为提倡节水养殖,探索不同节水养殖水位对黄喉拟水龟生长性能的影响,以2龄黄喉拟水龟为试验对象,水温20.7～30.1℃时,采取单盒饲养法,设置350 mL(高水位)、260 mL(中水位)、110 mL(低水位)3个不同养殖水位,饲养7个月后测定生长指标和形态性状.试验结果表明,260 mL水位和350 mL水位组龟体质量显著高于110 mL水位组(P<0.05);260 mL水位和350 mL水位组龟背甲长、背甲高、腹甲长和甲桥长在试验后期均显著高于110 mL水位组(P<0.05),背甲宽显著小于110 mL水位组(P<0.05);260 mL水位组和350 mL水位组的扁平度在影响效果上显著低于110 mL水位组(P<0.05).由此可见,采用110 mL水位养殖黄喉拟水龟显著影响受试龟的体质量、形态性状和扁平度,宏观显现缺水情况下龟体生长适应调节机制,具有显著的节水效能;260 mL水位组兼顾了节水效能和生长优势;350 mL水位组仅具有显著的生长优势.从生长性能和节水效能角度考虑得出,260 mL养殖水位是黄喉拟水龟节水养殖的适宜水平.

The molecular markers related with growth traits ( body weight,body length and body width) of Hucho taimen were screened by the GLM model of SPSS13.0.The results show that 1)the average effective number of alleles was 2.301 4,the polymorphic information content was 0.366 6~0.557 6,the observation pop?ulation heterzygosity was from 0.3666 to 0.5576 and greater than the expected heterozygosity,the Fis value was negative,which suggested heterozygote excess.2) Loci BJT4,BJT6,BJT8,BJT12,BJT18,BJT19,BJTH4 and BJTH19 were significantly correlated with body weight and body length ( P<0.01) ,BJT6,BJTH6 and BJTH17 were significantly correlated with body height and body width ( P<0.01) ,and there was a phenomenon of“one gene can affect more than one trait” and “any trait can be affected by more than one gene”. The results of multi?comparison of different genotypes indicated that genotype AA of BJT 12,BJT 18 and BJTH4 were posi?tively correlated with body weight,body length,and genotype AB of BJTH6 and BJTH17 was positively correla?ted with body height,body width.The results of this study are valuable for marker?assisted breeding of taimen, and provide a basic data for building a genetic linkage map of taimen.

The current study aimed to find the best anesthetic for electronic chip markers,injection of exog-enous hormones,squeezing eggs (semen) of taimen (Hucho taime) (parent fish).The anesthetic effects of chlo-robutanol,clove oil,2-phenoxyethanol on taimen (parent fish) were compared.The results showed that,(1) chlo-robutanol:anesthetizing time and recovery time were longer,and up to the depth of anesthesia;Clove oil:anesthe-tizing time was short,did not achieve the depth of anesthesia,tactile recovery was quick,but complete recovery time was longer;2-phenoxyethanol:anesthetizing time and recovery time were shorter,and up to the depth of an-esthesia.(2) The linear equations of the exposure time and the recovery time with different concentrations (0.1‰,0.3‰,0.5‰) of 2-phenoxyethanol were respectively:y1=24.5x+65.9,(R2=0.990 3,60≤x≤300);y3=26.5x+82.3,(R2=0.976 1,60≤x≤300);y5=55.5x+176.0,(R2=0.999 8,60≤x≤300).The results indicated that 2-phe-noxyethanol was the best anesthetic for electronic chip markers,injection of exogenous hormones,squeezing eggs (semen) ,and its security utility range was 0.1‰-0.3‰,the optimal dose concentration was 0.3‰.

为了解摄食水平对哲罗幼鱼排氨率的影响,制定更科学的投喂策略,采用实验生态学方法研究了3个摄食水平(2％、4％、6％)的哲罗(Hucho taimen)幼鱼摄食前后的排氨率.结果显示:摄食后,3个摄食水平的哲罗幼鱼的排氨率均迅速上升,到达最大值后再缓慢下降,最后恢复到各自的初始水平;3个摄食水平的哲罗幼鱼的排氨持续时间(DNR)为(17.0±0.30)、(18.0±0.50)、(19.0±0.60)h,排氨率峰值时间(TNR)为(7.0±0.00)、(7.0±0.20)、(8.0±0.60)h,二者均随着摄食水平的增加而延长;哲罗幼鱼平均排氨率(NRave)和最大排氨率(NRmax)与摄食水平(m)之间的拟合方程分别为:NRave=1.1917+0.1581 m(R2=0.9783,2.15％＜m＜6.36％);NRmax=1.2516+0.2595m(R2=0.9706,2.15％＜m＜6.36％).结果表明:哲罗幼鱼养殖过程中要适当的增加投喂次数和减少每次投喂量;伴随着摄食水平增加,哲罗幼鱼体内多余的氨基酸也会增加,外源性排泄也随之升高.

Ammonia excretion rates were determined in juvenile taimen Hucho taimen(Pallas) with body weight of(30.25±2.5)g at water temperatures of 11.5±0.5℃, 14.5±0.5℃, 17.5±0.5℃and 20.5±0.5℃in t satiation and fasting by an ecological method. The results showed that the ammonia excretion rate were all found to be increased firstly and then decreased in the satiated fish at the test temperatures, one peak at 14.5±0.5℃, 17.5±0.5℃, and 20.5±0.5℃and two peaks at 11.5±0.5℃, which might be due to a normal startup of the mechanical digestion with a lag for the biochemical digestion. The duration of ammonia excretion (DNR) was decreased as temperatures increased in both the satiated fish and fasten fish. In the starvation, the regression equation of ammonia excretion rate (NR) on the temperature(T) was expressed as NR=0.1427e0.0945t(R2=0.9567,11.5℃

Using the ecological method,the study measured the ammonia excretion rate of young taimen(Hucho taimen,Pallas) in satiation and starvation,at five weights(10.64±0.42 g,16.44±0.67 g,24.67±0.74 g,30.90±1.74 g,37.33±0.98 g).The results showed that,in satiation,the ammonia excretion rates at the five weights all increased drastically to the maximum,and then decreased slowly to the initial state.DNR and TNR were both prolonged as body weights increased.In starvation,the regression equation of ammonia excretion rate on the weight was NR= 4.323 6 w-0.555 9(R2 = 0.992 4,10.64 g < w < 37.33 g).In satiation,the regression equation of ammonia excretion rate on the weight was NR = 9.371 3 w-0.575 5(R2 =0.952 2,10.64 g < w<37.33 g).