"紫祥优26"是由上海弘辉种业有限公司和上海市农业科学院联合选育的优质早熟晚粳稻新品种,于2018年通过上海市农作物品种审定.该品种熟期较早、熟相好,米质优、食味佳,植株矮、抗倒性强,分蘖能力强,丰产性好,适合在上海、苏南、浙北、皖南等地作单季晚稻或早茬口双季晚稻种植."紫祥优26"可直播栽培,也可育秧移栽,高产栽培中要注意适时早播、合理密植、科学用肥、加强病虫草害防治.

传统杂交水稻母本机插秧制种技术需要备土、制盘、运盘、育秧、插秧等诸多环节;母本开厢人工直播制种技术造成母本不成行、成穴不均匀,田间不通风,病虫害多且不方便田间人工去杂.母本精量穴直播制种技术克服了两者的缺点,综合了两者的优点.总结了优质杂交粳稻新组合紫祥优26在上海地区母本精量穴直播高产制种技术.

申繁24是上海市农业科学院以育种中间材料ZR213为母本、CR-3为父本,通过杂交、自交系统选择,结合香味基因分子标记辅助及稻瘟病鉴定选育而成的优质杂交晚粳恢复系.该恢复系抗稻瘟病、有香味、配合力强,配组育成的‘申优24’‘紫祥优24’‘申优415’分别于2015年、2016年和2017年通过上海市农作物品种审定委员会审定.

概述了上海地区杂交粳稻的研究历史与应用现状.上海是最早开展杂交粳稻研究的地区之一,也是我国杂交粳稻种植比例最高的省市.在水稻产业发展的新形势下,上海杂交粳稻研究重点是高效应用分子技术辅助培育优质,特别是优质食味、适于全程机械化、抗病抗逆的强优势新组合,并提出了上海杂交粳稻种业发展的对策.

通过集成杂交粳稻新组合申优17机械插秧、机械割叶、机械辅助授粉等农机技术与亲本播差期安排、适宜机插秧行比、花期预测及调整、田间去杂等农艺技术配套,制定了机械化制种技术,并进行了规模化示范应用.

An early-maturing rice mutant'Zao-Han-Feng'from the breeding nursery of japonica rice 'Han-Feng'was about 15.2 d earlier than the wild'Han-Feng'in heading period,and the genetic analysis indicated that the'Zao-Han-Feng's early-maturing character was controlled by a pair of semidominant genes.A new sterile line'Zao-Han-Feng A'was bred by the continuous backcross of the'Zao-Han-Feng'with the BT-type sterile line'Han-Feng A',and then the cross combinations of'Han-Feng A'and'Zao-Han-Feng A'were made respectively with 3 japonica rice restorers-'Xiangqing','Shenhui 254'and'R44'.The results showed that the heading periods of cross combinations with'Zao-Han-Feng A'were 95.2-99.4 d and about 8.2-10.4 d earlier than those of cross combinations with'Han-feng A',and some combinations had no significant decrease in yield,indicating that the semidominant early-maturing gene in the'Zao-Han-Feng A'has a good applied value in breeding for early-maturing japonica rice hybrids.

对杂交粳稻花优14母本机插制种中亲本行比及母本株距与制种产量的关系进行研究,结果表明:父母本栽插行比、母本栽插株距对制种产量有影响显著,在机械辅助授粉条件下,花优14母本机插制种以父母本行比2:8、母本行株距25 cm×12 cm较为适宜.

以粳稻显性半矮秆突变体Y98149为基因供体亲本与保持系8204B杂交、回交,利用分子标记辅助选择,在BC1F5中筛选出携带显性半矮秆sdt基因的粳稻新品系177,与BT型‘寒丰A’连续回交育成育性稳定、开花习性好、配合力强的显性半矮秆杂交粳稻不育系177A.

Through joint brainstorm of 7 superior organizations, all of which are engaged in the research of heterosis utilization of Japonica rice for a long time, including Tianjin Sub-Center of China National Hybrid Rice R&D Center, Grain Crop Research Institute of Jiangsu Academy Of Agricultural Sciences, Crop Breeding And Cultivation Research Institute Of Shanghai Academy Of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research institute of Jilin Academy Of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Academy Of Agricultural Sciences, Changshu Institute Of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Huaiyin Institute Of Agricultural Sciences, this research made a big through in many area, perfectly completed all scheduled task. In view of lack issue of hybrid japonica rice varieties with good comprehensive characters, through creating excellent germplasm resources, we successfully bred a batch of hybrid japonica rice combination suitable for japonica rice main producing area with high yield, superior quality, strong resistance, widely adaptability, made important process in variety certification, breeding of sterile line, restore line and new combination, and got a series of fruitful results: 6 new combinations getting certificate, 2 of which getting state authorization, another 4 getting provincial authorization; bred 32 japonica rice sterile line with superior comprehensive agronomic trait, 5 of which passed appraisal, bred 20 restore line with high combining ability, good resistance, high quality; during the implementation of this task we successfully popularized hybrid rice combination for 18.334 million mu and applied 9 new varieties of plants protection. During this task, “production, knowledge, research” are closely integrated, this research positively cooperated with key enterprise, integrated resource, made the research, demonstration and popularize at the same time, achieved the seamless connection of research and industry, improved scientific research achievements conversion efficiency, and finally promoted the technology of enterprises.

Gene expression profiling using microarray has contributed significantly to heterosis studies. Using the Affymetrix rice genome array, we investigated gene expression profiles in the flag leaves of the japonica hybrid rice Huayou14 and its parental cultivars Shen9A and Fan14 at the booting stage. A total of 2057 genes differentially expressed (fold change ≥2 or ≤0.5) between Huayou14 and its parents were identified. Functional classification of the differentially expressed genes by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated the differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in photosynthesis-related cellular component categories (e.g. photosystem Ⅰ, chloroplast membrane and chloroplast envelope), and biological process categories (e.g. chlorophyll catabolic, chlorophyll biosynthetic and carotenoid biosynthetic processes). These results suggest that the changes in the photosynthetic ability of the japonica hybrid rice Huayou14 may be related to heterosis. Metabolic pathway analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in photosynthesis-antenna proteins and starch and sucrose metabolic pathways, instead of photosynthesis and carbon fixation pathways as reported previously. These results suggest that different genes or metabolic pathways might contribute to the heterosis of different hybrid combinations.

Application of molecular marker provided new technology for japonica hybrid rice breeding. It can greatly improved breed-ing efficiency that combined with molecular marker and traditional breeding technology. This paper summarized the research and ap-plication status of molecular marker in japonica hybrid rice breeding, including analysis of genetic diversity, construction of core germplasm, molecular marker-assisted selection in breeding, heterosis prediction and establishment of DNA fingerprintmap. The main problems for application of molecular markers in japonica hybrid rice breeding were discussed, and the application prospect was also developed.

为了分析辐照对水稻种子活力和秧苗质量的影响,分别利用350Gy以及5种不同剂量(250、300、350、400和600Gy)的60Co γ射线辐照了3种水稻恢复系和粳稻保持系秀水134的干种子.结果发现,水稻的辐照敏感性与水稻的籼性成分呈负相关,4种不同类型水稻品种(品系)的辐照敏感性排序为:粳稻保持系秀水134＞粳稻恢复系繁24＞籼粳交偏粳型恢复系繁31＞籼粳交偏籼型恢复系繁32;250 Gy以上的辐照剂量对秀水134起抑制作用,随着辐照剂量的提高,秀水134种子活力和秧苗质量逐渐变弱,具体表现为发芽率、成苗率和苗高降低,假茎宽变弱,地上和地下干重减少;苗高对γ射线辐照最为敏感;秀水134的适宜辐照剂量为250～350Gy.所得结果为水稻突变体的筛选提供了理论依据.

[目的]本文旨在研究水稻籼粳交杂种优势的分子基础.[方法]利用Affymetrix水稻表达谱芯片分析了强优势水稻籼粳交组合‘申9A/繁31’与母本‘申9A’和父本‘繁31’在幼穗分化初期剑叶组织的基因表达差异,并对差异表达基因进行了基于生物学过程的GO(gene ontology)功能分类和代谢通路分析.[结果]幼穗分化初期杂种与双亲的表型已经产生了明显差异;共有2 258个基因在杂种与亲本之间差异表达(差异倍数≥2或≤0.5),杂种与双亲均显示差异表达的基因有327个,杂种与父本之间的差异表达基因远多于母本.杂种差异表达基因具有多种表达模式,具有正效应基因的增强表达和具有负效应基因的抑制表达对杂种优势均有贡献.差异表达基因主要参与了磷代谢、运输、防卫反应以及碳水化合物代谢等生物学过程,并在碳固定、氨基酸代谢、糖酵解/糖原异生以及磷酸肌醇代谢等多个代谢通路富集.[结论]水稻籼粳交杂种优势存在复杂的分子基础,多种分子机制参与了杂种优势的形成,光合效率和光合产物运输分配效率的提高可能是杂种优势产生的主要原因.

对上海市16个常规粳稻品种的8个主要品质性状进行主成分分析和聚类分析,结果表明:上海市粳稻品种碾磨和蒸煮品质的改良已经取得了一定成效,尤其是蒸煮品质已经达到了较高的水平,但外观品质总体较差;品质性状间存在着复杂的相关关系,垩白粒率和垩白度对碾磨品质和蒸煮品质都具有显著的负面影响;8个品质性状可归结为3个主成分,累计贡献率达90.166％;供试材料可分为4类,第1类品种的品质最好,可以直接转育为杂交粳稻的三系亲本,第2类和第3类品质次之,第4类品质最差,其中的若干品种可以作为选育优质品种的中间材料.有50％的品种聚集在第4类,显示出上海市粳稻品种具有遗传距离近、遗传基础狭窄的特点.

从提高整田质量、适期精量播栽、搁田控苗、提高成穗率、前氮后移、氮、磷、钾养分平衡施用、合理水浆管理、加强病虫害防治等方面介绍了中熟晚粳杂交稻花优14的高产栽培技术。

In order to mine elite alleles of panicle angle trait and their carrier varieties in japonica rice,association analysis between SSR loci and panicle angle trait was performed by using genotyping data of 151 SSR markers on a natural population composed of 95 japonica varieties(58 landraces and 37 cultivars) with the general linear model in software of TASSEL.Linkage disequilibrium and population structure were firstly analyzed for the population.Linkage disequilibrium at different levels was detected not only among syntenic markers but also among nonsyntenic ones.The cultivar population had a higher level of linkage disequilibrium than that of the landrace population.Genetic structure analysis showed that the natural population was composed of 6 subpopulations.Fifteen SSR loci associated with the trait were detected and located on 10 chromosomes except chromosomes 4 and 7.The markers RM7598,RM3700,RM311 and RM1125 each could explain more than 10% of phenotypic variation.Twenty-three elite alleles and their typical carrier materials were further screened out.Of the seven typical carrier materials,Xiushui 04 and Xiushui 79 carried more elite alleles.

On the basis of on the spot investigations of the Xiushui Seeds Limited Company in Jinshan District,the article analyzed the situation of implementing the subsidy policy of superior rice cultivars in Jinshan District as well as the major achievements,and put forward the idea and proposal of improving the subsidy policy in the hope of providing a beneficial reference for implementing the subsidy policy more effectively hereafter.

介绍了申优系列8个杂交粳稻组合的特征特性,申优系列杂交粳稻组合总体表现出株高适中、穗大粒多、结实率高、产量优势明显、抗性强、品质优等特点。参照精确定量栽培技术,根据该组合的特征特性提出了相应的配套栽培技术。认为"适度提高千粒重、稳定适宜穗数、主攻大穗"是提高申优系列杂交粳稻产量行之有效的途径。

以粳稻‘秀水79’和‘C堡’杂交衍生的重组自交系(RIL)群体248个株系为试材,对粳稻品质性状与农艺性状进行了相关分析.结果表明:品质性状与单株产量相关关系不显著,但是与具体的农艺性状之间却存在着复杂的相关关系.提高粒重、穗长、单株生物产量、全生育期、一次枝梗数和降低二次枝梗数有利于改善粳稻碾磨品质;提高单株生物产量、全生育期以及降低粒重和着粒密度有助于粳稻垩白的改良;提高全生育期和降低每穗实粒数、二次枝梗数有助于改善粳稻蒸煮食用品质.并利用2009年参加上海市区试和生试的26个粳稻品种对RIL群体所得结果进行了验证.

Six different-type hybrid keng rice restorers and 6 BT-type keng rice sterile lines were used as parents,and their F1 yields and relative characters' combining abilities were analyzed by using incomplete diallel cross design(NCⅡ).The results showed that the descending order of general combining ability(GCA)for the restorers' grain yields was 'Fan 18''Fan 16''Fan 15''Shenhui C9''Shenhui 254''206';and considering the GCAs of other characters,'Fan 15' and 'Fan 16' were better male parents.The yield and its relative characters were affected more by the restorers than by the sterile lines,so selection of restorers was of key importance though the sterile lines' effects and both parents' interaction could not be overlooked.The restorers of indica-japonica cross had good fertility restoration ability,and their combinations had outstanding competitive edge in yield and good use value.