随着农村人居环境整治工作的推进,我国农村污水治理水平持续提升,低成本就地资源化利用技术成为农村污水处理未来的发展方向.虽然人工湿地技术推广受到气候环境、土地资源等因素的限制,但因其建设成本低、建设形式灵活,符合农村污水就地消纳的指导方向,得以在农村地区迅速普及应用.沈阳市以北方人工湿地技术为核心,重点研发了中小规模农村污水低成本分级处理技术,形成了农村污水处理、设施运营全流程成套技术及系统性管理模式.在污水资源化利用背景下,庭院式污水处理设施具有资源化利用农村生活污水的潜力.

从污泥的产生源头开始加以控制,做到污泥的减量化、稳定化、无害化、资源化是污泥处理处置的发展趋势.减量化作为污泥处理处置的首要环节,不仅决定污泥处理处置的环境效益,还直接影响污水处理厂整体运行成本.本文根据沈阳市农村地区现有的污水处理设施的工艺类型出发,从源头着手,提出了污泥减量化技术途径.

我国正在经历城镇化发展过程,形成了中小流域不同河段的自然形态和污染特征.文章以白塔堡河为研究对象,通过梳理重点污染源及污染物分布特征,分析诊断农村段、城镇段和城市段河道所存在的问题.结果认为,退耕封育和物理隔离可有效控制农业面源和畜禽养殖污染,是农村河段短期内实现生态保护目标的重要方式.城镇河段的治理重点在于消除住宅小区的生活污水直排现象,严格控制非法排污口可明显河道水质.城市河段必须确保污水厂正常运行并尽量实现雨污分流,同时应强化生态修复以丰富生物多样性并构建优美的水景观.

以典型人工湿地植物芦苇,作为研究对象,通过直接碳化、KO H活化和CO2活化等方式制备高吸附性能的芦苇基生物炭材料,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、BET比表面积、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)等表征方法分析了生物炭材料的表面、孔隙等物理化学特征 .活化后的生物炭内部结构疏松、多孔,KO H活化碳材料的BET比表面积最高达965·31 m2·g -1(650-K) ,而CO2活化碳材料最高达到1 038·19 m2·g -1(900-C) ,与碳化材料相比,分别提高了231·05倍和248·56倍,活化效果非常显著 .利用制备的芦苇基生物炭吸附亚甲基蓝污染物(MB) ,650-K和900-C的吸附容量分别高达595·79和443·83 mg·g -1,相比于碳化的生物炭,分别提高了139·47和91·08倍,650-K对于MB的去除率高达99·29% ,吸附效果显著提高 .与传统的湿地植物废弃物处置方式相比,本研究中制备生物炭材料技术具有一定的经济效益、环境效益和良好的应用前景 .

Wastewater discharged from the agricultural and sideline products processing park caused water environmental pollution of Pu River basin and seriously influenced the sustainable development of the park. Use of the management means to fulfill the total pollutant emission reduction targets was the key to ensure the sustainable development of the park. Management system of the agricultural and sideline products processing park was mainly composed of administration, enterprise, comprehensive sewage treatment plant and social public and there were relations of marketing, supervision, regulation, etc. between the constituent elements. Therefore, the park couldn't leave the efficiency of the constituent elements to achieve the goals of its water pollution control system.

本文分析了农村生活污水处理设施长效运行所存在问题,依据现行的主要评价模式,构造评价体系结构及判断矩阵,应用层次分析法将定性分析和定量分析相结合,计算层次单排序权重和层次总排序权重,得出各因素对农村生活污水处理设施长效运行的影响程度,为今后科学合理的对农村污水处理设施长效运行管理提供依据.

采用砂滤、活性炭吸附和反渗透组合工艺深度处理乳制品加工废水.深度处理后出水指标CODcr、TP和硬度分别达到10、1 mg以下和20 mg/L以下,经反渗透组合工艺深度处理后的乳制品加工废水可以达到锅炉补水,冷却循环水等水质要求.

以某企业生产车间液氨储罐为例,分析生产过程中液氨泄漏污染事故源及源强,通过大气扩散模式进行计算。计算结果表明液氨泄漏事故发生时的下风向轻度、中度及重度影响范围,并针对具体的影响范围提出了相应的应急处置部署。

Because the deterioration of water quality which lead to the cyanobacteria problems in Dingxiang Lake,it took the artificial floating island to improve the water quality.The control plant(Eichhornia crassipes)and Canna indica were planted in the artificial floating island,and the concentrations of TN、TP were kept lower effectively,the removal rate of TN was 48.1%～52.1%,the removal rate of TP was 55.0%～64.4%,even showed good landscape in the lake.

Aiming at the serious pollution of the tributary in Hunhe River city section,pre-treatment and combined constructed wetland system was adopted to improve the tributary water quality,and the demonstration project was constructed.The effect of water purification was stable during the operation period and resulted in good ecological benefits.

In this paper,it describes the character of the sewage drains from livestock and poultry farm,and puts forward its treatment countermeasures.It also describes some merits of wastewater eco-treatment in different constructed wetland system,and analyzes the feasibility of constructed wetland on the resource utilization for livestock and poultry farm wastewater.

本文分析了规模化养猪场的环境污染情况,提出了规模化养猪场的污染防治途径.