从品种布局、土壤耕作与施肥、气候、机械及土地流转5个方面人手,通过文献查阅、实地调查、委托调查、专家访谈、农户访谈、电话咨询等方式相结合,以吉林省为主要调查区域,并将其划分东、中、西部,对限制东北春玉米密植高产高效和机械化收获的关键因素进行详细分析.充分结合目前东北地区春玉米种植与收获过程中存在的种种问题,具体提出相应的解决对策,助推东北春玉米密植高产高效与全程机械化采收进程.

目的:探讨肿瘤外科病房采用双因素理论护理管理对护理满意度的影响;方法:选取2017年3月至2018年1月该院肿瘤外科病房的20名护理人员作为主要观察对象,采用双因素理论进行护理管理,对比干预前后的患者对护理人员的满意度及医生对护理人员的满意度、护理职业能力;结果:经过双因素理论模式干预后,医生对护理人员的满意度及患者对护理人员的满意度均显著高于干预前,(P<0.01);护理人员职业能力评分总分为(99.76±2.44)分显著高于干预前评分(87.56±3.81)分(P<0.05);结论:经过双因素理论护理管理,肿瘤外科病房的护理满意度得以提高,护理人员护理职业能力得以加强,值得临床推广.

目的:研究青年乳腺癌患者运用心理护理干预对患者生存质量的改善作用;方法:选择2016年3月至2017年1月就诊的青年乳腺癌手术患者68例作为主要观察对象,依据患者护理模式差异将患者分为观察组(34例)及对照组(34例),并对患者追踪随访1年,观察组采用心理护理干预,对照组采用常规护理,对比2组患者的术后生存质量及1年后患者的自尊变化情况;结果:观察组患者的术后生存质量评分各维度显著高于本组患者入院时及对照组同期(P<0.05);经统计,观察组患者的自尊量表评分各维度评分均高于入院时及对照组术后同期(P<0.05);结论:对于青年乳腺癌患者进行心理护理干预护理能够提高患者的生存质量及其自尊心理状态,对改善患者生活质量具有极大的帮助.

目的:观察结直肠癌切除术采用预见性护理对患者术后并发症的影响;方法:选择2016年1-12月入住该院肿瘤科行结直肠癌切除术患者76例,将患者按照随机数字表法分为观察组(预见性护理)和对照组(常规护理),每组38例患者,对比不同护理模式对患者术后并发症及疼痛(NRS评分)的影响;结果:采用预见性护理的观察组患者术后并发症发生率为10.53％显著低于对照组并发症发生率36.84％(P<0.05);观察组患者NRS评分的总平均分为(3.16±0.67)分显著低于对照组NRS评分(4.97±2.28)分,(P<0.01);结论:对于结直肠癌患者采用预见性护理能够降低患者术后疼痛感及减少术后并发症,具有临床护理推广价值.

目的:观察采用优质护理对胃肠道肿瘤术后生存质量的影响效果;方法:选择2017年3月至2017年12月就诊该院肿瘤科的行胃肠道肿瘤手术的患者86例作为主要观察对象,采用完全随时的方式将患者分为观察组(43例)及对照着(43例),观察组采用优质护理方式,对照组采用常规护理方式,比较不同护理方式对患者生存质量(量表)及术后并发症的影响;结果:观察组患者的术后生存质量评分各维度显著高于本组患者入院时及对照组同期(P<0.05);采用优质护理的观察组患者的术后并发症发生率为9.30％显著低于对照组并发症发生率46.51％,(P<0.01);结论:通过优质护理能够改善胃肠道肿瘤术后生存质量及降低患者术后并发症发生几率,有助于患者临床康复效果提高.

目的：分析合并糖尿病的肺癌患者的生活质量影响因素并探讨其干预措施。方法将该院2015年1-3月间的31例合并糖尿病的肺癌患者作为对照组，在患者出院前评价该组患者的生活质量，分析其干扰因素并探讨其干预措施。将2015年6-9月之间的37例合并糖尿病的肺癌患者作为观察组，在护理过程中采用前瞻性护理对影响患者生活质量的因素进行护理干预，在出院之前对该组患者的生活质量进行评价，并对比两组患者评价结果。结果对照组患者出院前的生活质量平均得分均高于对照组，合并糖尿病的肺癌患者的生活质量影响因素包括心理、生理、社会等多方因素。结论通过对合并糖尿病的肺癌患者进行心理、生理等方面的护理干预可以有效地提高患者的生活质量。

目的：探讨肺癌合并糖尿病患者围手术期的护理策略。方法对2013年12月-2015年10月该院肿瘤科收治的63例肺癌合并糖尿病患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析，根据病情特点，对所有患者均采取术前护理、术后护理及血糖控制等护理策略。结果该组63例肺癌合并糖尿病患者经过围手术期护理，其中显效的患者有38例，有效的患者有19例，无效的患者有6例，总有效率为90.48%。结论对肺癌合并糖尿病围手术期患者实施相应的护理策略，不仅可以有效控制患者手术过程中及前后的血糖水平，还能够减少术后并发症的出现，从而提高治疗和护理效果，因此值得在临床上继续推广和应用。

目的：探讨合并糖尿病的食管癌患者的术后饮食护理措施。方法根据术后营养方式将2015年在该院进行食管癌手术的37例合并糖尿病的患者分为肠内营养组与肠外营养组，其中肠内营养组16例，肠外营养组21例，分别检测两组患者的术后第1~7天的血糖水平，记录患者肠鸣音恢复时间、第一次排气时间、第一次排便时间，并将研究所得到的两组患者的检测数据进行对比。结果肠内营养组的血糖水平、术后第一次排气时间、术后第一次排便时间以及肠鸣音恢复时间均优于肠外营养组。结论肠内营养方式有利于稳定合并糖尿病的食管癌患者术后的血糖水平，对合并糖尿病的食管癌患者采用肠内营养的方式为患者做术后护理，在补充患者的营养的同时，可以促进患者的肠道功能的恢复，保护患者的心功能，提高患者预后速度，促进患者术后肠道功能的恢复。

目的：探讨合并糖尿病的直肠癌患者术中的皮肤护理。方法将该院2015年1-12月之间该院普外科收治的46例合并糖尿病的直肠癌患者随机分为两对照组与观察组，每组23例，对照组进行常规护理，观察组在常规护理的基础上给予手术室综合护理，对比两组患者手术过程中压疮的发生率。结果采用不同的护理干预之后，对照组患者褥疮的发生例数为3例，发生率为13.04%，观察组的褥疮发生例数为0例，发生率为0。结论手术室综合护理干预可以有效的降低合并糖尿病的直肠癌患者术中褥疮发生率，提高手术室的整体护理质量。

甲状腺微小乳头状癌（Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma,PTMC）是指肿瘤直径≤1.0厘米的甲状腺乳头状癌（Papillary thyroid carcinomaTMC）,生存率高,预后好。十年生存率可达90%以上[1]。随着近年来诊断水平的提高,甲状腺微小乳头状癌在甲状腺乳头状癌中所占的比例明显增高[2]。国外报道[3,4],PTMC约占甲状腺癌的6%-63.7%;国内

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect of tympanoplasty with soft-wall reconstruction of ear canal for chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma.METHODSeventy-three patients (76 ears) suffering from chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma were treated with canal wall down mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty. Postauricular myo-periosteal flap was used to the soft-wall reconstruction of ear canal, and the cavityplasty of auricular concha was not performed. The auricular bone prosthesis was made of the autogeneic mastoid cortical bone or residual incus. The postoperative modality and the function of external auditory canal and the postoperative hearing and the postoperative complications were observed.RESULTThe mean dry ear time was (21.1 +/- 3. 1) days after surgery in this study. The postoperative modality of external auditory canal was normal on the whole. The patients were followed up between 6 months and 24 months after surgery. The postoperative average air conduction hearing was improved by (14.5 +/- 6.1) dB HL.CONCLUSIONTympanoplasty with soft-wall reconstruction of ear canal using the postauricular myo-periosteal flap can recover the modality and function of external auditory canal on the whole, and the cavityplasty of auricular concha is not needed. The postoperative hearing can be improved by this technique satisfactorily.

皮肤肿瘤是皮肤科的常见病,多发病。皮肤肿瘤大体上可分为良性和恶性两大类。生长于头面部的皮肤肿瘤因其影响外观和美容从而越来越受到人们的关注,而老年人又是皮肤肿瘤的好发年龄段,所

随着生物医学模式的转变,心理护理在临床护理中的应用越来越受到重视,并取得了显著的社会效益和经济效益.近年来,本人将心理护理应用于静脉穿刺中,体会如下.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-tumor effects and the mechanism of the recombinant fowlpox virus expressing Apoptin gene on human laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2. METHOD Hep-2 cells cultured in vitro were infected with vFVApoptin. The anti-tumor effects on Hep-2 cells were measured through MTT staining and, the mitochondrial trans-membrane potential (delta psi m) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to detect the release of cytochrome c (Cyto c). Caspase-3/9 activities were measured by colorimetric assay. RESULT vFVApoptin could restrain Hep-2 cells significantly and, had the function of down-regulating delta psi m, up-regulating ROS, promoting Cyto c release and activating Caspase-3/9. CONCLUSION Cyto c were released from mitochondria by the function of up-regulating ROS of vFVApoptin. Cyto c triggered Caspase-9 and, after the activation of Caspase-9, downstream apoptotic factors, such as caspase-3, were activated. Eventually, Hep-2 cells were suppressed by mitochondrial pathway apoptosis induced by vFVApoptin.

Objective To investigate the anti-tumor effects and mode action of Apoptin on human uterine cervix cancer cells.Methods Recombinant plasmid pVAX1-Apoptin and pVAX1 were transfected into Hela cells by application of liposome in vitro and used as pVAX1-Apoptin group and pVAX1 group,meanwhile control group(without cells) was set up.The expression of Apoptin in Hela cells was detected by Western blotting.Anti-tumor effect on Hela cells was measured through methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay.The alteration of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and ROS level of the cells were detected by flow cytometry(FCM) with rhodamine 123 and DCFA staining.The activation of caspase-3 was assayed by its substrate color reaction.Results The inhibitory rate in pVAX1-Apoptin group 48 h after transfection(69.28%) was higher than those in control group(0.74%) and pVAX1 group(10.11%).Compared with control group,the mitochondrial transmembrane potential was decreased(P<0.01),ROS level of the cells was increased(P<0.05),and caspase-3 activity was increased(P<0.01) in pVAX1-Apoptin group.Conclusion Anti-tumor effects of Apoptin on Hela cells may be resulted from the apoptosis-inducing function of Apoptin.

宫颈癌是最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一,目前的发病机制尚不完全清楚.现有的研究表明,宫颈癌的发生、发展是由多基因参与的多步骤的复杂过程.新城疫病毒(NDV)HN基因的长度为1734 bp,编码577个氨基酸,蛋白相对分子质量为63 000.

Objective:To investigate the combined anti-tumor effects of apoptin gene,hemagglutinin-neuramidinase gene(HN)of newcastle disease virus(NDV),and human IL18 gene(hIL-18)on colon carcinoma cells HCT-116 in vitro.Methods:The recombinant plasmid pIRApoptinHNIL18 was introduced into human colon carcinoma cells HCT-116 by liposome-mediated transfection.The expression of the exogenous genes was detected by Western blotting and RT-PCR.The anti-tumor effects of pIRApoptinHNIL18 on HCT-116 cells were determined by AO/EB staining.The influence of pIRApoptinHNIL18 on mitochondrial transmembrane potential(△Ψ)and reactive oxygen species(ROS)were detected by flow cytometry(FCM).Sialic acid content was determined by using 3,5-dihydroxytoluene.Results:pIRApoptinHNIL18 transfection resulted in expression of the exogenous genes,repression of HCT-116 cells,down-regulation of △Ψ [(94.41±8.17)% vs(30.70±8.01)%,P0.05] and Sialic acid content [(0.33±0.06)mmol/L vs(0.09±0.03)mmol/L,P0.01],and up-regulation of ROS [(52.48±6.09)% vs(68.98±7.26)% P0.05].Conclusion:pIRApoptinHNIL18 may inhibit the growth of HCT-116 cells via mitochondrial pathway-induced apoptosis.

Objective:To establish a recombinant fowtpox virus vector harboring HN gene of Newcastle disease virus and to study its inhibitory effect on in vitro cultured human hepatic carcinoma cell line SMMC7721 and on H22 hepatoma in C57BL/6 mice.Methods:The fowl poxvirus 282 E4 was transfected with HN gene of Newcastle disease virus,and the product (vFVHN) was screened by 5-Bromo-2-deoxyribouridine and identified by RT-PCR and Western blotting.The mortality of SMMC7721 cells was detected by Methylthiazoletetra-zolium staining after vFVHN infection;the tumor sup- pression rate of vFVHN'on H22 hepatoma in C57BL/6 mice was detected to study its anti-tumor effect.Results:Fowlpox virus harboring HN gene of Newcastle disease was successfully constructed,and its killing effect on SMMC7721 was 43. 37% and its anti-tumor rate on SMMC7721 cells was 20.65%.Conclusion:It is demonstrated that vFVHN can effective- ly kill SMMC7721 cells cultured in vitro and has inhibitory effect on C57BL/6 mice bearing H22 hepatoma.

来源于新城疫病毒的血凝素-神经氨酸酶(hemagglutinin-neuramidinase, HN)蛋白不仅能够介导受体识别, 还具有水解这些受体中N-乙酰神经氨酸(N-acetylneuraminic acid, Nacneu, 唾液酸)成分的神经氨酸酶(neuraminidase, NA)活性. 研究表明, HN蛋白可针对包括人类在内的哺乳动物产生抗肿瘤作用和免疫刺激作用. 为探索HN基因在肿瘤基因治疗中的应用, 构建了表达HN的重组禽痘病毒(vFV-HN), 并通过体内外实验比较了其与野生型禽痘病毒(FPV)的抗肿瘤作用. 实验结果表明, 虽然B16肿瘤细胞对FPV感染所致细胞毒作用具有一定耐受性, 但vFV-HN具有显著的抑瘤作用. 并且, 与FPV相比, vFV-HN免疫可显著延长荷瘤动物模型的生存期. 另外, vFV-HN免疫可刺激产生B16肿瘤细胞特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)反应和促进CD4+和CD8+ T淋巴细胞的增殖. 研究还发现, vFV-HN免疫可刺激小鼠分泌IL-2和IFN-γ等Th1类细胞因子, 说明vFV-HN的抑瘤作用与Th1类免疫反应相关. 实验结果提示, vFV-HN免疫具有潜在的肿瘤基因治疗研究价值.

The effect of recombinant plasmid pWP3 on human lung carcinoma cells SPC-Al and its mechanism were investigated. The recombinant plasmid pWP3 was introduced into human lung carcinoma cells SPC-Al by liposome-mediated transfection. The viability of SPC-Al cells was determined by MTT staining and apoptosis was detected by AO/EB staining. The alteration of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and ROS level of the cells was detected by flow cytometry (FCM) with rhodamine 123 and DCFA staining. The activation of caspase-3 was assayed by its substrate color reaction. The viability of SPC-Al cells was decreased significantly and recombinant plasmid could lead to obviously morphological apoptotic changes of SPC-Al cells by introduction of pWP3 into SPC-Al cells for 48h. Mitochondrial transmembrane potential decreased(P < 0.01), ROS level of the cells increased (P < 0.05), Caspase-3 activity (P < 0.01) increased, compared with control cells. The above results showed that the significant apoptosis in SPC-Al cells can be induced by recombinant plasmid pWP3. Apoptosis may result from the increase of ROS level, the decrease of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and activation of Caspase-3.