静脉药物调配机器人需要对数百种不同类型的药物进行调配,不同药物药瓶类型的识别、测量是精准调配的关键.对静脉药物调配机器人在药瓶类型分类、药瓶关键尺寸测量等不同任务要求情况下,运用基于机器视觉方法和深度学习框架YOLOv5s,实现了一种高效稳定的识别测量方法.结合机器视觉方法的测量准确性,深度学习方法对背景、光源的不敏感性,实现配药过程中不同环节药瓶的准确识别、测量.并通过实验定量地检测背景、环境光源对于识别结果的影响.

回顾性分析37例接受过4个月强化营养护理干预的顽固性低白蛋白血症腹膜透析患者的营养指标，结果显示在不额外增加营养补充剂的情况下，强化营养护理干预2个月后患者的蛋白和能量摄入量较基线值升高（均 P<0.05）；干预4个月时，患者的蛋白和能量摄入量较干预2个月时下降。强化营养护理干预前后患者的血清白蛋白、血清前白蛋白、转铁蛋白、体重指数和改良定量主观综合营养评分等指标的差异无统计学意义（均 P>0.05）。提示单纯强化营养护理对改善腹膜透析患者顽固性低白蛋白血症的疗效欠佳。

OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether Lithospermum erythrorhizon polysaccharide inhibit the proliferation of H22 hep-atoma solid tumor cells in mice through inducing autophagy. METHODS:40 KM mice were randomly divided into model group, cyclophosphamide group (30 mg/kg,ip,once for every 4 d),L. erythrorhizon polysaccharide low-dose and high-dose groups (100,300 mg/kg,ig,once a day),with 10 mice in each group. H22 hepatoma solid tumor model was induced of mice in each group by incubating H22 cell line. Treatment groups were given relevant medicine during modeling,and model group was given con-stant volume of normal saline intragastrically. After last medication,body weight,tumor weight coefficient,thymus and spleen in-dex were recorded and determined. The mRNA expression of autophagy related genes,such as Atg5 and Beclin1,were measured by using Real-time PCR. The protein expression of autophagic microtubule-associated protein 3A/B (LC3A/B) was detected by Western blot assay. RESULTS:L. erythrorhizon polysaccharide could significantly reduce tumor weight coefficient of H22 solid tu-mor,with tumor inhibitory rate of 34.7%;it also significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression of autophagy related genes Atg5 and Beclin1 and the protein expression of LC3A/B,with statistical significance compared to model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:L. erythrorhizon polysaccharide can inhibit the proliferation of H22 hepatoma solid tumor cells and slow down the growth of tumor through promoting hepatoma cell autophagy.

OBJECTIVE:To study the protective effects of Danshen injection on 5/6 nephrectomiy induced model rats with in-flammatory renal injury. METHODS:50 rats were equally randomized into a sham-operation (isometric distilled water) group,a model (isometric distilled water) group,a positive control [captopril 5 mg/(kg·d)] group and Danshen injection low-dose and high-dose [1.6,4.8 ml/(kg·d)] groups. Models were established by performing 5/6 nephrectomy on the rats in all groups except the sham-operation group. The rats were given drugs for 4 consecutive weeks from the 6th week. 24 h urine protein was determined for all rats every week. After the last administration,the contents of creatinine,urea nitrogen and interleukins 1β(IL-1β),IL-2 and IL-10 in rats’serum were determined. Pathological changes and infiltration of macrophages CD68 in rats’kidney tissues were ob-served. RESULTS:Compared to the sham-operation group,those in the model group had more 24 h urine protein and more obvi-ous renal pathologic changes during 1-4 weeks of administration,and higher contents of creatinine,urea nitrogen,IL-1β,IL-2 and IL-10 and CD68 positive expression in serum. Compared to the model group,during 2-4 weeks of administration,those in the posi-tive control group and Danshen injection low-dose and high-dose groups had less 24 h urine protein,milder renal pathologic chang-es,and lower contents of creatinine,urea nitrogen,IL-1β and CD68 positive expression in serum,and higher content of IL-10, and only the rats in the positive control group demonstrated lower IL-2 content. There of the above were statistical differences(P<0.01 or P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Danshen injection can alleviate renal pathologic changes and reduce inflammatory injury of the kidneys of 5/6 nephrectomiy induced model rats.

目的:减少静脉药物配置中心(PIVAS)药品破损.方法:成立PIVAS质量管理小组,应用品管圈方法,分析药品破损的原因,制定措施并实施,评价有形成果和无形成果.结果:制定的措施包括药品上架及摆放要整齐、适量,易破损药品应安全摆放并标示,药品拆包后尽量装盒并免压,放置于冰箱中药品要经3人校对,避免过多药品堆积在洁净工作台上,在处方上特殊用量用法的药品名称下画红线作警示等.取得的有形成果包括药品破损金额由实施前的每月1 413.1元降为实施后的541.82元,药品破损次数由每月14次降为7.6次;无形成果中药师团队对品管圈的方法运用、活动信心和责任荣誉等均有显著提高.结论:应用品管圈加强PIVAS各环节的质量控制,完善规章制度及流程,可优化静脉药物配制质量体系,有效提高经济效益和医疗服务水平.

目的 规范出院高血压患者用药,探索合理的干预管理模式.方法 建立药师递进式干预出院高血压患者管理模式并进行推广应用;选取南海区第五人民医院2010年3月至2011年1月的有效病历数316例,进行干预组、对照组出院高血压患者用药对疗效的对照研究.结果 临床药师递进式干预第一阶段干预组和常规组患者的收缩压和舒张压差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),第二,三阶段时,患者的收缩压和舒张压干预组明显低于常规组(P＜0.05);递进式干预对患者遵医行为比较中,除吸烟和饮酒,干预组明显优于常规组(P＜0.05).结论 药师递进式干预出院高血压患者实施细则及采取的干预管理模式切实可行,可有效提高高血压患者的疗效.

目的 比较重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素(简称去甲肾上腺素)在常规与避光输注时的稳定性.方法 选用临床上常用3种厂家生产的去甲肾上腺素,以去甲肾上腺素的pH值、含量为因变量,观察时点为时间因素,组别为自变量纳入重复测量方差分析模型,分别于0、2、4、6、8、12、24 h对避光组与不避光组的去甲肾上腺素的pH值、含量进行评估.结果 Mauchly球形假设检验(P＜0.01)发现,去甲肾上腺素的pH值、含量测定的7次重复测量数据间均存在高度相关性,有随着时间变化的趋势.避光组的pH值在12h内保持稳定,不避光组2h内保持稳定;避光组的含量在24 h内稳定,不避光组在24h时已不稳定.结论 去甲肾上腺素避光时较稳定,临床上需避光输注,合理选用输注工具,缩短每次配药后的输注时间.

Objective Through evaluating irrational medical advices of antitumor drugs checked by pharmacists in pharmacy intravenous admixture services(PIVAS),in order to provide a reference for optimal application of chemotherapeutic drugs.Methods According to the drug legal instruction,Chinese Pharmacopoeia and other related pharmaceutical information,the chemotherapy medical advices from November 2010 to February 2012 were classified,summarized and analyzed in PIVAS of Guangdong General Hospital.Results 362 groups of irrational medical advices were discovered.The main problems included unsuitable solvent volume(37.3%),unsuitable solvent selection(15.7%),unsuitable drug dosage,and others such as inappropriate drug specifica-tion selection,drug shortage and wrong operation.Conclusion The situation of irrational drug use exists in application of chemotherapy medication.Thereby,it is essential for pharmacists to check medical advices,establish rational drug use norms in PIVAS,and discuss the medication regimen with clinical staffs.

OBJECTIVE:To guarantee the safety of drug use and to provide reference for the appropriate use of cytotoxic drugs in the clinic.METHODS:The influencing factors of use of cytotoxic drugs were interpreted in terms of safety,efficacy and benefits by understanding package insert,consulting a lot of relevant literatures and referring to the experience of clinical pharmacists on cytotoxic drug dispensary.RESULTSCONCLUSION:The safety and effectiveness of chemotherapy can be guaranteed by monitoring dosage of drugs,solvent selection,administration time,sequential administration,adjunctive medication,pharmacoeconomics,etc.Rational use and distribution of drug resource can be achieved by reducing the cost of drugs.

OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for effective and safe application of anticancer drugs in the clinic. METHODS: Combined with the practice and experience in PIVAS for 5 years, the evaluation approach of anticancer drugs were analyzed and summarized comprehensively. RESULTS CONCLUSIONS: The anticancer drugs prescription was evaluated in respect of reasonable dosage, rational solvent, appropriate drug usage, special usage and the reasonability of drug combination, which guarantee the quality of anticancer drug and rational use of drug in the clinic.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy of Compound jianghuang decoction in preventing nonproliferate diabetic retinopathy(NPDR) from developing into proliferate diabetic retinopathy(PDR).METHODS:The clinical data of 123 patients(208 eyes) with NPDR receiving Compound jianghuang decoction(n = 64 cases,treatment group) or low dose of enteric - coated aspirin(n = 59,control group) in addition to hypoglycemic drugs administered in both groups to control blood sugar level were analyzed retrospectively.The clinical efficacy in the two groups was observed by fundus examination and fundus fluorescein angiography.RESULTS:The proportion of developing into PDR in the treatment group was significantly lower than in the control group.CONCLUSION:Compound jianghuang decoction is effective in suppressing retinal neovascularization and preventing NPDR from developing into PDR.

Objective To analyze the constitutes of essential oil form Nervilia fordii. Methods GC-MS was used to analyze the essential oil. The relative content of each component was determined by area normalization. Results Fifty-five kinds of constitutes were identified,accounting 97.1 %of total contents. The content of 2-Pentadecanone,6,10,14-trimethyl is the highest,being 13.55 %,which had also been found in the same family. Conclusion 2-Pentadecanone,6,10,14-trimethyl can be used for the identification of the same family.

目的:定量研究在静脉药物配置中心与普通病区冲配的6种中药注射剂复配液不溶性微粒数量的差异。方法:采用光阻法对空白输液及在不同环境下配置的复配液进行微粒检查。结果:在静脉药物配置中心内冲配的中药注射剂复配液微粒数较病区配置的明显减少。结论:配置环境是影响复配输液中微粒多少的重要因素。

目的:探讨茵陈蒿汤联合应用妈咪爱治疗母乳性黄疸的疗效.方法:通过随机抽样,将114例母乳性黄疸患儿分为三组,第一组为茵陈蒿汤联合妈咪爱组,第二组为单纯茵陈蒿汤组,第三组为停母乳喂养组.观察三组的胆红素日均下降的数值及降至正常的天数.结果:胆红素日均下降的数值及降至正常的天数为:茵陈蒿汤联合妈咪爱组50.20±20.4 μmol/L和3.8±1.8天;单纯茵陈蒿汤40.36±18.21 μmol/L和6.1±1.9天;停母乳喂养组48.10±11.32 μmol/L和4.2±1.2天.1组和2组比较,P＜0.01,说明茵陈蒿汤联合妈咪爱组与单纯使用茵陈蒿汤组疗效有显著性差异.1组和3组比较,P＞0.05,说明茵陈蒿汤联合妈咪爱组与停母乳喂养组疗效无显著差异.结论:茵陈蒿汤联合应用妈咪爱是治疗母乳性黄疸的有效方法之一.

Objective: To study the effects of sibutramine hydrochloride on obesity and cardiac function in alimentary obesity rats. Methods: Male wister rats were made to be the alimentary obesity model from a hyper-alimentary diet from weaning until 21 days of age for 8 weeks. Then, the rats were divided into two groups: the treatment group with sibutramine (10 mg/kg, orally) plus normal diet and control group with placebo plus normal diet for 6 weeks. Results: Sibutramine could not only markedly decreased the obesity rats weight and Lee's index and level of triglycericle in serum of the rats, but also decreased left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) , and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). The added maximum rates of systole and diastole pressure (dp/dtmax) were also detected in sibutramine group. Conclusion: Sibutramine hydrochloride has an anti-body obesity effect and improves cardiac function for the alimentary obesity rats.

目的:探讨微生态制剂妈咪爱对早期新生儿高胆红素血症的临床疗效.方法:通过随机抽样,将100例早期新生儿高胆红素血症的病人分为两组,每组50例,治疗组使用妈咪爱配以蓝光照射治疗,对照组以酶诱导剂及蓝光照射治疗.结果:治疗组胆红素日均下降值为(65.32±25.47)μmom/L,明显高于对照组(43.58±23.71)μmom/L(P<0.01).结论:妈咪爱用于治疗早期新生儿高胆红素血症,可迅速降低血胆红素水平,明显缩短治疗时间.

目的: 观察注射用头孢呋辛钠与常用四种输液配伍的稳定性。方法: 采用紫外分光光度法测定头孢呋辛钠的含量及其与常用输液配伍的稳定性。结果: 注射用头孢呋辛钠与注射用水、5%葡萄糖、0.9%氯化钠及5%葡萄糖氯化钠在室温下(25～30℃)配伍稳定,0～6 h内其外观、pH值及含量无明显变化。结论: 本实验提示此药物在弱酸条件下较为稳定,其实验结果可供临床配伍使用参考。

目的:考察头孢匹胺钠在25℃下与腹膜透析液配伍的稳定性.方法:将头孢匹胺钠加入腹膜透析液中,混合均匀后,在25℃下于0、1、2、4、6h用紫外分光光度法测定头孢匹胺钠的含量,同时记录外观变化及pH值.结果0～6h内混合液外观、pH值基本稳定,头孢匹胺钠的含量没有明显变化.