This article aimed to identify the content of interactions about female sports journalists on social media. Using a qualitative, descriptive-exploratory approach, the study analyzed the public's social response to posts by female sports journalists during the broadcasts of the first round of the 2025 FIFA Club World Cup. After collecting 55 posts that resulted in 6,015 comments, the comments were analyzed and categorized into five categories created to systematize the content of the messages, using the Nvivo software (Version 11.4.3). The analysis of the absolute percentage of posts revealed that 96.5% originated from institutional profiles, while only 3.5% came from personal profiles. In addition to the quantitative predominance, distinctions were identified regarding the discursive nature of the content: in institutional profiles, negative posts prevailed (30%), whereas in personal profiles, a predominance of positive comments was observed (51%). Overall, the highest incidence of comments occurred on institutional profiles, where the content was predominantly negative/hostile, which is related to the "online disinhibition effect." The study concluded that the content of the messages carried symbolic violence against women, demonstrating that even when occupying spaces previously denied to them, women have not yet achieved equality within sports journalism. This study, therefore, helps build debates about the participation of women in sports journalism and football.
This study investigates how fitness is communicated, experienced, and sustained among Muslim women in Malaysia, focusing on the perspectives of decolonizing Muslim women’s physical culture. Drawing on postcolonial scholarship, the research challenges the dominance of Western-centric fitness paradigms by examining how culturally responsive communication strategies address sociocultural constraints while reframing women’s participation in structured exercise as both a health practice and a decolonial intervention. A qualitative design was employed, using semi-structured interviews with five female coaches, each with over ten years of experience working with middle-aged Muslim women. Interviews, conducted between January and March 2025, were transcribed, translated, and analysed thematically with trustworthiness ensured through reflexivity, audit trails, and thick description. Findings revealed three central themes: motivational factors influencing participation, communication strategies supporting the decolonization of Muslim women’s physical culture and suggested grounded approaches for sustaining contemporary fitness practices. The results underscore the importance of culturally embedded fitness spaces that foster safety, inclusivity, and empowerment, while promoting long-term health, psychosocial well-being, and active aging among Muslim women. These strategies are understood as decolonial interventions insofar as they resist homogenizing fitness ideals and instead foreground embodied practices rooted in local sociocultural contexts. By situating women’s exercise experiences within their lived realities in Malaysia, the study demonstrates that community-based, culturally sensitive communication can both enhance immediate health benefits and contribute to longer-term trajectories of active and healthy aging.
Advanced nations put a lot of effort into implementing different models, ideas, and instructional practices that help athletes reach greater heights in their chosen sports. They use contemporary methods to improve their physical and motor capacities, which helps them acquire skills for a variety of situations. The importance of research resides in testing and applying the strategies of the Schmach educational model as a legitimate scientific undertaking. The primary focus of the research is the uneven acquisition of fundamental football abilities among first-year students at Wasit University's College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The goal of the project is to create an educational program based on the Schmach model that will assess students' cognitive information processing and their acquisition of fundamental football abilities. It also aims to comprehend how the Schmach model-based instructional program affects students' cognitive information processing and their acquisition of fundamental football abilities. The findings show that the Schmach model-aligned educational program significantly and successfully improved pupils' ability to comprehend information. It is mentioned how the Schmach model-based instructional program improves two important abilities for which research has been done: ball control and scoring. The Schmach model must be incorporated into curricula for students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, according to recommendations.
Researchers have shown considerable interest in the idea of organizational climate because of its crucial role in school administration and all school operations. Hence, enhancing it is regarded as a primary duty of school principals, as they bear direct accountability for overseeing the school and its entire operations. Total quality management is a primary method that allows the school administrator to effectively handle administrative tasks with the goal of meeting the needs of instructors, students, staff members, and the community. The significance of the research rests in its attempt to shed light on the value of both organizational climate and total quality management among high school principals. The research seeks to determine the various aspects of the prevailing organizational climate in high schools, including organizational structure, leadership, employee engagement, communication, nature of work, technology, human resources, and job autonomy. The objective is to determine the many aspects of total quality management (including education and quality values, enhancement of the educational process, developing evaluations and incentives, school leadership, and decision-making) among high school principals. Moreover, the research aims to understand the correlation between the various aspects of the organizational climate and its overall level, as well as the different aspects of total quality management and its overall level, among high school principals in Baghdad. This will be examined from the viewpoint of teachers. The researchers utilized a descriptive methodology to study a sample of (1080) secondary school teachers in six educational directorates within the Baghdad province throughout the academic year 2023-2024. Two scales were employed: one to assess organizational climate and the other to evaluate total quality management. The data was analyzed utilizing IBM SPSS Statistics Ver26 software, leading to a series of results and recommendations.
The project of inquiry employed a narrative approach to examine the relationship between the inadequate jumping abilities of female college those studying mathematics and their lack of durability for quicker acceleration. Thirty female students, ages 14–16, with an average training duration of 5.77 years, made up the sample. The Sargent has test, the leap of height test, and the status broad vertical jump were used to measure explosive power. Four dance jumps—the cat leap, scissor jump, side kick, and large jump—were used to evaluate the students' performance, and their cumulative jump score was calculated. Descriptive stats the Shapiro-Wilk test to confirm normality, and the Pearson correlation coefficient, which to evaluate how it relates between variables were used to examine the data. Increased electrical production a capacity always corresponds to better performance on every single scrutinized skills, according to the results, which showed strong and considered statistically significant beneficial association (p < 0.01) between gauges for powerful force and individual's measurement of even total jumping athletic achievement scores. The findings indicate that lower-extremities explosive strength is a crucial wounding determinant particularly predictive measure of jump athletic performance in rhythmic gymnastics, warranting its systematic development in training regimens to enhance technical execution. Leg strength tests showed strong positive links to both solely and total peak performances (p < 0.01). These results indicate that elevated lower-limb strength during flight is significantly associated with enhanced functional training and in general jump execution during rhythmic gymnastics in the research indicates that leg strength with power is crucial for jump speed and must be incorporated into rhythmic exercise training regimens.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of static stretching and full dynamic stretching exercises using elastic resistance bands on the development of motor balance and dynamic flexibility in youth basketball players. The research sample consisted of (12) youth players from Al-Adhamiya Sports Club basketball team, who participated in a training program utilizing elastic resistance bands alongside their regular training for a duration of (8) weeks, with (3) training sessions per week. To measure the study variables, the Modified Bass Test of Dynamic Balance was used to assess motor balance, and a dynamic flexibility test was employed to evaluate movement flexibility. The results revealed statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests of the experimental group in both motor balance and dynamic flexibility, in favor of the post-test, indicating the effectiveness of the training program using elastic resistance bands in improving these physical abilities. The researcher attributes this improvement to the nature of elastic resistance exercises, which provide progressive resistance throughout the full range of motion, thereby enhancing neuromuscular balance and increasing joint range of motion. Furthermore, the findings showed that training opposing body segments contributed to improving muscular balance and reducing asymmetry between the two sides of the body, while static stretching exercises enhanced muscular stability and neuromuscular control, and full dynamic stretching exercises contributed to increasing functional range of motion associated with basketball skill performance.
Basketball is one of the sports that requires high mastery of motor skills, the use of electronic devices can stand for a qualitative leap in the methods of teaching its basic skills. Therefore, the importance of the research was to study the effect of exercises using an electronic device designed specifically to teach the performance of the skill of shooting from constancy. The research focuses on exploring the effectiveness of these devices in improving skill acquisition and increasing performance accuracy among physical education and sports science students, in line with modern developments in educational curricula. The two researchers used the experimental approach in the study, as it is the optimal option, The research community included the students of the first stage of the evening study at the College of physical education and sports sciences at the Mustansiriyah University for the academic year (2024-2025), numbering (46) students with a percentage of (48.93)% from the community of origin, who belong to two classes (A,B). The results showed that both the control and experimental groups had significant improvements in arithmetic mean between pre-test and post-test. The control group had a mean difference of 1.2, while the experimental group had a mean difference of 2.6. The T-values for both groups were higher than the computed T-values, showing statistical significance. The study found that an innovative electronic device improved shooting skills in basketball by 2.6 points in the experimental group, compared to 1.2 points in the control group. Real-time feedback accelerated the learning process, supporting the use of technology in sports training, especially for complex motor skills.
The relationship between strategic intelligence and the performance evaluation of school principals specializing in physical education from the perspective of administrative supervisors in Baghdad Governorate. Today, educational leadership is one of the most prominent pillars of the success of educational institutions, due to its effective role in achieving educational goals and raising the efficiency of administrative and educational performance. Among these skills, "strategic intelligence" stands out as a modern concept that combines logical thinking, the ability to predict the future, and working within a clear vision and effective partnership. This research aims to identify the relationship between strategic intelligence and the performance evaluation of school principals specializing in physical education from the perspective of administrative supervisors in Baghdad Governorate, and to determine the level of performance evaluation among school principals specializing in physical education from the perspective of administrative supervisors. To reveal the nature of the relationship between strategic intelligence and performance evaluation, and to determine which dimensions of strategic intelligence are most closely related to performance evaluation. The researchers adopted the descriptive correlational approach because it was suitable for the nature of the research. The sample included (120) male and female managers who specialize in physical education, in addition to a number of administrative supervisors who evaluated their performance. For the academic year (2024-2025), the number of which is (90) supervisors from the administrators, and the reasons for the researchers’ study were that they represent the problem community in this research themselves, and they are an available sample characterized by ease of communication and achieve the required purposes. The methodological procedures for the research included, from them I chose (67) supervisors at a rate of (83.75%) by the random method for the main application sample, and I also chose (3) supervisors from them at a rate of (3.75%) by the random method for the exploratory experiment sample, and I also chose (10) supervisors from them at a rate of (12.5%) by the random method for the application sample. The data were collected by two approved scales, the first to measure strategic intelligence in its dimensions (organized thinking, foresight and strategic vision, partnership and motivation) and the administrative performance evaluation form prepared by the Ministry of Education and approved for work. Is it the evaluation of department directors? After statistical processing using Pearson correlation coefficients and significance tests, the results showed a statistically significant positive correlation between strategic intelligence and performance evaluation, indicating that a high level of strategic intelligence among managers contributes to improving their performance level from the perspective of administrative supervisors. In light of the findings, the study recommended enhancing school principals' strategic intelligence skills through regular training and development programs, and focusing on the future perspective and strategic vision in administrative decision-making, given the direct impact this has on improving institutional performance in schools.
This study sought to examine whether the combination of mental and skill training enhanced performance stability under competitive pressure in u-18 basketball players. The experimental research was conducted pretesting and post testing with a two-equivalent groups design. The sample for the current study was comprised of 12 subjects, who were randomly divided into two groups of six. Integrated mental and skill training A combined nine-weeks of mental and skills training program (3 times per week) was given to experimental group, however normal training programmed were allotted to the control one. The basketball-specific skill tests and a competitive golf anxiety scale were administered to obtain the data that was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings identified variables with significant differences in terms of the experimental group performance, such as an increase on shooting accuracy and dribbling speed and passing accuracy and composite skill performance increased for the experimental group, while competitive pressure significantly decreased when compared to control. Results suggest that the methodical inclusion of mental and skill training is an effective way to improve athletic performance and increase skill performance consistency under competition pressure in young basketball players. Therefore, the study suggests introducing organized mental programs within daily training loads of these sports clubs and basketball academies.
This research objective’s to study the transfer of learning between some basic defensive skills in handball among third-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The researcher implemented an experimental design with two groups (control and experimental), where the sample comprised of (40) students randomly assigned to (20) groups. An educational program was implemented over (8) weeks, with one training unit per week. The defensive block in one direction and various defensive movements were tested before and after the experiment. The results showed the superiority of the experimental group, which applied targeted training, in achieving positive transfer of learning between the two defensive skills. This demonstrates the prospective for leveraging skill integration to accelerate the learning process. The research recommends adopting educational strategies based on the principle of transfer of learning in teaching and instructing defensive skills in handball, and employing them to develop students' performance more effectively
The aim of the research was to construct an attentional control scale in football for fifth-grade secondary school students, design skill exercises using Fitlight technology, employ them in practical physical education football lessons, and identify the effect of these exercises on attentional control and the performance of corner kick and penalty kick skills. The researcher hypothesized that there would be statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-test results of both the experimental and control groups in attentional control and in the performance of the corner kick and penalty kick skills in football, as well as statistically significant differences between the post-test results of the experimental and control groups in the same variables. The experimental method was adopted using a design with two groups (experimental and control). The research population consisted of fifth-grade secondary school students in the morning study at Al-Jawahiri Secondary School during the academic year (2024–2025), totaling 180 students, all intentionally selected using the comprehensive enumeration method (100%) from this population. The sample was distributed as follows: 10 students for the pilot experiment, 110 students for constructing the attentional control scale in football, and the remaining 60 students were selected as the main experimental sample representing the experimental and control groups. The researcher developed a new specialized attentional control scale in football for this category of students by following several field procedures and statistical analyses. Skill exercises using Fitlight technology were designed and applied to the experimental group for eight weeks at a rate of one lesson per week. After completing the experiment, the research results were analyzed using the SPSS statistical system. The conclusions indicated that the attentional control scale in football is suitable for fifth-grade secondary school students and possesses acceptable scientific foundations and coefficients. The use of skill exercises with Fitlight technology within football teaching in practical physical education lessons was found to be appropriate for fifth-grade secondary students and helped improve attentional control as well as the performance of corner kick and penalty kick skills in football among the students who practiced them compared with their peers who studied without them. The study also recommended adopting cognitive measurement in physical education lessons, particularly measuring each student’s level of attentional control to support the improvement of football skill performance, avoiding excessive intensity or levels of lighting when using Fitlight technology, and emphasizing practice and repetition in the practical application of skill exercises when designing motor programs for football skill performance.
The importance of the research lies in involving the process of developing core stability of the trunk muscles, as it treats the athlete's body as a single unit, specifically targeting the trunk muscles in basketball players. Therefore, the researchers wanted to explore this experiment. The research problem focused on the observation made by the researchers and their monitoring of most matches in the Iraqi Premier League, as well as their work as supervisors at the Al-Najaf Youth Forum and their observation of some local tournaments and league matches. They noticed that most coaches, whether national team coaches or club coaches, rely on a comprehensive training regimen for body muscles without paying attention to the deep trunk muscles (core stability) during their training application on the players, which leads to incomplete muscle strength in players, especially in the trunk area, and since it has a significant impact on mastering defensive skills. The research aimed to prepare exercises to develop core stability to strengthen the trunk muscles and some defensive skills for players under 16 years old in basketball, and to identify the effect of these exercises in developing core stability to strengthen the trunk muscles and some defensive skills for players under 16 years old in basketball. The researchers chose the experimental method using the two groups of experimental and control as it suited the research problem. As for the research samples, they were represented by basketball players at the National Center for Talent Care in Najaf Al-Ashraf, numbering (26) players, all of whom were selected for the experiment. The most important conclusion drawn by the researchers is that the development of flexibility, trunk strength, balance, and coordination positively reflected on the development of defensive movement and defensive follow-up performance. The main recommendations were the importance of using specific and targeted training to achieve defined objectives in developing basic stability according to standardized scientific principles to raise the training level of basketball players across various categories.
The study aimed to design neuromuscular control exercises for the rehabilitation of men aged (50–55) years with temporary hemiplegia and to identify the effect of these exercises on restoring general strength and overall body balance in stroke sequelae. The researcher hypothesized that there would be statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-test results of the experimental and control groups in general strength and overall body balance, as well as statistically significant differences in the post-test results between the two groups in favor of the experimental group. The experimental method was adopted using a two-group design (experimental and control) on a sample of (11) patients intentionally selected through a comprehensive sampling method (100%) from men aged (50–55) years with temporary hemiplegia who attended the physiotherapy department at Baghdad Teaching Hospital. After determining the research tests and preparing the rehabilitation exercises, the program was implemented for (8) weeks, comprising (40) daily rehabilitation sessions, excluding Fridays and Saturdays, for the experimental group. After completing the experiment and statistically analyzing the data using SPSS, the results indicated that neuromuscular control exercises are appropriate for rehabilitation sessions for men aged (50–55) years with temporary hemiplegia. Their application contributed to restoring general strength and improving overall body balance associated with stroke sequelae. The researcher recommended considering patients’ capabilities and injury severity when designing neuromuscular control exercises, as well as promoting continuous collaboration between academic specialists in sports rehabilitation and physiotherapists to accelerate recovery from stroke-related impairments in this population.
This study was about how heat shock proteins, HSP70 and HSP90 change in the body after a really tough workout and over the next hour in top weightlifters. Heat shock proteins like HSP70 and HSP90 help us figure out how the body deals with stress from exercise. We worked with 12 weightlifters from Amanat Baghdad Sports Club. They did a resistance workout that included the snatch and clean & jerk exercises at 85–90% of their maximum lift. We took blood from these weightlifters at four times: before they started the workout right after they finished 30 minutes later and 60 minutes later. We used a test called ELISA to check the levels of HSP70 and HSP90 in their blood. The results showed that the levels of HSP70 went up a lot right after the weightlifters finished exercising and stayed high for a while. Heat shock proteins like HSP70 were still high in their blood, after some time. They went from 1.92 ± 0.38 ng/mL before exercise to 2.64 ± 0.45 ng/mL after and peaked at 30 minutes (2.98 ± 0.50 ng/mL) before going down a bit at 60 minutes. HSP90 levels did something. They went up from 2.73 ± 0.47 ng/mL before exercise to 3.35 ± 0.52 ng/mL after peaked at 30 minutes (3.68 ± 0.56 ng/mL) and then went down a bit. These findings tell us that a single tough workout makes heat shock proteins, like heat shock proteins go up fast in weightlifters. This increase in heat shock proteins happens after you do your exercise and it peaks within thirty minutes. Then it goes down over the next sixty minutes. This shows that your body is turning on things to help with stress from exercise like the stress from a workout. The results also suggest that HSP70 and HSP90 could be things to look at to track how stress your body is, under and to manage your workout loads in people who do strength training like strength athletes who do strength training.
The study aimed to prepare exercises for men's 400-meter freestyle runners and to identify the mechanical variables of the thrust index, and the achievement of the research sample, and to identify the effect of weightlifting exercises on the thrust index and the achievement of the men's (400m) freestyle runner between the test (pre-post-test) of the research sample. The researcher hypothesized that statistically significant differences would exist between the pre- and post-tests in favor of the post-test for both the kinematic variable (propulsive index) and performance achievement in the research group. The research population consisted of track and field athletes specializing in the 400-meter event in Maysan Governorate during the 2023 sports season, totaling five (5) runners who competed in championships organized by the Iraqi Athletics Federation. The researcher recommended the use of weighted training exercises due to their effective role in developing muscular strength and subsequently improving athletic performance. The study also recommended utilizing the findings and generalizing them to speed runners, particularly those specializing in the 200-meter event, across all age categories. The researcher concluded that the designed training program using weighted exercises had a significant positive effect on both the propulsive index and performance achievement.
The study aimed to identify the effect of elastic resistance band training on developing lower- and upper-limb muscular power and reactive agility among under-18 basketball players. The experimental method was used with a pre- and post-test design for two equivalent groups (experimental and control). Twelve Al-Defaa Al-Jawiy volleyball players were randomly assigned into two groups of six individuals. The experimental group underwent an 8-week training program using elastic resistance bands, with a frequency of three times per week, independent of the traditional intervention applied to the control group. Strength of the lower-limb musculature was assessed by vertical jumping, strength of the upper-limb musculature by medicine ball throwing and reactive agility using visual reaction time testing. The post-test results showed statistically significant differences that favored the experimental group in all research variables and exhibited a tendency of muscular power and reactive agility improvements when compared with the control group. It was founding that elastic resistance band training can be an effective and safe way to develop these physical abilities associated with skill performance in youth basketball due to its generation of the progressive resistance, which contributes to the neuromuscular benefits and movement efficiency.
Study aimed to verification the effectiveness of a complete educational model based on visual modeling and video self-observation, guided feedback, and an externally focused attention on learning and retaining basic gymnastics skills among young gymnasts compared with the traditional method. study employed quasi-experimental design with two groups (experimental and control). The sample contained 40 young gymnasts aged 8–10 years from a sports academy in Riyadh, randomly divided into two equivalent groups (20 players each). The educational program was applied within eight weeks, with two training sessions in a week, each part 90 minutes, according to a protocol that included warm-up, video presentation, part-to-whole guided practical training, self-observation video analysis, followed by reapplied and playing. Performance evaluated in five basic skills (forward roll, backward roll, handstand, front balance, and cartwheel) using a trusted skill performance rating form. three measurements stages used: pre-test, post-test, and a retention test four weeks later. Data analyzed by using t-tests, repeated-measures ANOVA, and effect size indicators (Cohen’s d, partial η²). results confirm equivalence between the two groups at the pre-test stage and statistically significant superiority of the experimental group in both the post-test and retention test, with very large effect sizes. experimental group showed big improvement between the pre- and post-tests and maintained nearly the same performance level in the retention test, the control group showed only limited improvement and partial skill loss. study concludes that the complete educational model based on video self-observation and guided feedback is more effective than the traditional method in accelerating the acquisition of basic gymnastics skills, improving performance quality, and enhancing short-term learning retention among young gymnasts. the study recommends using this model in gymnastics teaching programs and sport science curricula.
Enhancing the functional efficiency of vital components (hemoglobin) to cope with the substantial accumulation of lactate, and improving the efficiency of muscle fibers during high-intensity exertion and pronounced intramuscular lactate buildup—along with increasing these fibers’ capacity to generate the required energy through lactate removal and breakdown during high-intensity training—constitutes a key factor in developing performance endurance. Among the most effective exercises that create these conditions are lactate-resistance training methods. The first aims to elevate lactate to maximal levels without excessive accumulation within muscle fibers, while the second seeks to raise intensity with increased accumulation in order to improve blood hemoglobin concentration and enhance performance endurance, which is strongly associated with the muscles’ tolerance to lactate levels and accumulation. The research problem lies in the reduced ability to maintain speed during the advanced stages of matches and the weak linkage between high physical effort and the accurate and effective execution of complex offensive skills, which may be attributed to insufficient physiological adaptations resulting from the training methods used. The study aimed to identify the effect of lactate-resistance training on hemoglobin concentration, performance endurance, and certain offensive skills among under-21 football players. The research hypothesis posited that lactate-resistance training would have a significant effect on hemoglobin concentration, performance endurance, and selected offensive skills in under-21 football players.ةThe researchers adopted the experimental approach due to its suitability for addressing the nature of the proposed problem. The research sample consisted of under-21 players from Karbala Football Club. The researchers concluded that the scientifically planned and systematically implemented training program applied to the study sample contributed positively to the development of the study variables.
This study aims to analyze ball possession loss (Turnovers) and its relationship with the total shooting attempts in different play situations for the teams that qualified for the semifinals of the professional Iraqi Basketball Premier League for the (2023-2024) season. Data were collected from the matches played by the four qualified teams: Al-Naft, Al-Karkh, Al-Shorta, and Al-Difaa Al-Jawi. The study examined the relationship between ball possession loss and total shooting attempts (considering each shot attempts as a possession, control, and offensive play), including two-point attempts, three-point attempts, and free throws resulting from minor personal fouls and compound fouls. The results revealed a negative correlation between ball possession loss and two-point shooting attempts, whereas a positive correlation was observed between ball possession loss and three-point shooting attempts. Furthermore, it was found that teams with fewer turnovers achieved higher shooting accuracy from inside the arc and lower shooting accuracy from beyond the arc. Based on these findings, the study recommends developing fundamental ball-handling skills (passing, dribbling, and fit timing), enhancing offensive tactical diversity and strategy, and reducing defensive errors to increase opportunities for executing free throws.
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a training program based on the kinetic chain concept and the angular kinetic energy index in improving the biomechanical variables of the tennis serve among young players in Iraq. The research adopted a quasi-experimental approach using a one-group design with pre- and post-tests. The sample consisted of 12 young players (aged 16–20 years), intentionally selected from tennis clubs in Baghdad and Basra. Participants underwent a specialized training program for eight weeks, and biomechanical variables were measured using three-dimensional motion analysis devices and high-speed cameras before and after the program. The results revealed statistically significant differences (α ≤ 0.05) between the pre-test and post-test measurements. A substantial improvement was observed in the mean serve speed (from 95 km/h to 117 km/h) and serve accuracy (from 65% to 85%). The findings also indicated a significant enhancement in angular kinetic energy indices and motor coordination efficiency according to the kinetic chain model. The study demonstrated that specialized biomechanical training effectively enhances serve performance among young players. The study recommends that coaches and training academies adopt this training approach to improve performance and reduce injury risk, while emphasizing the need for further research on larger and more diverse samples.
