To evaluate the content of cembrenediol in various sun-cured cultivars, 11 sun-cured cultivars from 6 regions were analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that: (1) the order of cembrenediol content in different cultivars of sun-cured tobacco was: Pipaye>Yangmei>Heiyan>Cunsanpi>Mayanghong>Xiaoliuye>K326>Erhei>Maer>K16>Heilao>Gonghui, and the 11 cultivars were clustered into three groups based on cembrenediol content; (2) the order of cembrenediol content in different types of sun-cured tobacco was: light red sun-cured tobacco > red sun-cured tobacco > dark red sun-cured tobacco > yellow sun-cured tobacco; (3) Except Maer, cembrenediol content in middle leaves was higher than that in upper leaves; (4) Correlation analysis showed that there was a linear correlation betweenα-2,7,11-cembtratriene-4,6-diol andβ-2,7,11- cembtratriene-4,6-diol, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9576. The results from this study could be used in evaluating quality of different sun-cured tobacco cultivars.

Field experiments were conducted in Longgang base,Guiyang to study the effects of different planting depth well cellar-type transplanting on the early growth and development of tobacco. Results showed that 35 d after transplanting, the treatments of tobacco growing point from 6 cm of well cellar mouth had the best agronomic traits with the highest biomass and root vigor, the best root development and the biggest comprehensive effect coefficient. The tobacco growing point from 6cm of well cellar mouth was most appropriate for well cellar-type transplanting planting depth, beneficial to early growth,root growth and dry matter accumulation of tobacco.

在贵州省烟草科学研究院贵阳龙岗基地，开展井窖式移栽烟苗根系不同覆土程度对烟株前期生长发育影响的试验。结果表明，移栽后35 d，根系全覆土的烟株农艺性状表现最好，地上部生物量、根系活力相对最高，根系发育较好；根系覆土1／3的烟株根系发育相对最好，根系抗逆性最强。井窖式移栽的烟苗根系采取全覆土方式较为适宜，有利于烟株前期地上部生长和干物质的积累。

Three tobacco-loading patterns were tested in the bulk curing barn to study the effect of different tobacco-loading patterns on quality of organic tobacco.The results showed that the tobacco-loading patterns of the disperse leaves-sticking and leaves-loading with a clip could accelerate tobacco yellowing degree compared with the tobacco-loading with a rope pattern and the tobacco quality with deep color,sufficient oil content,lower nicotine content,lower protein content and better harmony of main chemical components under the disperse leaves-sticking pattern was the best,followed by the leaves-loading with a clip.

研究不同采收成熟度对贵州有机烟叶中性致香物质含量的影响.结果表明,在尚熟到完熟的成熟度等级中,中部有机烟叶的中性致香物质含量随成熟度的增加先大幅度下降再缓慢上升,在尚熟时达到最大值;上部有机烟叶的中性致香物质含量随成熟度的增加先缓慢上升再缓慢下降,在成熟时达到最大值.中部有机烟叶的新植二烯、类胡萝卜素类降解产物、棕色化反应产物和类西柏烷类降解产物类致香物质含量的变化趋势与中部有机烟叶中性致香物质含量变化一致;上部有机烟叶的新植二烯、棕色化反应产物和类西柏烷类降解产物类致香物质含量的变化趋势与上部有机烟叶中性致香物质含量变化一致.中部有机烟叶在尚熟时采收,上部叶在成熟时采收香气物质总量最大.

Climatic tendency and accumulative anomaly percentage of temperature and precipitation were calculated by using the climate data from March to September(1961-2011) from climate station in Zunyi county,and response of the climate productivity to temperature and precipitation changes during the growth period of flue-cured tobacco was calculated by using the Thornth Waite Memorial model,so that the best transplanting time could be identified.The results showed that the temperature in middle September was generally lower than the best temperature for the growth of flue-cured tobacco,which was not favorable for the accumulation of dry matters and nutrient components during the maturation stage.The temperature from June to August and monthly precipitation were favorable to the growth of flue-cured tobacco.The precipitation increased from July to August but did not well distribute.Although the earliest day for flue-cured tobacco transplanting was April 10,the analysis of climate productivity showed that April 20 would be better than April 10.Therefore,we propose that the best starting date for tobacco transplanting in Zunyi county should April 20,but no later than May first.

Samples were collected from 9 main production regions of flue-cured tobacco in Guizhou province,the intrinsic chemical composition of tobacco leaves was determined;and correlation analysis and regression analysis between intrinsic chemical composition and sensory evaluation index were conducted.Correlation analysis showed that total sugar,reducing sugar and the content difference between the two kinds of sugar were very significantly positively correlated with aroma quality,irritant,taste,fine flexibility of smoke,inflammability and ash color,significantly positively correlated with total smoking score.Protein was very significantly negatively correlated with aroma quality,mixed gas,irritant,taste,aftertaste,fine flexibility of smoke,inflammability and ash color,significantly negatively correlated with total smoking score.Nicotine was very significantly negatively correlated with aroma quality,irritant,taste,aftertaste,fine flexibility of smoke,inflammability and ash color,significantly negatively correlated with total smoking score.Total nitrogen was very significantly negatively correlated with aroma quality,mixed gas,irritant,taste,aftertaste,fine flexibility of smoke,inflammability and ash color,significantly negatively correlated with total smoking score.Potassium and chlorine had certain effect on aroma quality,the effects of potassium was positive while of chlorine was negative.The ratio of potassium to chloride was very significantly positively correlated with aroma quality,fine flexibility of smoke,inflammability and ash color.Regression analysis showed that the content difference between the two kinds of sugar and sugar alkali ratio had great positive impact on most of the sensory indicators;while protein,nicotine,total nitrogen and chloride had negative effects.

对不同肥力基质下烟草云烟87分别进行不同的营养调控,调查分析烟草农艺性状、经济性状以及化学性状。结果表明:(1)高肥力土壤、高量有机肥能够略微延长烟草的营养生长期并推迟烟叶的成熟时间;(2)同等肥力下高量有机肥能够促进烟草的生长发育,显著提升烟草农艺性状,等量有机肥条件下土壤肥力越高烟草农艺性状表现越好;(3)中等及低等土壤肥力下,烟草经济性状随着有机肥用量的升高而显著升高;(4)中等及低等肥力下,多施有机肥有助于提升烟叶化学成分的协调性,而高肥力下,有机肥施用过多则对烟叶化学成分协调性不利。

The physical properties of 1 704 flue-cured tobacco samples were analyzed within two grades(C3L,C3F) from nine main tobacco producing areas which named Zunyi,Bijie,Liupanshui,Southwest Guizhou,Tongren,Southern Guizhou,Southeast Guizhou,Guiyang,and Anshun.All physical properties were compared with flue-cured tobacco from Brazil and Zimbabwe.The results showed that the flue-cured tobacco from Southwest Guizhou had higher correlation with imported tobaccos,it had better comprehensive characters,and the results were in coincidence with the results of principle component analysis and cluster analysis.The stem content of flue-cured tobaccos from Southwest Guizhou and Liupanshui were harmonious,and the leaf openness of flue-cured tobaccos from Liupanshui,Souothwest Guizhou,Anshun,and Southeast Guizhou were close to imported tobaccos.The leaf openness and single leaf weight of flue-cured tobacco from other Guizhou main producing areas were lower,and the stem content was higher,which needed to be improved.

A continuous 6-year field experiment was carried out to study the yield,chemical components,Bacterial Wilt Disease,output value of flue-cured tobacco and soil nutrients in representative yellow soil in south of Guizhou province.Three cropping systems were adopted: single tobacco cropping,tobacco and sweet potato intercropping and tobacco and peanut intercropping.Regarding to the intercropping systems,a new cultivation was established,which was intercropping in one year and changing the cropping area(rotation) next year.The results show that tobacco yield and output are significant increased by about 11.3% and 20.4% under the two intercropping systems from 2004 to 2009,respectively,and as well as the low disease rate of bacterial wilt disease that have decreased by about 11.0% compared to the single tobacco cropping system and the coordinated tobacco chemical constitutions in the two intercropping systems.As to soil nutrients,after 6 years cultivation,there are no significant differences in soil pH,organic matter and total nutrients(N,P and K) under the cropping systems.However,interesting to note is that the proportions of soil available nutrients under single tobacco cropping system are higher than those in the intercropping systems,which reflects unbalanced absorptions of soil nutrients.Yet,it is obvious that the intercropping systems could make good use of soil nutrients and keep a reasonable proportion of soil available nutrients that could meet the vast need of available N of tobacco at the earlier stage,but also prevent from assimilation of redundant nutrients later.Therefore,the intercropping systems with sweet potato(or peanut)could do great effort to decrease the harm of continuous cropping obstacles and will be popularized in south of Guizhou province.

In order to investigate the relationship between quality of flue-cured tobacco and soil texture,170 tobacco leaf samples and 170 soil samples of four types of soil texture were studied.The results showed the majority of tobacco planting soils in Guizhou province had texture of middle and moderately clay.Tobacco leaves planted on sandy loam was with characteristic of high sugar,low nicotine,high ratio of sugar to nicotine and high ratio of all nitrogen to nicotine.Tobacco leaves planted on silty clay was with characteristic of low sugar,high nicotine,low ratio of sugar to nicotine and low ratio of all nitrogen to nicotine.Because of suitable soil fertility and about 7% volume of gravelly in soil texture of high clay,the sensory evaluation score of tobacco leaf planted on heavy soil was better than those planted on light soil.

In order to screen out the appropriate flue-cured tobacco varieties in Guiyang Longgang base of Guangdong Tobacco Company,the agronomic characters,economic characters,appearance quality and inner quality of Nanjiang No.3,Guiyan 201,Yunyan 87 and K326 were evaluated through plot comparison tests.The results showed that self-bred varieties Nanjiang No.3 and Guiyan 201 had better expression of agronomic characters and appearance quality,and they possessed higher yield and production value.Guiyan 201 and Yunyan 87 had better harmony in chemical compositions,and Yunyan 87 had the best smoking quality.

1087 soil samples from 16 kinds of mother rocks and 1440 tobacco samples were analyzed to study the relationship between tobacco quality and mother rocks.The results showed that there was obvious difference in soil physical and chemical properties between different mother rocks and in quality of tobacco leaves.The organic matter and nitrogen content,and fertilizer conservation capacity of the soil developed from sand rock and sandy rock is lower.The available K content in the soil developed from basalt is higher.The chlorine content in the soil developed from tuff is lower.The exchangeable calcium and magnesium content in the soil developed from slate is poor.The CEC content in the soil developed from purple rock with calcium and basalt is high.The leaves of tobacco plants planted in the soils developed from basalt,tuff and purple rock with calcium has the characteristics of high sugar and lower nicotine content.The leaves of tobacco plants planted in the soil developed from slate has the characteristics of high K content and higher sugar/nicotine ratio.The leaves of tobacco plants planted in the soil developed from dolomitic limestone has the characteristics of high nicotine and lower sugar content.The sensory quality score of tobacco plants planted in the soil developed from slate is the highest,followed by the soils developed from tuff,purple rock with calcium,shale,basalt,sand rock and sandy rock.

Tobacco seedlings were inoculated with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)at the sowing stage and grown in the culture boxes floating on the nutrient solutions to investigate the possibility of producing mycorrhizal and healthy seedlings.AMF used in the present experiment were Glomus intraradices Smith and Schenck(BEG193)and Glomuse etunicatum Becker and Gerdemann(BEG168).The results show that the colonization rate of BEG193 is significantly higher than that of BEG168,and both of them are increased as the concentrations of nutrients in solution are decreased.The growth of tobacco seedlings is also increased significantly by the fungal inoculation,but is inhibited generally in solution with low nutrient concentrations.The average biomasses are increased by 74.38%(BEG168)and 48.32%(BEG193),respectively,compared to the control(without inoculation).The phosphorus concentration in the seedlings are increased with BEG193 inoculated,and the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium are increased with BEG168 inoculated.It is necessary to point out that the biomass and contents of phosphorus and potassium in BEG168-infected seedlings grown in nutrient solution with 75% of nutrients removed plus small amount of dressing are similar to or higher than those of the non-mycorrhizal ones cultured in the normal nutrient solution.Healthy tobacco seedlings could thus be produced by BEG168 inoculation grown in nutrient culture solution with less fertilization,by which could reduce greatly the amount of fertilizer for seedlings culture and alleviate environmental pollution produced by nutrient solution abandoned.Moreover,under the inoculation of AM the activities of phosphase are increased in the culture medium,and are enhanced as the amount of nutrient supplies is deceased.Therefore,the inoculation of AM could promote the utilization of organic phosphorus in the culture medium and resulted in the increment of phosphorus concentration in tobacco seedlings.

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different combination formulae of nitrate-N and ammonium -N on the agronomic and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco and its chemical composition and smoking assessment. The results showed that based on equal N rate, increasing the proportion of nitrate-N in the N applied improved the yield of tobacco and its output value by 2. 5%-8. 5% and 1. 5%-20. 5% , respectively. The two treatments of with the NO3- - N : NH2-N ratio being 75:25 and 50:50 gave best results in the respects of average price of the tobacco leaves, commercial grade, carbohydrate and K2O contents and sugar/nicotine ratio. They decreased the contents of non-reduced sugar and nitrogen-containing compounds. Smoking assessment showed no consistent correlation between the variation in aroma and comprehensive score of the tobacco leaves and the proportion of NO3- - N in the fertilizer formula. The correlation between the activities of acid invertase and nitrate reductase and the proportion of NO3- - N in the fertilizer formula was non-significant.

在贵州省福泉市中等肥力的黄壤上通过田间试验,研究不同比例的铵态氮(NH+)和硝态氮(NO-3)对烟叶硝酸还原酶和酸性转化酶的影响.结果表明:在贵州省的土壤气候条件下提高氮肥中铵态氮比例可促进采收前碳代谢酶的活性,从而促进碳水化合物代谢,在移栽48d以后,烟叶中硝酸还原酶活性迅速下降,而酸性转化酶活性有所上升.

The effects of the different formula of nitrate-nitrogen and ammonium-nitrogen on flue-cured tobacco characters were studied in agronomy,economy,chemical composition and smoking assessment. Those results showed that,based on the same pure nitrogen application,the yields and product values were lifted up in 2.5%～8.6% and 1.5%～20.5% respectively, after increasing the ratio of nitrate-nitrogen to 50% and 75% in formula the average price, commercial grade, and the contents of carbohydrates, potassium oxide, and sugar/nicotine rate, all being raised and the contents of non-reduced sugar and nitrogen-contained compounds reduced at the same time. Smoking assessment has shown that there was no significant correlation in aroma and comprehensive scores with the changes of nitrate-nitrogen rate in formula.