北极红点鲑(Salvelinus alpinus)在鱼类分类学上隶属鲑形目、鲑科、红点鲑属,主要分布在加拿大、美国、瑞典、奥地利、芬兰、俄罗斯、挪威、英国等国家和地区,是生活在地球最北的淡水鱼,也是最寒冷地区的鱼. 北极红点鲑分为洄游型和陆封型两种,海河洄游型红点鲑为银色,且带有红斑点,可长到12kg左右;陆封型湖泊红点鲑则一般为绿色,并带有红色及白色的斑点,腹部为橙色,可长到3.6kg.

为提倡节水养殖,探索不同节水养殖水位对黄喉拟水龟生长性能的影响,以2龄黄喉拟水龟为试验对象,水温20.7～30.1℃时,采取单盒饲养法,设置350 mL(高水位)、260 mL(中水位)、110 mL(低水位)3个不同养殖水位,饲养7个月后测定生长指标和形态性状.试验结果表明,260 mL水位和350 mL水位组龟体质量显著高于110 mL水位组(P<0.05);260 mL水位和350 mL水位组龟背甲长、背甲高、腹甲长和甲桥长在试验后期均显著高于110 mL水位组(P<0.05),背甲宽显著小于110 mL水位组(P<0.05);260 mL水位组和350 mL水位组的扁平度在影响效果上显著低于110 mL水位组(P<0.05).由此可见,采用110 mL水位养殖黄喉拟水龟显著影响受试龟的体质量、形态性状和扁平度,宏观显现缺水情况下龟体生长适应调节机制,具有显著的节水效能;260 mL水位组兼顾了节水效能和生长优势;350 mL水位组仅具有显著的生长优势.从生长性能和节水效能角度考虑得出,260 mL养殖水位是黄喉拟水龟节水养殖的适宜水平.

为研究温度对黄缘闭壳龟受精卵孵化和稚龟表型特征的影响,采用恒温孵化法,设置3个孵育温度(26±0.5)、(28±0.5)、(30±0.5)℃,每个温度放置卵30个,检测孵化期、孵化率和孵化稚龟表型特征并进行统计分析.试验结果表明,28℃试验组的孵化成功率最高,达到93.3％,孵化期75 d,相对较短,所孵幼体的体质量和13个表型性状显著高于26℃试验组(P<0.05),有利于幼体的生长;依据孵化率高低、稚龟体质量和表型特征大小,28℃是黄缘闭壳龟在北京及周边地区孵化的适宜温度条件.因此,孵化温度显著影响龟卵孵化效果和稚龟表型特征,该试验结果对黄缘闭壳龟在京津冀地区的繁育孵化具有重要的参考价值.

在水温22.8～30.1℃下,2017年4月15日—10月15日,分3次测定体质量分别为20.10～47.03 g、30.61～70.22 g和34.52～88.57 g 3组2龄黄喉拟水龟的背甲长(x1)、背甲宽(x2)、背甲高(x3)、腹甲长(x4)、腹甲宽(x5)、甲桥长(x6)、喉盾宽(x7)、肱盾宽(x8)、胸盾宽(x9)、股盾宽(x10)、肛盾宽(x11)、喉盾缝长(x12)、肱盾缝长(x13)、胸盾缝长(x14)、腹盾缝长(x15)、股盾缝长(x16)、肛盾缝长(x17)18个形态性状,每个体质量组测定340只,通过相关分析、通径分析和回归分析,研究了形态性状对体质量(y)的影响.试验结果表明,20.10～47.03 g、30.61～70.22 g、34.52～88.57 g 3组中个体对体质量直接作用较大的形态性状分别为背甲长和背甲高、腹甲长、背甲长和喉盾缝长.利用逐步回归分析方法,以体质量为依变量(y),形态性状为自变量(x1～x17),建立了3组黄喉拟水龟的最优多元线性回归方程:y1=-48.209+7.557 x10+5.994 x3+4.553 x1,y2=-26.398+9.326 x4+9.510 x3,y3=-46.413+11.098 x1+40.039 x12.该研究结果为黄喉拟水龟良种选育提供了重要参考指标.

测量了安徽黄缘闭壳龟、台湾黄缘闭壳龟和黄喉拟水龟3种观赏稚龟的背甲长、背甲宽、腹甲长、腹甲宽、甲桥长、喉盾宽、肱盾宽、胸盾宽、股盾宽、肛盾宽、喉盾缝长、肱盾缝长、胸盾缝长、腹盾缝长、股盾缝长和肛盾缝长等形态性状,利用SPSS 16.0软件统计分析了所测数据,根据统计分析结果对3种观赏稚龟进行了聚类分析和判别分析.结果显示:(1)黄喉拟水龟稚龟腹甲除喉盾外每一块盾片内侧有黑斑,喉盾缝长与肱盾缝长相近,股盾缝长大于肛盾缝长;而安徽黄缘闭壳龟和台湾黄缘闭壳龟稚龟腹甲各盾片基本全覆盖黑斑,喉盾缝长大于肱盾缝长,股盾缝长小于肛盾缝长.与台湾黄缘闭壳龟相比,安徽黄缘闭壳龟的头部脸颊两侧和颈部更红,头部两侧黄带更艳,缘盾内侧及甲桥呈褐黄色甚至红色.(2)聚类分析结果显示,安徽黄缘闭壳龟和台湾黄缘闭壳龟先聚为一组,然后再与黄喉拟水龟聚为一组.(3)3种稚龟的判别公式为,安徽黄缘闭壳龟=2884 x3-1149 x4-928 x5-1194 x6-702 x10-954 x11-1780 x12-555 x13-724 x14+341 x15-2459,台湾黄缘闭壳龟=2735 x3-1016 x4-798 x5-986 x6-775 x10-926 x11-1991 x12-447 x13-731 x14+345 x15-2396,黄喉拟水龟=3085 x3-925 x4-745 x5-1511 x6-686 x10-849 x11-1722 x12-610 x13-625 x14+206 x15-2169.研究结果表明,聚类分析结果和判别分析结果相同,且与现有种属划分结果一致;腹面的腹甲宽/背甲长(x3)、甲桥长/背甲长(x4)、肱盾宽/背甲长(x6)、肱盾缝长/背甲长(x11)、胸盾缝长/背甲长(x12)等参数可作为鉴别上述3种观赏稚龟的主要客观依据.

为了探讨同一养殖品种在不同养殖环境下其营养成分的差异,从而为消费者或后续的加工开发提供思路,将半咸水、淡水养殖的硬头鳟[Oncorhynchus mykiss,体质量为122.78±3.87)g]肌肉营养成分进行了测定、分析和比较:半咸水养殖的硬头鳟肌肉中,水分含量较淡水养殖的高,但粗脂肪含量明显较淡水养殖的低(P<0.05),粗蛋白和灰分含量差异不显著;无机盐及微量元素方面,半咸水养殖硬头鳟的钙离子含量显著高于淡水养殖的硬头鳟(P<0.05),其余各离子含量差异不显著;半咸水、淡水养殖的硬头鳟肌肉中均含18种氨基酸,且在氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量、非必需氨基酸总量、鲜味氨基酸总量及半必须氨基酸总量上均无显著差异(P>0.05);半咸水和淡水养殖硬头鳟肌肉中测得主要脂肪酸种类分别为15种和22种,分别占脂肪酸总量的89.00％和91.02％,半咸水养殖硬头鳟的脂肪酸种类数量、脂肪酸含量均远低于淡水养殖的硬头鳟(P<0.05);淡水养殖硬头鳟的ω6/ω3为0.2,半咸水硬头鳟ω6/ω3为0.24,与其它鱼类的ω6/ω3的比例相符合.结果表明:同一种鱼类,由于养殖环境的差异,其水分、粗脂肪及无机盐甚至脂肪酸的种类和含量均会有很大的差别.

为了获得同时具有杂交及三倍体优势的鲑鳟鱼苗种,开展了利用6-二甲基氨基嘌呤(6-DMAP)诱导硬头鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)、溪红点鲑(Salvelinus fontinalis)正反杂交受精卵的实验.杂交结果,溪红点鲑(♀)×硬头鳟(♂)实验组卵子在受精10 min后全部死亡,而硬头鳟(♀)×溪红点鲑(♂)组的受精卵正常,可以进行6-DMAP三倍体诱导实验.6-DMAP诱导受精卵结果,起始诱导时间在12 ～ 15 min,受精卵的发眼率最高,为75.87％ ～ 76.64％,在5个起始诱导时间梯度内,受精卵的孵化率在86.44％ ～ 90.31％之间,苗种三倍体率在92.45％ ～ 95.55％之间,差异不显著(P＞0.05).诱导持续时间为10～ 15 min时,受精卵发眼率达到最高,为74.28％～ 76.81％,在5个诱导持续时间梯度内,受精卵孵化率在87.28％ ～ 90.24％之间,苗种三倍体率在93.67％ ～ 96.25％之间,变化不显著(P＞0.05).药物诱导浓度为120 ～ 150 mg/L时,受精卵的发眼率达到最高,为73.57％～76.27％,在5个不同的药物浓度梯度内,受精卵孵化率在88.57％～ 90.03％之间,苗种三倍体率在92.56％～96.38％之间,变化不显著(P＞0.05).结果表明,利用6-DMAP诱导受精卵制备杂交三倍体苗种的方法是可行的,实验最佳方法为硬头鳟(♀)×溪红点鲑(♂)卵子受精后12～15 min内,利用浓度为120～150 mg/L的6-DMAP溶液诱导,持续时间为10～15 min,然后放入孵化桶内正常孵化,获得苗种的三倍体率可达92.56％ ～ 96.38％,可满足正常生产的需要.

In order to get Albino rainbow trout strains with good productivity,a reciprocal-crossing experi-ment was carried out on Albino rainbow trout and steelhead trout,and the rate of growth,disease resistance were compared using hybrid progeny seedling and its parents.The results were as follows.The hybrids were of Albino rainbow trout’s color(golden).The eyed egg rate of fertilization eggs from steelhead trout♀×Albino rainbow trout♂was 59.47-81.22%,and that of the eggs from Albino rainbow trout♀×Steelhead trout♂was 76.91%-81.22%.The hatching rate of fertilization eggs of the four groups was 91.55%-94.25%.The average AGRs (Absolute growth rate) of steelhead trout selfing,steelhead trout♀×Albino rainbow trout♂,Albino rainbow trout♀×steelhead trout♂ and Albino rainbow trout selfing were 0.106,0.103,0.101 and 0.073 respectively. The AGRs of the two reciprocal hybrids were significantly higher than that of Albino rainbow trout selfing ( P<0.05) and lower than that of steelhead trout selfing,but there was no significant difference between the two re-ciprocal hybrids (P<0.05).After vibrio anguillarum infection,the mortality rates of steelhead trout selfing, steelhead trout♀×Albino rainbow trout♂,Albino rainbow trout♀×steelhead trout♂ and Albino rainbow trout selfing were 54.5%,60.8%,61.4%and 100%respectively.The infection experiment revealed:steelhead trout selfing had the highest resistance,the two reciprocal hybrids took the second place and significantly higher than Albino rainbow trout selfing( P<0.05) ,there was no significant difference between the two hybrids,Albino rain-bow trout had the lowest resistance.

Specific dynamic action (SDA), the metabolic phenomenon resulting from the digestion and assimilation of a meal, is generally influenced by body mass. The effects of ration level on SDA of taimen (Hucho taimen, Pallas) was evaluated, by measuring the temporal pattern of the oxygen consumption rates of taimen with meal size, 1/3 satiation, 2/3 satiation and satiation, after feeding, at 17.5 degrees C. With the approximate body mass but different meal size, both Peak VO2 and SDA had a tendency to increase with increased meal size. Factorial scope of peak Vo(2) and Duration had a tendency to increase with increased meal size.

Obj ective]The obj ective of this study is to investigate acute toxicity of ammonia nitrogen on Acipenserbaerii and to provide a scientific basis for the healthy development of culture of Acipenser baerii .[Method]Acute toxicity test was conducted to examine the effect of ammonia nitrogen on Aci-penserbaerii using the method of usual biological acute toxic test.[Results]The results showed that me-dian lethal concentrations (LC50 )of ammonia nitrogen were 413. 25,365. 40,289. 24,280. 94 mg/L at the time point of 24,48,72 and 96 h respectively under the environment of (20±0. 2)℃for water tem-perature,pH (7. 4±0. 1),and 5. 4~5. 8 mg/L of dissolved oxygen (DO),so that its safe concentration of ammonia nitrogen in water for Acipenserbaerii was 28. 1 mg/L.Similarly,median lethal concentration (LC50 )of molecular ammonia were determined to be 4. 04,3. 57,2. 83,2. 75 mg/L at the time point of 24,48,72 and 96 h,and safe concentration was 0. 28 mg/L.[Conclusion]The toxicity of ammonia ni-trogen to Acipenserbaerii is one of the constraint important factors in aquaculture.

美洲红点鲑(Salvelinu fontinalus)又名溪红点鲑、七彩鲑,隶属鲑形目鲑科红点鲑属,原产北美东北部,后引至北美洲其他地区及南美、欧洲、亚洲、非洲南部及大洋洲等地,是世界上著名的五种鲑鱼之一.美洲红点鲑在自然条件下喜欢在清冷的水域中生长,最适水温15℃左右,极限水温为1℃和25℃,对酸碱度的适应能力较强,pH值大约在4.0～9.8之间.美洲红点鲑的生命周期为4～6年,最多不超过15年,2～3年达到性成熟,雌鱼相对怀卵量4000～5000粒/kg,产卵季节集中在每年的9月份至12月份,并随地域不同略有变化.由于美洲红点鲑抗病力强,生长速度比虹鳟鱼快10％～20％,凡是养殖虹鳟的地区均可养殖,因此被认为是替代虹鳟鱼的理想品种,目前土耳其也在积极研究用美洲红点鲑替代虹鳟进行冷水鱼养殖.

<正>当外界盐度发生变化时,海洋动物通过渗透调节对外实现有机体与海水之间的水交换,对内实现细胞和组织之间的水分平衡。当外界海水盐度升高或降低时,动物即失水或涨水。借助于离子调节和细胞内游离氨基酸库的启动或关闭,动物体仍将有可能在变化了的外界海水盐度环境中获得新的渗透平衡。棘皮动物为狭盐性海洋生物,在盐度偏低或有淡水注入的半咸水中生存受到胁迫。盐度变化后,机体需要一定的时间来调节及适应以达到一个新的平衡,接近或超过盐度生态幅时则会出现死亡。刺参适宜的

10000尾体长2～4 cm的淡水蓝鲨苗种经过4个多月的工厂化养殖试验,养殖总成本支出113056元,收入144095元,共盈利31 039元,投入产出比为1:1.27.从养殖效益上看,淡水蓝鲨工厂化养殖具有低风险、高效益的特点,养殖前景广阔.

漠斑牙鲆又称南方鲆,鲽形目,牙鲆科,是美国在上世纪末开始进行海水养殖的新品种,其外型和牙鲆很相似,但肉质更细嫩,是深受市场欢迎的高档鱼类.漠斑牙鲆的养殖性能较佳,具有生长快(可以当年养成)、品质优、适应性广等特点,是世界上公认的优良养殖鱼类.该品种适温性广,能在0-34℃中生存.并且适盐性广,能在0-36‰水域中生存,可以在淡水、咸淡水及海水中进行养殖.由此可见该品种养殖具有广阔的发展前景.

总结了珍珠龙的工厂化养殖技术,并分析了其养殖经济效益.6500尾4-5 cm的珍珠龙鱼种经5个多月的试验养殖,驯化成活率为93.3%,总成本支出28.4万元,收入34.7万元,投入产出比为1:1.22,共盈利6.3万元.从养殖效益上看,珍珠龙的工厂化养殖具有低风险、高效益的特点,养殖前景广阔.

总结了细鳞斜颌鲴与奥尼罗非鱼的池塘混养技术,并分析了其混养经济效益。6.7亩试验池塘全年总成本支出6.19万元,收入8.04万元,投入产出比为1∶1.3,平均盈利2764.8元/亩。从经济效益上看,细鳞斜颌鲴与奥尼罗非鱼池塘混养具有低成本、高效益的特点。

<正>1陷眼症1.1主要症状龙鱼陷眼症又称为眼球陷落症,病鱼常显现眼球突起并下垂,或上半部突出,下半部凹进,形成眼球向下斜视。有的单眼下垂,有的双眼下垂。鱼体其他部位无症状,此病除影响龙鱼美观、降低价值外,不会引起死亡。

[Objective] The theoretical basis of the application of the Chinese herbal medicine as feed additive in perch-raising was provided. [Method] The design of single-factor gradient experiment,which was 4 treatments including the basic feed(Ⅰ),the doses of the basic feed added with 0.5%(Ⅱ),1.0%(Ⅲ) and 2.0%(Ⅳ) of compound Chinese herbal medicine for perch with the initial body-weight of(175.6±6.6)g for 25 days' raising,was adopted to determine its growth rate and analyze the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),malondialdehyde(MDA) and lysozyme in its growth(LSZ),and to test the effect of compound Chinese herbal medicine on perch growth and non-specific immunization of serum.[Results] The rate of weight-increasing of perch fed with the feed added with 1.0% of compound Chinese herbal medicine was highest among all of treatments,but there was not significant difference in rate of weight-increasing of perch among the treatments.The activity of SOD,lysozyme and catalase in the serum,spleen,liver and kidney of perch fed with the feed added with compound Chinese herbal medicine can be significantly improved and the biggest activity of those was produced by the treatment Ⅲ.It was indicated that the addition of compound Chinese herbal medicine in the feed could improve antioxidant capacity and non-specific immunity of perch,and may strengthen adaptability and the ability in the reaction to environmental stress of the fish.[Conclusion] The application of compound Chinese herbal medicine in the feed was able to strengthen the perch's immune function,so as to enhance the body's defenses to pathogens.

<正>凹头鲷,学名火鹤鱼(cichlasoma citrimettum),又名寿星鱼。隶属于慈鲷科,是原产于美洲的一种热水性鱼类,其营养丰富、味道鲜美,极具食用性;且该鱼体型优美,体色鲜艳多变,有橘黄色、橙红色和白色,具观赏价值,倍受人们的青睐,养殖前景广阔。项目组于2006～2008年在工厂化养殖车间成功进行了该鱼的商品鱼养殖,现将养殖技术总结如下,以供参考。

In the paper,attempts to develop simple,reliable and efficient methods for cryopreservation are reported.Different methods were used to preserve the sperm,such as,different extenders,cryop rotectants and itsconcentration,freezing rate,thawing rate,etc.The results indicated that using DMSO supplemented with 16% methanol as extender,five-step freezing procedure and 40℃ thawing water bath temperature was the best method [with motility of(35.2 ±4.5)%] for the cryopreservation of Brycon cephalus′ spermatoza.