试验以东农46和L-100杂交构建的包含127个家系F2:10、F2:11、F2:12代重组自交系群体为试验材料,结合三年五点以及4个浸种时间段,调查大豆硬实率和种子吸水量两个表型性状,采用QTL IciMapping 4.1完备区间作图法,作QTL定位和加性效应分析.结果共检测到26个与大豆硬实性相关QTLs,分布于10条染色体,贡献率5.29％～47.31％,有8个位点在两个性状QTL定位中发生标记区间重叠,分别为qHS-2-1和qWAS-2-1、qHS-2-2和qWAS-2-2、qHS-4-2和qWAS-4-1、qHS-13-1和qWAS-13-3,其中,qHS-2-2和qWAS-2-2贡献率平均值最大,>25％.共检测到51对加性×加性上位互作QTL,贡献率为1.01％～8.40％.

文章选用东农46和L-100杂交构建的F2:10、F2:11代大豆重组自交系群体127个家系为作图群体,通过全基因组重测序技术,开发bin标记,构建高密度遗传连锁图谱,结合两年四点的大豆粒形性状和百粒重表型数据,利用IciMapping 4.0软件的完备区间作图法作加性QTLs和QTLs间上位性互作检测.结果表明,经粒形性状和百粒重主效QTLs检测,获得81个与大豆粒长、粒宽、粒厚、粒体积和百粒重相关QTLs,分布于18条染色体,贡献率1.66％～30.70％,其中贡献率最高位点分别为qSL-4-2(23.85％)、qSW-1-1(15.40％)、qST-1-2(17.66％)、qSV-15-1(30.70％)和q100-SW-19-1(15.43％);经相关性状加性×加性上位性互作检测,获得43对大豆粒形性状和百粒重加性×加性上位互作效应QTLs,贡献率1.41％～23.19％.

研究通过分子生物学方法证明TaDREB3a基因已整合至大豆基因组中,对T1～T3连续3代大豆植株作筛选鉴定并分析遗传稳定性,初步评价室内和田间抗旱表现.通过除草剂筛选获得T1代135株抗性植株,经PCR检测其中96株扩增出基因目的条带,获得15个阳性TaDREB3a过表达大豆T1代株系;T2代转基因大豆株系经PEG模拟干旱处理和PCR鉴定获得阳性TaDREB3a过表达大豆T2代株系共10个;T3代转基因大豆株系经PCR鉴定、半定量PCR鉴定、Bar基因试纸条检测、Southern blot分析、Western blot分析,获得6个转基因阳性株系,证实TaDREB3a基因已整合于大豆基因组,可转录完整目的mRNA,其中4个株系检测到目的蛋白表达.盆栽干旱试验显示,TaDREB3a过表达可改善转基因大豆干旱条件下生长状况,转基因植株株高和荚数明显优于对照组植株;大田干旱试验结果显示,TaDREB3a过表达株系提高大豆抗旱性、改善干旱条件下地上形态,减少产量损失.

有关转基因技术引发的各种流言充斥着网络,在人们思想中产生各种疑惑.针对常见的转基因流言进行科学的解答,为促进转基因技术在农业上应用起到推动作用.

甜叶菊(Stevia rebaudian)是富含甜菊苷类物质的多年生菊科草本植物,其叶片中含一类天然甜味剂——甜菊醇糖苷(steviol glycosides,SGs).在其合成的过程中,尿嘧啶二磷酸-糖基转移酶(UDP-glycosyl transferase,UGT)催化糖基从供体分子转移到受体分子上,参与糖苷转运代谢,达到提高甜叶菊甜度的目的.为了在甜叶菊中更为深入地研究尿嘧啶二磷酸-糖基转移酶的结构和理化性质,改良甜叶菊品质,以甜叶菊3个主要UGT基因UGT76G1(AY345974)、UGT85C2(AY345978)、UGT91D1(AY345980)为研究对象,对其蛋白质进行生物信息学预测分析和进化树的构建.结果表明,3个UGT蛋白质初级结构理化性质较为相似,均为亲水性蛋白,且结构中含较多的α螺旋和无规则卷曲,但三级结构具有一定的差异.进化树及多序列比对结果表明,甜叶菊3个UGT基因同源性不高,但与康乃馨等其他作物中UGT基因有一定的进化关系.研究为进一步探究甜叶菊UGT基因及蛋白质的功能奠定了基础.

GmABCG40 gene sequence was obtained by searching the homologous gene of AtABCG40 in the soybean genome database.Bioinformatics analysis of amino acid sequence encoded by GmABCG40 and promoter sequence showed that the fulllength CDS sequence of GmABCG40 was 4 284 bp,encoding a 1 427 amino acids protein.GmABCC40 was a hydrophobic protein,possessed multiple N-glycosylation sites,kinase phosphorylation sites,N-myristoylation sites,two ATP/AGP binding site motif A and one tachykinin family signal.Structure domains analysis indicated that GmABCG40 contained two nucleotide binding domains and two trans membrane domains,which constituted NBD1-TMD1-NBD2-TMD2 structure and belonging to the ABCG subfamily.Cis-elements associated with hormones,stresses,light responses,endosperm expression and transcription factors binding were existed in the predicted promoter region.Phylogenetic analysis results suggested that GmABCG40 had the highest genetic relationship with leguminous plants such as Phuseolus vulgaris,Vigna angularis,Cajanus cajan and Lotus japonicus.Results of tissue specific expression analysis revealed that expression level of GmABCG40 was lowest in leaves,however,highest in roots,it was speculated to participate in the ABA transport process in roots.

Free proline can accumulate to high levels under drought-stress in many plants,and it is widely acknowledged that the increase of proline content could promote the plant resistant to drought stress.The study in Arabidopsis thaliana found that △1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) catalyzed the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of proline and played an important role in the biosynthesis of proline.In this study,function and expression of P5CS1 homologous gene in soybean Glyma01g24530 was analyzed through bioinformatics and real-time quantitative PCR.We found that Glyma01g24530 had conservative N-acetylglutamate synthase,kinase-like domain and Aldehyde dehydrogenase domain structure.Phylogenetic tree showed that Glyma01g24530 had high similarity with P5CS1 family members in many plants.We also found that there were multiple cis-elements about abiotic stress responses,light responsiveness in its promoter sequence region through the statistics of promoter cis-elements.Expression pattern analysis showed Glyma01g24530 could be induced by drought and salt,it could express in many tissues.

In order to determine the photosynthetic capacity and requirement of mulberry for different nitrogen forms,one year old of mulberry seedlings as experimental materials,the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of mulberry leaves was studied under three nitrogen forms,in which nitrogen concentration was 7.5 mmol/L with nitrate nitrogen(NO-3-N),ammonium nitrogen(NH+4-N)and ammonium nitrate(NH4NO3).The results showed that the photochemical activity,electron transfer rate and light energy utilization of mulberry leaves in PSⅡ under NH+4-N were significantly lower than that of NH4NO3 and NO-3-N,while there was no significant differences between NH4NO3 and NO-3-N.The VJ and VI of mulberry leaves were significantly increased by NH+4-N treatment,that was,QA to QB electronic transmission rate of PSⅡ electronic receptor side were lower.while,the Sm and N were significantly higher than those of NH4NO3 and NO-3-N,which showed that the lower the electron transfer ability of PSⅡcould be related with capacity of receptor side of QB treated by NH+4-N.In addition,VK and VL of mulberry leaf under NH+4-N treatment was also lower than that of NO-3-N and NH4NO3,which suggested that the suppressed OEC activity and decreased thylakoid membrane structure stability were the important reasons for reducing photochemical activity in the leaves of PSⅡ reaction centers under the NH+4-N treatment.

通过PCR的方法从大豆抗菌核病品种Maple Arrow中克隆得到GmGLP10基因,生物信息学分析结果显示GmGLP10蛋白由213个氨基酸组成,具有一个糖基化位点和多个磷酸化位点,为胞外分泌蛋白.通过对GmGLP10基因起始密码子上游1 500 bp序列进行顺式作用元件分析,预测GmGLP10启动子上具有多个与激素和防御胁迫应答相关的顺式作用元件.进化树分析结果表明,GmGLP10与多个生长素结合蛋白进化距离较近,推断其可能具有相似的功能.GmGLP10基因在菌核病菌胁迫下的转录本丰度的变化结果表明在菌核胁迫处理后GmGLP10基因表达量上调明显.GmGLP10可能作为生长素结合蛋白参与调控大豆的生长发育与抗病防御应答反应.

大豆Glyma0 g2 4460基因,与拟南芥ECERIFERUMl (CERI)基因具有高度的同源性,是一种植物角质层蜡质基因,参与植物角质层蜡质的合成.本研究对其进行基因功能预测和表达分析,利用PlamCARE分析启动子元件发现在基因启动子序列中含有黄酮合成、激素响应、生物和非生物胁迫相关的元件.氨基酸序列比对发现Glyma03g24460与其他物种的脂肪醛脱羧酶基因家族成员有很高的相似度.Glyma03g24460在大豆的qRT-PCR结果表明,它主要在植物的地上器官表达,并且可以受到ABA及干旱等非生物胁迫的诱导表达.

本研究将大豆中调控光周期途径的关键基因GmGI转入Havana 425烟草中,以非转基因Havana425烟草为对照,对获得的转GmGI基因T3代烟草的4个株系的花期、产量以及其它农艺性状统计分析.结果表明,与非转基因烟草对照相比,除GI6株系外,其余3个株系株高与单株粒重提升明显,花期平均提前了31.5 d.上述结果表明:GmGI基因使植物的花期提前的同时提高了植物的产量,因而该基因对于改良植物的光敏感特性,打破品种种植的地域限制、选育高产的优良品种是一个重要的基因资源.

本研究利用PCR技术克隆了大豆GmGolS2基因的启动子序列.系统进化树分析表明,GmGolS2与沙冬青的Gols亲缘关系最近.利用PlantCARE分析启动子元件发现,在GmGolS2基因启动子序列中含有多个与逆境胁迫、激素等反应相关的元件.在The Bio-AnalyticResource for Plant Biology数据库中分析了GmGolS2的同源基因AtGolS2在不同逆境胁迫处理时的基因表达情况,结果表明该基因具有组织表达特异性,并参与盐胁迫、渗透胁迫及干旱胁迫等反应.RT-PCR结果表明GmGolS2基因受干旱诱导上调表达.

OBJECTIVE:To identify and characterize an acetonitrile degrading strain BX2, thus to assess its potentials in the treatment of acetonitrile containing wastewater. METHODS:By means of phenotype and physio-biochemical characterization as well as phylogenetic analysis, we identified strain BX2. The optimum culture conditions of the strain were studied with single factor test, and the degradation of acetonitrile under the optimal growth conditions was determined. Additionally, NaCl tolerance was investigated. RESULTS:The phenotype and physio-biochemical characteristics of strain BX2 were similar to those of Rhodococcus sp.. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA, gyrB and secA1 gene suggested strain BX2 was the closest relative of Rhodococcus rhodochrous with 99.37%, 99.29% and 97.87% sequence similarity respectively. The optimal conditions for cell growth were 35 degrees C, initial pH 7.5, and 1% inoculum. Under these conditions, the degradation rate of acetonitrile was 95.87% (800mg/L) within 16 h. Strain BX2 was able to grow in defined medium containing NaCl up to 6%. CONCLUSION:Strain BX2 was identified as Rhodococcus rhodochrous and named Rhodococcus rhodochrous BX2. It showed great environmental adaptation and high capability of degrading acetonitrile.

The antioxidation activity of some kinds of bean and their commercial germinated products were detected and compared.Soybean and mung bean were germinated at different temperature and time.The antioxidation activities of their germinated products were analyzed.Results: The antioxidation activity of aqueous soluble fraction of commercial bean products is higher than that of alcohol soluble fraction.The AOV values of germinated products are higher than those of beans.With development of germination,the antioxidation activities of germinated soybean,germinated mung bean,and germinated soymilk all increase;their AOV values increase more obviously on 25 ℃ germination condition.Antioxidation activity of germinated soymilk shows the similar trend with that of germinated soybean.