目的 分析华北和华中地区部分驻军医院放射工作人员个人剂量基本情况.方法 采用偶遇抽样法,于2017年抽取华北和华中地区部分驻军医院1 732名放射工作人员为研究对象,采用热释光剂量测量方法对其进行个人剂量监测.结果 1 732名放射工作人员年集体有效剂量为1 223.06 mSv,人均年有效剂量中位数(M)为0.48 mSv/a.年有效剂量超过5.00 mSv的人数分布比为0.69％(12/1 732).99.94％的放射工作人员个人剂量水平低于个人年有效剂量接触限值(20.00 mSv/a).放射诊断、放射治疗、核医学、介入放射学放射工作人员人均年有效剂量M分别为0.55、0.43、0.45和0.45 mSv/a;放射诊断工作人员人均年有效剂量分别高于放射治疗和介入放射工作人员(P＜0.001).结论 华北和华中地区驻军医院放射工作人员受照剂量在容许范围内,但仍应进一步加强介入放射学工作者的防护以及个人剂量监测管理工作.

目的 通过系统检测一种热释光剂量测量系统的性能指标,全面评价该系统的可靠性.方法 参照JJG 593-2006、GBZ 207-2016和GB/T 10264-2014,对热释光剂量测量系统的批均匀性、稳定性、入射角响应、线性、能量响应、量值检验、残余剂量、探测限等8个指标进行了检测,并将检测结果与相关标准要求比对.结果 各项性能指标检测结果满足国家及行业规定的指标限值.结论 该热释光剂量测量系统符合相关标准要求,可以用于人与环境辐射剂量的测量工作.

Objective:To test and analyze the basic performance indexes of a new type of personal dosimeter with thermoluminescence.Methods:According to the national criteria<Thermoluminescence dosimetry system for personal and environmental monitoring> (GB/T10264-2014) and regulation of metrological verification<Thermoluminescence dosimetry systems used in personal and environmental monitoring for X andγradiation> (JJG 593-2016) , series indexes of personal dosimeter with thermoluminescence were examined such as the non-linear response, energy response, verification of quantity value, relative error, coefficient of variation, and then the results were compared with the relevant standards.Results:The tested indexes, which were related to performance, that included non-linear response, energy response, verification of quantity value, relative error, coefficient of variation and so on could meet standard limited value of national criteria and regulation of metrological verification.Conclusion:The each relevant performance of new type of hemisphere personal dosimeter with thermoluminescence can meet the requirements of personal monitoring.

目的 研制一种便携式核应急现场救援侦检侦察箱,解决防原医学救援设备分散,救援手段滞后、不系统等问题.方法 本救援箱采用整体设计、关键控制点研究、系统整合的方法进行研制,涵盖整体设计构思、功能模块研究与优化配置、便携实用箱体平台的科学设计、箱体生产制造和实物推广应用等各个环节.结果 研制的便携式核应急现场救援侦检侦察箱,首次将个人辐射防护、现场辐射侦检、环境风向方位侦察、危害评估与救援决策系统四个主要功能模块和一个辅助模块科学集成于一便携式箱体.结论 本救援箱便携轻巧、功能系统配套、操作简便、实用性强.研究成果将弥补目前基层部队核与辐射突发事件现场医学应急救援装备存在的不足,提高救援队伍对核与辐射突发事件的科学、快速处置能力.

目的:研究新型热释光个人剂量计入射角响应优化及能量鉴别性能.方法:在入射角度分别为0、20、40、60°时,采用不同能量射线照射新型热释光个人剂量计与传统平板模体剂量计,比较不同能量射线照射下入射角度对2种剂量计Hp(10)位置测量结果的影响程度;采用不同能量不同剂量辐照新型热释光个人剂量计,分析金属模体槽体与无过滤模体槽体位置的探测器计数值比值与辐照能量及剂量之间的关系和规律.结果:新型热释光个人剂量计对不同入射角度间的响应差异无统计学意义;金属模体槽体与无过滤模体槽体处的探测器计数值比值与能量呈现良好的相关性.结论:新型热释光个人剂量计与传统平板模体剂量计比较具有明显的入射角响应优化效果,并且具备精准的能量鉴别能力.

目的:设计一种新型热释光自动快速退火冷却装置,以提高热释光探测元件的剂量学性能.方法:装置设计由金属框架、冷却底板、风机及小型玻璃门电冰箱等组成.金属框架包括顶框及具有高低调节功能的支撑柱,顶框上固定一风机,风机设有串联的手动及与电冰箱门连锁的开关,冷却底板中心为探测器退火盘的位置标志,其旁有安放水银温度计的凹槽.结果:该装置散热效率高,在满足不同热释光探测器退火冷却要求的同时,保证了探测器的灵敏度和重复性,减少了热释光辐射剂量测量中的误差.结论:新型热释光自动快速退火冷却装置结构简单,成本较低,冷却效率及自动化程度高,适用于不同热释光探测器的不同退火冷却条件,对加强热释光测量系统的质量控制起着重要作用.

目的:为准确估算眼晶状体受照的实际剂量,设计一种与眼镜配套的眼晶状体剂量计佩戴装置.方法:该装置由连接装置、主连杆、副连杆以及剂量计组成.连接装置,该连接装置的底端和眼镜腿紧固相连;主连杆,在该主连杆的中部该主连杆轴线的垂直方向设有贯穿孔滑槽,且该主连杆连接于该连接装置的顶端;副连杆,该副连杆的底端连接于该贯穿孔滑槽中;剂量计,连接于该副连杆的顶端.结果:该装置实现了准确地测量普通眼镜后边的剂量或铅眼镜周边的剂量从而评估裸眼剂量,也可以测量铅眼镜后边的射线,从而估算眼晶状体的实际剂量.结论:通过使用该装置,实现了HP(3)型剂量计的精确定位,对实现准确检测裸眼或佩戴铅眼镜情况下的眼晶状体剂量起着重要作用.

目的:检验本实验室放射卫生监测能力水平,保证监测结果的准确可靠,持续进行质量控制.方法:依据中国疾病预防控制中心辐射防护与核安全医学所组织的全国职业性外照射个人剂量监测系统质量控制比对方案,2011年、2014年、2015年、2016年4次参加全国放射工作人员热释光个人剂量计盲样比对.结果:2011年热释光个人剂量监测系统比对结果为优秀,2014年、2015年、2016年为合格.结论:本实验室个人剂量监测系统数据准确可靠、设备性能稳定,监测技术满足外照射个人剂量监测的有关性能要求;但对于本实验室系统误差的质量控制仍是个人剂量监测的重点.

Objective To evaluate the reliability of HARSHAW-3500 thermoluminescence dosimetry system by testing its performances.Methods HARSHAW-3500 thermoluminescence dosimetry system had its performances tested and evaluated according to Verification regulation of thermoluminescence dosimetry systems used in persontal and environmental monitoring forXandgammaradiation(JJG 593-2006),Testingcriteriaofpersonneldosimetryperformanceforexternalexposure (GBZ 207-2016),Specifications for individual monitoring of occupational external exposure (GBZ 128-2016) and Thermoluminescence dosimetry systems for personal and environmental monitoring (GB/T 10264-2014),such as batch homogeneity,repeatability,linearity,incidence angle response,stability,energy response and scale factor,quantity inspection,residual dose,detection limit and etc.Results Testing results of various performance indicators proved to be within the limits according to national and industrial standards.Conclusion HARSHAW-3500 thermoluminescence dosimetry system conforms to the requirements for radiation dose measurement.It is beneficial to the improvement of quality and performance of thermoluminescence dosimetry by performances analysis and evaluation.

疫情监测预警系统的研制主要是实现对某区群发、高发和重点监测的传染病进行动态监测、预警,通过声光报警,并根据预警信息自动生成相应的应急预案,进一步提高重大疫情处置效率,主动干预传染病的扩散、蔓延.

Objective To improve the quality of personal dose equivalent measurement by exploring optimal annealing temperature conditions.Methods Totally 60 pieces of thermoluminescent detectors were randomly and equally divided into 6 groups.The 6 groups underwent 10-min annealing under 200,220,230,240,250 or 260 ℃ respectively,and then were cooled with the same conditions and went through measurement after irradiation by the calibrated radiation source.The above operation of annealing,cooling and measurement were repeated for 10 times,and the 6 groups were compared on dispersity,sensitivity and glow curve.Results Single test proved that under 240 ℃ the dispersity,sensitivity and glow curve gained optimal results comprehensively,while repeated tests showed that the dispersity had the optimal value under 250 ℃ and the sensitivity decreased significantly as the times of annealing rose.Conclusion Annealing conditions have to be selected according to the requirements of the thermoluminescent detector.

目的:探讨BR-J4000型个人剂量计不同位置探测器读数比值与射线能量之间的相关性.方法:将已筛选退火后的探测器片放于剂量计盒的所有位置,分别予以入射角为0°下的不同能量的照射,通过分析探测器读数最大值与最小值的比值,探讨其与辐照能量之间的关系和规律.结果:入射角为0°下的不同能量的射线照射,无过滤槽体位置探测器的读数为最大值,H p(10)位置的探测器为最小值,两者读数之比与能量的关系具有相关性.结论:应用BR-J4000型剂量计"无过滤槽体位置/H p(10)位置"探测器计数的比值,有可能获得辐照的射线性质、能量范围等资料,获得更为准确的剂量检测结果.

[Objective] To investigate the effect of different cooling methods on the dispersivity,sensitivity and luminosity curve of thermoluminescence detector under the annealing temperature of 240 ℃,explore the best cooling conditions of the detector.[Methods] By taking out 96 tablets of LiF:Mg,Cu,P thermoluminescence detectors with the dispersion of ±5％,and dividing these detectors into 12 experimental groups randomly (8 pieces for each group),annealing treatment was conducted,followed by different cooling methods for each group,and the measurement was implemented after the completion of the standard radiation exposure.The experiment results were statistically analyzed by SPSS software.[Results] Case with 5 ℃ of cooling condition and application of fan produced the tiniest variation coefficient of the experimental results (3.6％),with the best shape of the luminosity curve and consistency.[Conclusion] The cooling pattern has obvious influence on the experimental results,the optimal cooling pattern under the annealing temperature of 240 ℃ is 5 ℃ of cooling condition and application of fan.

Objective To understand the current situation of quality control of medical diagnostic X-ray projects(CR/DR,CT) in the partial hospitals of the original Beijing Military Region,analyze and compare the results with civilian similar works,discover the problems and seek the solutions.Methods The test and evaluation of partial X-ray diagnostic equipment in the original Beijing Military Region were performed according to the relevant criteria.At the same time,to retrieve related articles of civilian similar works in the domestic core journals,compare and analyze the test results of the civil-military.Results Deviation from light field and the radiation field,tube voltage indication deviation of CR/DR system was the most common unqualified index.The qualified rate was 62.86％,90.91％ respectively;As for the CT project,the qualified rate of noise,CT dose index and uniformity was quite low,which was 66.67％,71.79％,79.49％ respectively.The low qualified rate indexes are similar with the text results of the civil-military.Conclusion Quality control of diagnostic X-ray equipment of troops should be strengthened to ensure that each operating medical X-ray diagnostic equipment in qualified and safe working condition.

目的:调查了解北京军区数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)项目的放射防护和设备性能情况,分析解决存在的问题.方法:借助专业检测工具,对北京军区所属医院11台DSA项目进行抽查;根据有关法规标准进行监督监测,并对结果进行分析.结果:调研项目的防护设施指标以受检者防护用品的设置、工作状态指示灯设置以及电离辐射警示标志设置的合格率较低,分别是63.64％、72.73％和81.82％;DSA设备存在的性能问题主要是空气比释动能率、均匀性和伪影3个指标,合格率均为90.91％;在许可证件持有及使用方面也存在一定问题.结论:北京军区DSA项目需要有针对性地从放射防护、设备性能和项目人员许可等方面去改进和完善.

目的 了解某地区医院10年间放射诊断工作场所防护状况,为指导放射防护工作、有效控制辐射危害提供参考.方法 以该地区19所医院放射诊断项目为调查对象,查阅2005年、2007年、2009年、2011年、2013年和2015年的放射防护监督检测报告,依据国家相关放射防护法规标准,对与场所相应的关键性防护指标进行统计分析.结果 2005年放射诊断工作场所104个,2015年107个,10年间放射诊断工作场所数目变化不大,防护指标不合格率呈现明显的逐年下降趋势.机房周围辐射泄漏水平较高的操作台、医生和患者门处辐射泄漏水平不合格率分别从2005年的12.5％、18.3％和21.2％下降到2015年的0、0.9％和0.9％;不合格位置辐射泄漏周围剂量当量率范围大于2.5 μSv/h的场所,2005年有12个,2015年为0个.工作状态指示灯、电离辐射警示标志、防护设施配备情况等防护指标不合格率分别从2005年的57.7％、44.2％和76.9％下降到2015年的20.6％、1.9％和1.9％.结论 该地区19所医院10年间放射诊断工作场所防护状况总体呈逐步改善趋势.

目的：探讨部队受辐射人群健康危害因素，针对主要危害因素提出并实施干预措施，最大限度地降低辐射安全隐患。方法：基于多年对部队受辐射人群职业健康管理的经验，阐述部队人群受电离辐射潜在危害的现状，归纳部队人群受电离辐射主要危害因素，探讨辐射健康危害干预措施。结果：部队利用电离辐射行业复杂，官兵放射防护知识缺乏，是电离辐射危害广大官兵健康安全的重要因素；核能利用过程中危害因素的不确定性，很大程度上增加了各种核与辐射突发事件风险；我国核与辐射突发事件的突发形势更加复杂多样，防范和应对面临严峻挑战。因此，应加强部队受辐照人群的放射防护知识培训和个人剂量监测管理，重视部队受辐照人群的职业健康监护，建立统一高效的应对核与辐射突发事件机制，增强核与辐射突发事件应急保障能力。结论：通过部队受辐射人群健康危害因素分析，提出并实施辐射危害干预措施，有利于降低部队受辐照人群健康风险。

Objectives:This survey was made to investigate the present status of radiological protection and quality control of the medical radiography (DR/CR) project in a military hospital,to identify problems, and to propose effective improvement mea-sures. Methods:The medical X-ray photography (CR/DR) projects in partial hospitals of the military region have been extracted , and the related situations of radiological protection and quality control have been surveyed and analyzed,the survey included:radia-tion protection measures,image quality,radiation leakage levels of the workplace, performance of the X-ray tube head etc. Results:The most common failure indicators are:working status indicators, the light field and the radiation field deviation, image uniformity etc.,and the passing rate were 73.81%, 54.76%and 89.74%respectively. Conclusion:The radiological protection facilities and the equipment maintenance should be strengthen,and the periodic supervision and monitoring of the radiation protection and quality control should be maintained.

Objective:To investigate the radiation protection status of interventional radiology working place about 19 hospi-tals in one district among 10 years and control the radiation hazard. Methods:According to the national related radiation protection standards, and consulting the radiation protection test report of 2005,2007,2009,2011,2013 and 2015,the interventional radiology working places of 19 hospitals in one district were selected as the survey object, and the key indexes about the radiation protection were statisticsed and analysized. Results:The number of the interventional radiology equipments incereased continually and radia-tion protection standardized among 10 years. The unqualified percent of the radiation protection indexes were dropping year by year which included bedside radiation protection test plane of the air kerma rate, working status indicator, ionizing radiation warning signs as well as protective equipment configurations and the protection facilities. The radiation protection work of the hospitals are normalizing. Conclusion:The air kerma rate in bedside X-ray protection zone surface is related with the application of the radiation protection facility and fluoroscopy condition;It is impossible to interventional radiology protection by strengthening the radiation protection supervision and monitoring, perfecting the radiation protection facility and making full use of the comprehensive protec-tion.

Objective:To analyse the probable occupational hazards in Digital Radiography System(DR),and evaluate the ra-diation protection design proposal in machine room. Methods:Decided and quantitative analysis are made by the way of radiation protection shield calculate methods and the comprehensive analysis methods. Results:The site selection, geographical layout and ra-diation protection design of DR machine room, as well as the probable occupational hazards in the course of the mechine using are accord with the country standards by calculating and analyzing. Conclusion:The occupational hazards of the project can be protect-ed. After the radiation standards and suggestion are carried out strictly, the DR construction project is feasible.