2013-2015年,在广西柳城县开展南丰蜜橘水肥一体化施用试验,以传统施肥试验为对照,测定并分析不同配方的水肥一体化施用处理对南丰蜜橘果园施肥成本、土壤与叶片养分含量、果实产量和品质的影响.结果表明,处理1的综合成本最低为747.06元/667 m2,仅为CK的67.41％;处理2的综合成本最高为1 264.15元/667m2,比CK增加了14.06％;处理1和2的土壤全N全P全K含量明显偏低,有机质含量明显低于CK,但仍在适宜和较高含量水平,CK的全N全P在适宜范围内,全K稍偏低;处理组和CK叶片除P含量在适宜范围,Ca含量高于适宜范围外,N和K含量均偏低.处理1和处理2的Ca、Zn、Fe、Mn和B的含量均高于CK,但Mg含量以CK的最高;处理1和处理2的产量分别比CK提高了9.36％和12.61％;处理1果实较大,果皮较厚,完熟后比处理2和CK略早出现浮皮,可溶性固形物,全糖和酸含量也比处理2和CK略高,风味较浓.通过试验发现处理1的成本最低,产量较高,果实品质较优,既省肥省工省水,又提高了产量改善了品质,节本增效效果良好.

[目的]开展沙田柚施用花生麸试验,为改善和提高沙田柚果实品质提供参考依据.[方法]2011～2013年,在广西容县开展沙田柚施用花生麸试验,以不施用花生麸为对照(CK),测定施用花生麸的沙田柚果园土壤、叶片养分含量及果实产量和品质,分析花生麸不同施用量、施用时期和施用方法对沙田柚果实品质的影响.[结果]施用花生麸可使沙田柚果园土壤全N、有机质及有效Mn含量增加,使土壤pH降低;7月中旬开沟施用花生麸的处理1、2、3和淋施花生麸的处理4,其果实总糖含量分别比CK高19.50％、25.83％、24.60％和20.64％,7月下旬、8月中旬开沟施的处理5、6其果实总糖含量略低于CK;处理4的可滴定酸含量与CK相当,其余各处理均略高于CK;各处理维生素C(Vc)含量均高于CK;处理2、3和4的可溶性固性物含量分别为14.0％、13.6％和13.6％,分别比CK高0.93％、0.53％和0.53％(绝对值).[结论]沙田柚生产中于7月中旬在树盘开沟施入堆沤腐熟花生麸4.0～6.0 kg/株,或在7～9月淋施4次堆沤腐熟花生麸水,均可明显改善其果实品质.

【Objective】In order to promote healthy and rapid development of Fortunella margarita(Lour.) Swingle industry, the present experiment was conducted to screen ideal plant growth regulator for Fortunella margarita(Lour.)Swingle to promote fruit setting. 【Method】Gibberellin(GA3) of 30 m L/L was sprayed on tree canopy after 7 days of flower falling, followed by spraying 30 m L/L GA3+10 m L/L NAA(T1), 5 m L/L CTK+10 m L/L NAA(T2) and 1 m L/L TDZ(T3)once for an intervals of 7 and 14 days, respectively. The water was taken as the control to observe growth and development laws of fruit, and determine fruit-setting rate, yield and single fruit weight in every treatment. 【Result】The fruitsetting rate of Treatment 1 and 3 were above 20.00%, which were increased by 49.96% and 46.68% compared with the control, respectively. The fruit growth and development of T2 and T3 was faster. Compared with the control, their fruit transverse diameter was increased by 3.12 and 2.80 mm, respectively, and longitudinal diameter were increased by 3.66 and 1.97 mm, respectively. As for single fruit weight and yield, T2 and T3 presented significant promoting effects, their fruit yield per plant were increased by 13.5% and 11.6%, respectively, and the single fruit weight was increased by34. 0 % and 26. 9 %, respectively. 【 Conclusion 】 By spraying 30 m L / L GA3 on Fortunella margarita tree canopy after 7days of flower falling and 30 m L/L GA3+10 m L/L NAA once at 7-day and 14-day intervals, respectively, can effectively enhance fruit yield and economic benefits, and can be extended and applied in production.

近10年来,随着避雨避寒栽培技术的应用,经济效益的显著提高,阳朔金柑发展迅速.但迅猛发展导致阳朔金柑产业面临面积和产量快速增加,市场压力显现、果实品质差异大、生产成本快速上升、提早催熟影响果实品质、过度开发陡峭山地引发局部水土流失、深加工能力明显不足、包装混乱、品牌意识不强、交易市场不堪重负等问题.为此,提出了相应的对策:发展重点应由重数量轻质量向提质增效转变、拓展早熟金柑市场、出台优惠政策培育金柑果品加工企业、控制陡峭山地开发、扶持金柑专业合作社发展、尽快扩建交易市场.

In the fruit ripping time from January to March,samples of Shatangju fruit from both covering film and un-covering film had been taken to analyze the quality.The results showed that Shatangju peel had been keeping orange red color after covering film,while the Shatangju peel of uncovering film was orange red color in the early,then it changed to orange yellow color and the color was dark in the late.The acid content of the fruit on film-covered showed a rising trend in the beginning 20 days,and highest was 0.31% on January 28.It rapid felled below the con-trast level in the following 10 days and lowest was on February 7.It rose above the contrast level in the following 20 days.Then it felled to 0.19% on March 15.The acid content of the contrast fruit was obvious downward trend.The highest of acid content was 0.26% on January 7 and lowest was 0.08% on March 15.The acid content of covering film was higher than the contrast in the most time.The TSS content of the fruit on film-covered was rising from 12.33% on January 17 to 13.40% on March 15,increased by 1.07%.It showed an increasing tendency overall.But the TSS content of the contrast was falling from 10.70% on January 17 to 9.90% on March 15,fell by 0.80%.It was downward trend overall.

【目的】观测桂柚1号果实生长发育规律,为制定其栽培管理技术措施提供科学依据。【方法】田间观察桂柚1号开花期及果实成熟期,每10 d用游标卡尺测量果实纵、横径,用Origin 6.0软件进行数据分析并绘制生长曲线和增长率曲线图。【结果】桂柚1号初花期在4月上中旬,盛花期在4月中下旬,谢花期在4月下旬～5月上旬,果实成熟期在10月下旬～11月上中旬;果实生长曲线呈大S形,果径的生长曲线前期上升较慢,中期上升较快,达到高峰后逐渐趋于平缓;2011年5月横径和纵径的增长率分别为50.61%和65.22%,6月的增长率分别为96.83%和116.79%,7月的分别为70.34%和58.09%;2012年5月20～30日横径和纵径的增长率分别为36.53%和41.32%,6月的增长率分别为59.05%和62.65%,7月分别为16.04%和12.59%,8月以后,纵、横径增长减缓,增长率下降至10.00%以下。【结论】桂柚1号果实的整个生长发育分4个时期,即缓慢增长期、迅速增长期、平缓增长期和停止增长期;纵、横径生长高峰出现在5～7月,其中6月是生长最快的时期。

Objective The genetic diversities of Shatian pummelo(Citrus grandis L.) were identified and classified in order to provide references for future usage.Method Out of the 64 selected pairs of AFLP primer combination,12 pummelos materials were carefully classified and analyzed.Result From the 64 primers,12 pairs of AFLP primer combinations were screened out.The 12 tested materials were amplified with 399 clear bands,in which each pair of primers amplified 25 to 49 bands;the average number of amplified bands for each pair of primers was 33.25.The polymorphic band number was 91,and the polymorphism ratio was 22.8%.The similarity coefficients of the tested materials were between 0.752 and 0.956.The AFLP identification results showed that similarity coefficient of Guiyou 1 with Shatian pomelo was 0.956,and the similarity coefficients of early-ripening Shatian pomelo and Shatian pomelo was 0.920.The two pomelo varieties,early-ripening sour pomelo and Fujian sour pomelo,were distantly related to other pomelo varieties.Using the similarity coefficient threshold of 0.83,the 12 tested pomelo materials were divided into 5 groups.Conclusion The AFLP molecular marker technology could successfully separate the 12 tested pomelo materials.Early-ripening Shatian pomelo and Guiyou 1 were different from the other pomelo variations,and could be directly exploited as variety resources.

Fruit drop,fruit quality and soil moisture were studied using kumquat trees with on-tree stored fruit.Trees were either covered with plastic film or uncovered.The results showed that the soil moisture under film-covered trees was lower and stable,and the fruit were protected by film from exposed to rain and cold and had less fruit drop and fruit crack.From December and March,the TSS and total sugar content of the fruit on film-covered kumquat trees were stable;the titratable acid content was kept at a low level before mid-March;fruit had a higher solid/acid and sugar/acid ratios with richer flavor and good quality.After mid-March,on-tree storage should be discontinued since fruit flavor tended to deteriorate and peel began to soften.

Nutrient element in leaf of Guicheng No.1 was analyzed.The data were compared with appropriateness criteria of nutrient elements in leaf of sweet orange.The results showed that,nitrogen content in leaf of June,July and November were overdose in this orchard,other months were on the high side;potassium content were on the high side in June,July,August and November,other months were in suitable level;the content of P,Mg,B were in suitable level;the content of Ca were deficient all the year.

[Objective]Flower bud differentiation and morphology of Barnfield navel orange in Guilin were observed and regulated in order to provide references for improving yield and quality of Barnfield navel orange. [Method]Flower bud was fixed with improved FAA, dyed with Heidenhain's hematoxylin, dissected with routine paraffin section, and lastly observed through microscope. [Result]The results indicated that floral primordia began differentiating in early December, and peaked in late December of the first year and early January of the second year. Sepal primordia came out in mid December, peaked in next mid and late January. Petal primordia came out in next mid January and stamen primordia began differentiating in next mid and late January and peaked in next mid and late February. [Conclusion]Flower bud differentiation process in Barnfield navel orange could be divided into 6 periods viz., undifferentiation period, initial period, sepal differentiation period, petal differentiation period, stamen differentiation period and pistil differentiation period, all of which had different duration and overlapped with each other.

在阳朔县开展了金柑倒U形竹木结构架式盖膜避雨避寒栽培效果的研究.结果表明,在果实成熟期间给树冠覆盖薄膜,可避免金柑果实因霜冻、降雨造成的裂果和掉果,不盖膜对照树裂果烂果率高达52.7％～57.4％；果实留树贮藏至翌年3月,9～10年生树盖膜处理的产量是不盖膜对照的12倍以上；3月采果时,盖膜处理与对照的果实品质均良好且差异不大,甜酸适中,化渣,味浓,盖膜处理的可溶性固形物含量有增高趋势;树冠盖膜的9～10年生金柑树,每667 m2经济效益提高10926.35元.金柑避雨避寒栽培的保果、保质及提高经济效益的效果非常明显.

2010年对"桂橙一号"果实生长发育进行定期田间观察研究,以揭示其落花落果规律,为其保花保果生产栽培提供依据。结果表明:果实的纵横径净增长量在整个果实发育过程呈"S"曲线增长,落花时间集中在4月上旬;4月20～25日为第一次生理落果高峰期;5月20～25日为第二次生理落果高峰期。果实膨大是先纵径后横径交替进行,9月以后,纵横径增长速度逐渐下降,随着果实的逐步成熟沿时间正轴方向向该品种固有特性发展。

The phenophase,the bearing fruit ability,the fruit character and the resistance of Guicheng No.1 of new citrus cultivar was observed in various experiment sites.The result indicated that the hereditary change of Guicheng No.1 is stable in paddy field and arid land no matter the rootstocks is Zhike or its interstocks are Kiyomi、Navel Oranges、Ponkan or the rootstocks is Suanju and its interstocks is Kiyomi.

Guangxi was one of original areas of citrus,and owned rich citrus germplasm resources.To analyze the genetic diversity of citrus varieties and classify the citrus varieties of Guangxi,8 pairs of AFLP amplified primers combination were selected.377 visible AFLP bands were observed,of which 245 bands were polymorphic,accounting for 65.0 %.Citrus varieties could be classified into 5 taxa at which the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.92.Genetic similarity coefficient among the test material ranged from 0.75 to 1.42.Phenetic tree based on genetic similarity coefficient(UPGMA,N-J) was similar to the taxa using traditional methods.The results showed that the genetic diversity of citrus germplasm resources was high in Guangxi,the genetic similarity coefficient between pummelo varieties ranged from 0.93 to 0.97,the genetic relationship among sweet oranges was very near.

2009年农村推广站对"桂橙一号"的果实生长发育规律进行了观察研究.结果表明,"桂橙一号"果实纵横径总体呈抛物线生长,果实纵、横径净生长量在整个生长过程中均出现三次生长高峰:第一次生长高峰期,纵横径:5月10～30日;第二次生长高峰期,纵径:7月10～30日,横径:7月10日～8月10日;第三次生长高峰期,纵径:9月10～30日,横径:8月30～9月30日;进入8月由于高温干旱果实生长缓慢,9月10日后气温开始下降,横径比纵径提前10 d进入生长高峰期.至10月30日以后纵横径生长趋于缓慢,完全着色前仍未停止生长.

Guiqi No.1 navel orange is a high-quality bud mutation selected from Newhall navel orange cultivar.Its average fruit weighs 272.5 g.Its fruit shape is elliptic,and fruit homogeneity is good.Its shape index of fruit is average 1.2.Its edible rate is 73.6%.Its flesh is sweet and delicious,containing soluble solids of 12.29%,total sugar of 9.97%,acidity of 0.64%.The trees are productive with good adaptability.The fruit matures in early December,and its storability is good.

A variant of pomelo variety was found in Gongcheng county in Guangxi in 2005.After self-pollination,it was found to fruit well with good and genetically stable characteristics throughout the four year of identification and asexual propagation,and it was named affter Guiyou 1.The multiple regional trials showed that it had excellent characteristics such as self-pollination,high quality,strong adaptability,high and stable yield.The self-fruitful rate of Guiyou 1 was 5.43%-8.74%.The fruits were pyriform with big and apparent oil glands,slight concave apex and with areole ring,good in appearance and quality.The maturity period of fruits was the October end.The pericarp color of fruits was orange-yellow.The single fruit weight was 1028.4-1060.5 g with 12-15 petals and 99.5-110.5 seeds in each fruit.The contents of total sugars,invert sugar,reducing sugar,citric acid,soluble solids,vitamin C in pomelo juice were found to be 9.44-11.05 g/100mL,9.82-11.53 g/100mL,2.00-2.15 g/100mL,0.25-0.32 g/100mL,12.3-14.0% and 82.74-97.97 g/100mL,respectively.

[Objective] The law of shimian navel oranges′ flower and fruit-dropping was found out through the observation in 2008 and 2009.[Method] The number of bud and flower-dropping,the first and second physiological fruit-dropping was recorded daily and the number of fruit-dropping caused by navel yellow or cracking fruit was calculated in the interval of 15 days after its fruiting stage.[Results] The start time and the peak of shimian navel oranges′ flower and fruit-dropping was different in different years.The peak of shimian navel oranges′ bud and flower-dropping usually appeared in the 4-5 day after its dropping and in 2008,it was concentrated in the middle of April and in 2009,in the last ten-day of March and the early of April.The first physiological fruit-dropping lasted for 32 days from April 21 to late May,which peak was in early May.The 2nd physiological fruit-dropping appeared in the middle May when it was the 15th～20th day after the first physiological fruit-dropping,which peak occurred in late May.The duration of fruit-dropping was different in different years.[Conclusion] The bud and flower-dropping rate was 93.4%,the first physiological fruit-dropping rate was 5.8%,the 2nd physiological fruit-dropping rate was 0.8%;and the rate of fruit-setting was 0.48%,the rate of navel yellow was 57.6%,the rate of cracking fruit was 18.5%.

选用对地下害虫防治效果显著的药剂,进行柑桔地粉蚧防治试验.结果表明,48%毒死蜱乳油和20%好年冬乳油原液可以有效控制柑桔地粉蚧.通过试验观察,也初步确定了柑桔地粉蚧的最佳防治时期为5月中旬和6月下旬.