苹果'＞'豆果'＞'阿尔波萨纳'＞'奇迹',干果含油率由高到低依次为'豆果'＞'奇迹'＞'阿尔波萨纳'＞'小苹果'.

将从陇南核桃青皮中提取的色素提取液对其进行紫外-可见光光谱分析,探讨该色素提取液对温度变化、pH值变化及染色前后的稳定性.将核桃青皮色素溶液用于羊毛的直接染色,以pH值、染色时间、染色温度、染液质量浓度为因素,分析各因素对羊毛染色效果的影响.在单因素实验基础上,设计4因素3水平正交试验,考察各因素对羊毛染色效果的综合影响.研究结果表明:核桃青皮色素提取液对温度(≤90℃)及pH值(3.0～7.0)变化相对稳定,染色前后色素提取液在部分波长范围内有变化;在各因素中,起主要作用的影响因素是染色温度,其他因素影响强弱为:染液质量浓度＞pH值＞染色时间;核桃青皮色素提取液对羊毛直接染色的优化工艺为:染液pH值4.0,时间2.0h,温度90℃,染液质量浓度44g/L.

For the purpose of deep understanding of fruit phenotypic trait and partial physicochemical properties of oil of walnut variety of Qingxiang and further determining its optimum picking period,Qingxiang walnuts were studied,being planted in the walnut planting demonstration base of the Longnan economic forestry institute of Gansu province.The fruits morphological characteristics including quality and three diameters of fresh green fruits and fresh nuts after peeling,the main physical and chemical indicators including oil content,oil yield,acid value,saponification value,peroxide value and the dynamic changes of the fatty acid composition of walnut oil of Qingxiang walnuts picked on different dates were measured and analyzed.The results showed that these different measured morphological characteristics had similar change trends from increase to decrease along with picking period;the oil content of walnut kernels gradually increased with the picking date,and the oil content was higher and more stable than other varieties;the content of linoleic acid in walnut oil is much higher than that of other components,and the contents of linoleic acid,palmitic acid and linolenic acid were increased with the time of picking.The content of oleic acid and stearic acid changed less.Dynamic change values of acidic value,peroxide value,and saponification value kept lower during the whole picking period,and these values were all lower than specified value in GB/22327-2008 of Walnut Oil.The analysis results above suggested that the optimum picking period for Qingxiang walnuts in Longnan was from August 30 to September 13 in the latter half of the picking period,when the walnuts had the best oil quality.

选用乙醇溶液作为提取试剂,在单因素试验基础上,采用正交试验确定核桃青皮色素提取最佳工艺参数.研究表明,以乙醇溶液为提取试剂,在乙醇体积分数为30％,提取温度为70℃,提取时间为75 min,料液比为1∶14时,色素得率为44.52％.

陇南市是甘肃省核桃主产区,也是我国核桃重点产区之一,核桃广泛分布在半高山、浅山丘陵、沟谷边缘及四旁,垂直分布在海拔600～2000 m范围.

Based on survey and analysis of current situation and graft technology of improved varieties of Juglans regia in Longnan,production of Juglans regia should choose improved varieties of Juglans regia.And different graft technologies were summarized,effects of stock size,management after grafting and grafting time on survival rate of Juglans regia were analyzed,which provided reference for production of improved varieties and grafting of Juglans regia.

根据多年从事核桃高接换优工作的经验和核桃高接换优试验研究的结果,及在陇南市进行推广的情况调查,对影响核桃嫁接成活的因素进行调查分析,对影响核桃高接换优的因素进行了分类,并对核桃高接死亡原因进行了研究,提出了接后管理工作在核桃高接换优中的重要性,为进一步提高核桃高接换优的成活率和加强技术培训提供依据。

In order to develop pistachio industry,some fine varieties of scions from domestic and overseas were introduced,and a top grafting experiment was carried on.A set of practical techniques of pistachio top grafting were summarized taken Pistacia chinensis Bunge as stock.After top grafting by the set of techniques,survival rate reached over 85%,new shoots grew vigorously,and it had blossomed and fruited in the third year.

<正>阿月浑子商品名称"开心果",为漆树科黄连木属落叶小乔木,是世界珍贵的干果和木本油料树种,果实有很高的经济价值,畅销世界各地。我国仅新疆喀什有少量栽培,其他地区尚无规模栽培。

阿月浑子耐旱性强,适宜在干旱或半干旱地区栽培.我国主要栽培推广良种有早熟阿月浑子、长果阿月浑子和柯曼.阿月浑子采用本砧、黄连木和清香木做砧木,栽培时雌雄株比例为8～24:1,多采用主干疏层形或自然开心形整枝,实生树7～8年开始结果,嫁接树可提前到3～4年.核果表面皱缩,由暗绿色转为深红褐色时采收.