采用认知网络分析法,探讨经过案例教学干预后体育教学领域硕士的认知网络差异,同时与无案例教学组、体育教师组的认知网络进行对比.研究发现:(1)案例教学使体育教学领域硕士的认知网络发生显著性变化,这种变化是从"认识论"层面转向"技能、知识、身份"3个层面相联动的认知提升.(2)案例教学使体育教学领域硕士像教师一样去思考,且都形成了以"理解学生"为中心的认知网络.(3)虽然案例教学能使体育教学领域硕士像教师一样去思考,但他们之间还存在学科教学知识使用上的差异.由于体育教学领域硕士缺乏实际教学经验,并没有形成以"体育学科教学目标为前提、学生为中心、学习评价为落脚点"的基本认知共识.今后将案例教学作为我国体育硕士培养中的重要环节,但要注意与联合培养基地之间的互动,注重在"实践"类型方面的案例教学创新.

采用专家访谈法、特尔菲法和层次分析法等研究方法,构建京津冀学校体育现代化建设评价指标体系,旨在为京津冀体育协同发展和学校体育现代化建设提供参考和依据.主要观点如下:(1)京津冀学校体育现代化建设评价指标体系构建的原则包括区域协同发展原则、可持续化原则、以人为本原则、多元化原则、动态与静态相结合原则;(2)评价指标体系由学生体质健康促进、学校体育理念现代化、体育课程建设现代化、体育教师专业发展现代化和体育场馆设施建设5个一级指标、13个二级指标和35个三级指标构成;(3)本研究构建的评价指标体系具有一定的科学性和有效性.既可用于评价京津冀学校体育现代化建设的整体情况,也可用于评价不同地区、不同学校或不同方面的建设情况.

采用文献资料法、比较分析法等,以文化自觉为视角,探讨韩国滑雪运动文化自觉的实践经验及对我国滑雪运动文化培育的启示.我国滑雪运动文化自觉的现实问题主要表现在滑雪运动文化发展的历史实践不能满足时代需求、文化主体面临多元体育文化冲击、文化价值阐释尚待探索.韩国滑雪运动文化自觉的实践经验离不开历史自觉、主体自觉与价值自觉的联合推动,对我国的启示:以滑雪运动文化培育为基础前提,以滑雪运动文化规范为重要保障,以滑雪运动文化讲述为价值载体,以滑雪运动文化创新为路径选择.

目的:针对超重肥胖老年人进行循环训练运动干预设计,探讨循环训练对超重肥胖老年人下肢肌力及平衡能力的影响.方法:以34名老年女性为受试者,分为超重组和对照组,均坚持12周循环训练干预,比较干预前后两组受试者双侧下肢膝踝屈伸等速肌力、静动态平衡能力、计时"起立-行走"时间和Berg平衡量表得分情况.结果:运动干预12周后,两组下肢膝踝屈伸肌标准化峰值力矩、屈伸肌肌力比值和双侧肌力比值、静态与动态平衡能力、Berg平衡量表得分及计时"起立-行走"时间均有显著提高;且超重组的右膝伸肌标准化峰值力矩的提高程度明显高于对照组.结论:循环训练可以显著提高老年人的下肢肌力和平衡能力,且对提高超重肥胖老年人下肢伸肌肌力有更明显的改善效果,是预防老年人跌倒的有效运动方法.

运用文献资料法、文本分析法等,以政策网络理论为视角,对我国体育竞赛表演业治理进行研究.发现:政策治理主体的多元与权力下放、政策治理工具的创新与充满弹性、政策治理结构的网络化与快速响应、政策治理行动的地域特征突显是我国体育竞赛表演业政策治理变迁特征.我国体育竞赛表演业政策治理面临着三方面的挑战:政策议题复杂化导致治理价值多样,政策制定主体圈层化导致治理效率低下,政策执行非专业化导致治理机制不健全.建议:确立政府主导的体育竞赛表演业政策治理格局;引入政策网络治理机制,提升体育竞赛表演业政策执行效率;构建互联网政策议题体系,优化体育竞赛表演业政策治理结构.

运用引文分析软件(Cite SpaceV)对2006-2015年中国知网(CNKI) 15种体育类核心期刊收录的期刊论文进行可视化分析,研究结果表明:(1)研究成果多出自高校,其中华东师范大学、华中师范大学和南京师范大学发文总量排名前三位,且研究方向非常集中,形成多位教授为核心的研究团队;(2)主题词竞技体育、体育教育和学校体育是学者们重点关注的研究领域,其中2006-2010年位列前五位的主题词与2006-2015年相比重复率在60％,2011-2015年前五位的主题词与总体相比较重复率接近80％;(3)随着国家体育战略的转变,民族传统体育领域和群众体育研究方向呈现阶梯式增长,体育管理领域和体育产业研究方向出现井喷式发展态势,与我国“全民健身”和“健康中国”战略深入推进密不可分.

站在"两个一百年"奋斗目标的历史交汇点上,恰逢体教融合、健康中国、体育强国、援藏稳疆、扶贫攻坚等一系列国家和地方层面重大规划的深入推进,关注并做好赴藏教育扶贫、体育帮扶工作的变得十分必要.采用行动研究法对昌都市江达县14所小学的体育课程、教师培训、课余体育活动、项目竞赛组织等展开两轮行动研究,结果表明:实现援藏"精准扶贫"的愿景目标需要一种"援藏教育扶贫,学校体育帮扶"共同愿景的实施路径、两种形式的体育锻炼活动型社区;三个稳定的援藏"教育扶贫,体育帮扶"制度政策和四个"服务"建设的行动方案.

Taking the policy life cycle as the starting point, the historical development stage, periodic feature of policy change and developing trend in the future of policy of sports competitive performance industry in China since the reform and opening-up are analyzed. The research shows that the policy life cycle includes three stages of germination stage, initial effect stage and full-effect stage; consistency between policy life cycle and national development strategy, continuity of core theme of policy life cycle, periodicity of policy life cycle span are main characteristics; in the future, the developing trends are the scientificity of policy formulation, the periodicity of policy action and the timeliness of policy inheritance.

In this study,using literature,mathematical statistics,comparative analysis and other research methods,we analyzed the number of foreign aid,the functional position,the starting situation and playing time,scoring the number and percentage of other related data in 2015 season,compared with the home-grown player,researched the home-grown players` eco-safe.The study found:1.in 2015 season,all team of Super League introduced foreign aid,the largest number were strikers,the introduction of foreign aid in respective lines were the backbone of the functional position,most of the first team players were using the full capacity of four foreign aid,each team had three foreign aid in average as a starting players participate in the competition at the round times.2.The home-grown players were midfielders and defenders who had more playing time,and a relatively small forward.3.Goal number of foreign aid were on an absolute advantage,Foreign aid goals ratio exceeds 50 percent had 26 rounds;from the scoring charts and foreign aid and the total number of goals scored comparisons,play an important role of aiding on the offensive in the Super League;in the number and timing of appearance,foreign aids were significantly higher than the local players,total Goals accounted for 61%;Only two home-grown players in the top twenty number of goals.

The present study was into alliance mechanism of coordinated development for traditional sports schools in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei according to the synergetics and the mechanism design theory, on the basis of dynamic, informative and innovative principles.The purposes were to promote the coordinated and sustainable development for traditional sports in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.The main findings were summarized as following: (1) Those involved included the Committee of Coordinated Development, Coordinated Development Execution Group, and traditional sports schools;(2) The Alliance Mechanism promoted, limited and guaranteed each other;(3) The incentive policies measures, restrictive policies measures and guarantee policies measures, such as money reward, right restriction, P.E.teachers and sports fields and so on were important;(4)More sports events and summer camps were the effective means to promote the development of collaborative development.

采用问卷调查法对18名男性业余跑步爱好者在跑步时脚感知舒适度进行调查,并运用运动生物力学方法对18名跑步爱好者穿着不同硬度鞋底跑鞋的足部运动和足底压力、压强进行测试,旨在验证不同硬度材料跑鞋底对足部运动、足底压力及感知舒适度的影响.研究结果表明:随着鞋底硬度值的增加,足弓和前脚掌外侧部位的峰值压力和峰值压强逐渐增大;受试者穿着硬度稍软鞋底的跑鞋跑步时,脚后跟缓冲能力较好,表现出较好的感知舒适度,发现脚后跟的感知舒适度是影响感觉和神经肌肉系统调整跑步模式的一个重要因素;受试者穿着较硬鞋底的跑鞋测试时,脚部外翻角度较小,能在足弓外侧和前脚掌外侧产生较大压力及压强.

采用词频分析法、共词分析法和社会网络分析法,对我国体育硕士运动训练方向学位论文授予年度、培养单位、论文被引、高频关键词、关键词共词等展开研究.结果显示:(1)学位授予单位以专业体育院校、师范类院校为主,专业体育院校学位论文质量优于师范院校的论文;(2)运动训练方向学位论文选题以高校、现状、对策为核心词,田径、游泳、体操等基础大项的研究明显不足;(3)对运动项目的技战术分析、身体素质、体能训练等运动训练领域核心内容的关注度较低.建议从规范论文写作规程、加强论文选题与运动训练 结合、强化和完善论文过程管理三方面提高学位论文质量.

This paper used the methods of literature review and video analysis to analyze the building-up characteristics of Chinese elite parallel bar athletes in the past six World Championships and London Olympics during 2009-2015,including movement arrangement structure,difficulty,num-ber of movements and advantage group features.Accordingly,three sets of parallel bars movement cases are composed.Study show that 1 )elite athletes usually take one bar or two bars on the big swing class movement as advantage group,and hanging supporting start movement is less used.2 ) For the difficulty choice,"D"difficulty movement is preferred,followed by"F"and"G"difficulty movement.3)The total number of movements are between the optimum value of 14 to 16,and the number has a positive relationship with "D".According to the athletes'ability,game goal,compos-ing movement difficulty value,three sets of parallel bars movements are composed for athletes of dif-ferent level,providing athletes and coaches with a case reference for the devising ideas and impro-ving the application of research.

运用元分析方法对符合研究需要的SCI和SSCI公开发表英文文献的研究结果进行统计分析,探讨分散练习和集中练习对运动技能学习的影响,及其对不同肌肉参与运动的技能类型和不同练习分布方式的影响,旨在丰富运动技能学习的相关理论,为练习分布在运动技能学习中的运用提供参考,进而提高学生运动技能学习的有效性.研究表明:(1)分散练习对运动技能学习产生的整体效果优于集中练习;(2)在运动技能掌握和保持阶段,分散练习对不同肌肉参与类型运动技能的掌握和保持均有较好效果;(3)不同练习的分布方式对运动技能的掌握均亦有较好效果,但是在保持阶段,练习间隔的学习效果优于单元间隔.

In order to probe into the basic features and problems , based on the data in the Social Science Fund Application Guides issued by National Social Science Planning Office in previous years(2009-2013), the author performed mathematical statistics a-nalysis on project types established, the amount distribution, project organization, the application guidance and comparative analy-sis of finished research projects in this field, and revealed the following findings: scientific planning of subject guide is the first step to achieve the dream of a sports power, and its scientific content should contain integrity, coherence and sustainability;the content of national social science fund insport science research should focus on the social body and historical background, focus on the sport strategic development goals, track follow-up study and strengthen in the intensity of application and deepen the research system;it is essential to take advantage of the municipal resource from Chinese academy of social sciences and national and provin-cial sports scientific research agency and broaden research institutions to carry out interdisciplinary research.

为客观评价第三套全国健美操大众锻炼标准二级规定动作的运动负荷,以保证其科学性和健身性,通过实验研究的方法,观察第三套全国健美操大众锻炼标准二级规定动作运动前后运动员部分生理指标的变化,然后确定符合监控健美操运动前后负荷的生理指标.实验对所有受试对象进行运动前后的HR、能量代谢、血压、RPE等指标测试,得出结论:运用生理指标能对健美操运动时的机能情况进行科学合理的监控.

团体操表演已经成为显示民族文化和科技实力的一种手段,是一个民族想象力、创造力的竞赛,是一个国家的国力、开化程度、文明程度的比较和体现.运用视频分析法,从我国团体操的发展概况及各个阶段具有代表性运动会开幕式团体操的特点着手,在深入分析团体操表演特点的基础上,对其发展趋势进行分析,得出我国大型团体操的发展趋势,希望能有利于团体操创编工作的需要.

Depending on literature metrology, the paper uses national social science fund (2009-2013) of sports science project data as the research object to analyze the basic characteristics and the existing problems in the field from the project type, project number, project units and subordinate system and subject guide. The research suggests that (1) the scientific planning of subject guide is the first step in the specific work to realize the dream of sports power and the requirements of the scientific planning of project guide should be characterized with integrity, consistency and sus-tainability;(2) the research content should be closely linked to the social main body and the historical background. It should center around the strategic target of sports power, attach importance to and track the follow-up study of the project, intensity achievements inspection of application project so as to conduct further in-depth study;(3) we should take advantage of all kinds of resources form Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the National Sports Science Institute, etc, in order to broaden the research organizations and carry out interdisciplinary researches.

运用专家问卷和因子分析法,调查分析第25～30届奥运会我国参赛项目的运动表现与影响因素,旨在探讨我国奥运会参赛项目竞技实力的特征和提升我国竞技体育实力的对策,为新奥运周期运动项目的布局与对策制定提供参考.结果表明:(1)我国奥运会参赛项目运动成绩呈现上升性、运动项目布局呈现拓展性和男女竞技实力发展呈现均衡性的特征;(2)新奥运周期我国奥运参赛项目布局上应重点发展乒乓球、跳水、羽毛球、竞技体操、举重、游泳和射击项目等优势项目;(3)教练员和运动员的文化素养、科技与资金、后备人才与训练因素是制约我国竞技体育项目整体发展水平的主要因素;(4)提升我国竞技体育水平的对策主要包括,坚持发展与完善整体方针,建立优势项目学校;拓展项目布局,挖掘、培育浅优势项目;整合体育资源,协调发展竞技体育与群众体育.