2017～2018年,进行了百农乐、希翠和绿颖3种矿物油在W·默科特转色前喷施对果实品质及叶片持留量影响试验.结果表明:3种矿物油在采果前连续喷施150倍液2次,对其果实大小、重量、着色等基本无影响,对果实品质指标(可溶性固性物、全糖、维生素C、柠檬酸、还原性糖、蔗糖、糖酸比、固酸比)有一定影响,但对果实风味影响不大;喷施4个月后在柑橘叶片持留量以绿颖最高(油斑叶率66.67％),希翠次之(油斑叶率10.40％),百农乐无油斑.

在2016年8月至2017年7月分别在桂橙一号的秋梢期和幼果期进行了矿物油混用氢氧化铜防治橘桔溃疡病田间药效试验.97％矿物油(百农乐(R))300倍液+58.3％氢氧化铜WG(志信2000(R))1 000倍液、53.8％氢氧化铜水分散剂(志信2000(R))1 000倍液防治其秋梢溃疡病,病叶率、防治效果分别为13.05％、83.18％和54.01％、4.87％;同样处理防治果溃疡病,病果率、防治效果分别为2.47％、77.33％和12.62％、8.24％;试验表明:97％矿物油(百农乐(R))可以显著提高氢氧化铜WG(志信2000(R))对柑橘溃疡病的防治效果,有效控制桂橙一号柑橘溃疡病危害.

在2016年8～9月甜橙秋梢期进行了矿物油农用增效助剂混用氢氧化铜防治柑橘溃疡病田间试验.结果表明,97％矿物油增效助剂(百农乐)300倍液+58.3％氢氧化铜水分散剂(志信2000)1000倍液、单独喷施58.3％氢氧化铜水分散剂1000倍液和空白对照区的病叶率、病情指数分别为13.05％、2.97,54.01％、16.8和46.09％、17.66.97％矿物油增效助剂300倍液+58.3％氢氧化铜水分散剂1000倍液和单独喷施58.3％氢氧化铜水分散剂1000倍液的防治效果分别为83.18％和4.87％.97％矿物油增效助剂可以显著提高氢氧化铜对柑橘溃疡病的防治效果,保护新梢免受病菌感染危害.

广西特色作物研究院建院50年来科研成果丰硕,一批经过该院科研攻关、代表该院科技水平的重大科研成果在政府专项资金的支持下,通过科研、培训、推广三位一体结合模式,实现了科研与农业产业、农业生产之间的衔接与配套,加快了科研成果转化促进了广西柑橘产业可持续发展.

This paper focuses on the observation and study of the phenophase,the growth characteristics,the fruit quality and resistance of the new citrus varieties Guicheng No.1 planted in Guangxi Guilin.The results showed that,Guicheng No.1 planted in Guangxi Guilin keep the new varieties,s good characteristic.the cultivation techniques were introduced.

The phenophase,the bearing fruit ability,the fruit character and the resistance of Guicheng No.1 of new citrus cultivar was observed in various experiment sites.The result indicated that the hereditary change of Guicheng No.1 is stable in paddy field and arid land no matter the rootstocks is Zhike or its interstocks are Kiyomi、Navel Oranges、Ponkan or the rootstocks is Suanju and its interstocks is Kiyomi.

2010年对"桂橙一号"果实生长发育进行定期田间观察研究,以揭示其落花落果规律,为其保花保果生产栽培提供依据。结果表明:果实的纵横径净增长量在整个果实发育过程呈"S"曲线增长,落花时间集中在4月上旬;4月20～25日为第一次生理落果高峰期;5月20～25日为第二次生理落果高峰期。果实膨大是先纵径后横径交替进行,9月以后,纵横径增长速度逐渐下降,随着果实的逐步成熟沿时间正轴方向向该品种固有特性发展。

Guiqi No.1 navel orange is a high-quality bud mutation selected from Newhall navel orange cultivar.Its average fruit weighs 272.5 g.Its fruit shape is elliptic,and fruit homogeneity is good.Its shape index of fruit is average 1.2.Its edible rate is 73.6%.Its flesh is sweet and delicious,containing soluble solids of 12.29%,total sugar of 9.97%,acidity of 0.64%.The trees are productive with good adaptability.The fruit matures in early December,and its storability is good.

In order to verify the prevention and control effects of two different kinds of citrus huanglongbing integrated control theories guidance on citrus psyllid and huanglongbing,large-scale comparative test was carried out in 2006—2008 in Liangfeng farms of Guilin.The results showed that citrus psyllid was never been observed in citrus Huanglongbing integrated preventing areas which focus on controlling psyllid.Three-year cumulative incidence rate is 1.71%and the annual average incidence rate is 0.57%in 8-year-old disease-free seedlings planting area,reduced by 19.41%and 6.47%to comparative areas respectively while three-year cumulative incidence rate is 1.35%and the annual average incidence rate is 0.45%in 6-year-old conventional grafting seedling planting area,respectively,reduced by 8.31%and 2.77%to the contrast area respectively.Citrus psyllid was observed in traditional huanglongbing integrated control areas(contrast area)every year.3-year cumulative huanglongbing strain rate is as high as 21.12%and the average annual 7.04%in 8-year-old disease-free seedlings planting area.Three-year cumulative strain rate reached by 9.66%,with an annual 3.22%in 6-year-old conventional grafting seedling planting area.

The author did a migratory simulation experiment affecting the citrus Psyllid aim to investigate whether cutting or pruning diseased trees will affect the orchard on both sides of the road or near the village storing the branches in the process of short-distance transportation of the branches, other than driving the Psyllid to the healthy trees nearby under the condition of failing to kill the citrus Psyllid effectively. The result shows that when cutting the trees with disease in winter, the flying-away rate of adult Psylla is 30.2% . However, pruning branches in winter and after dragging the branches some distance away and then throw them into the vehicle, the Psyllid adult migratory rate was only 47.4% while in autumn the rate is 31.8% and summer, 44.8%. The adult Psyllid citrus will fly away completely until the leaves dry and fall off from the tree. The lower the temperature, the lower the flying-away rate. Transporting the branches with disease in short distance will affect the orchard on both sides of the road and the orchard near the village storing the branches. Therefore, before cutting or digging diseased trees, the citrus Psyllid should be killed thoroughly.

<正>广西融安县是我国金桔主产县之一,融安金桔主要产区是大将、板榄、雅瑶、大坡等乡镇,金桔已成为该县的传统名优水果。据调查,1977年全县种植面积仅为533 hm2,现有种植面积已达4 133 hm2,总产量达40 000 t。

The flavor of Guicheng No.1(Citrus sinensis(L.) mature fruit is of rich flavor.This study was to clarify the possible parents of Guicheng No.1 via ploidy analysis,morphological markers,and molecular markers including amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP),sequence-specific amplification polymorphism(SSAP).Ploidy analysis confirmed that ‘Guicheng No.1 was a diploid.There were significant difference in the phylliform index,the stoma density and stomatal longitudinal diameter between Guicheng No.1 and ‘Bingtang’sweet orange,but was not in the transverse diameter.In morphology,the phylliform of‘Guicheng No.1 was almost elliptical,with higher stoma density and different stoma size.SSAP analysis indicated that polymorphism locus existed between Guicheng No.1 and‘Bingtang’sweet orange.We have found the fragment with polymorphisms and sequenced it.The results showed that a piece of DNA 102 bp in length had 87% of homologous to the CTV resistance gene according to the genbank data.It suggested that Guicheng No.1 should be distinct from ‘Bingtang’sweet orange.It was a mutant and can be used as a new cultivar.

对广西柑桔产区柑桔木虱越冬成虫种群数量动态进行观察,了解其活动规律。结果表明,在冬春季柑桔木虱越冬成虫能在不同植株之间活动,特别是在气温>8℃时,活动更明显;柑桔木虱越冬成虫种群数量与气温关系密切,遇到低于0℃或日平均气温低于8℃持续5天以上时,越冬成虫数量会减少。九里香春梢萌芽期开始后,越冬成虫快速减少。因此,笔者认为冬季防治柑桔木虱的时间,宜在2月下旬以前(柑桔嫩梢萌芽前)进行,结合冬季清园,在柑桔木虱越冬成虫产卵之前及时喷药杀灭,最大限度地减少越冬虫口基数。

The highest trapping rate month of citrus psylla with Yellow Trap is July.The highest rate is 90.52%,the lowest rate is 6.13%,the average rate is 55.82%.In August,the highest rate is 38.66%,the lowest rate 3.90%,the average rate 19.75%.In November,the highest rate 9.52%,the lowest rate 0,the average rate is 4.36% .Trapping rate has significant positive correlation with daily mean temperature,daily maximum temperature and daily minimum temperature.The higher the temperature the higher the trapping rate.However,the trapping rate has negative correlation with the days after hanging yellow glue board.The trapping rate of citrus psylla with yellow glue board is lower,and can not be used as control tool.Using average daily sunshine hours x 1,average daily temperatures x 2,average daily maximum temperature x 3,average daily minimum temperaturex 4,average daily rainfallx 5,daily rainfall daysx 6,hoisted yellow plate number of daysx 7 as independent variables,and the trapping rate of arcsine square root of the substitution value dependent variable.Employing stepwise regression analysis to establish mathematical model:Trapping ratey =-20.5213 +10.6752x 2-3.4696x 3-4.9768x 4-0.1259x 5-0.3897x 7,R =0.7851.Whether it can be used as a monitoring tool for field populations still need to be further studied.

<正>夏橙于次年的春、夏季成熟,是重要的淡季水果,鲜果供应期长,品质优,是鲜食和加工制汁兼用的优良品种,果实经济效益高,市场前景广阔。为此,笔者于2004年从中国农业科学院柑桔研究所引进了德尔塔和露德红夏橙,经过5年多的引种观察,现将试种表现及其栽培技术要点总结如下。

2008年1月13日至2月20日,广西壮族自治区桂林市(北纬25°以北)遭遇连续39天的低温冰冻灾害天气,在桂林市东区的4个定点观察区调查显示,有两个观察区的柑桔木虱死亡率达到100%,另外两个观察区的柑桔木虱死亡率分别为99.89%和99.92%,平均死亡率达到99.93%。残存活虫观察区的种群数量3个月即得到恢复;已达100%死亡率的两个观察区,当年没有调查到柑桔木虱,但在次年6月虫口已达3头/m绿化带和8头/株,这些虫源可能由其他地方迁飞来。

The main reason for the outbreak of Huanglongbing(HLB) is that the Diaphorina citric Kuwayama hasn’t been well controlled. Figuring out the annual population dynamics of Diaphorina Citri Kuwayama is the basis to effectively control Diaphorina citri Kuwayama and Huanglongbing. According to a six-year systemic investigation,we found that October to December is the peak time for population of Diaphorina citric Kuwayama,and followed by September,January and May respectively. The Huanglongbing's incidence rate of next year is markedly positive correlated with the Diaphorina citri Kuwayama quantity of September to December.

Guicheng No.1 is a high-quality bud mutation selected from Bingtangcheng sweet orange cultivar,Fruit mature in late-November, is uniform, with an average fruit weigh of 154 g. Its edible rate is 75.66%. Flesh is very juicy, with a sweet delicious taste, containing a soluble solids content of 14.6%, total sugar of 12.47%, acidity of 0.38%. Its storability is good. The trees are hardy, high cropping and resistant to diseases.

板栗是山区经济林果的主要树种之一,广西种植面积达80 000 hm2左右.在实际生产中,常常因为大面积种植同一品种,而引起空苞多、结实率低现象,导致板栗种植产量低、效益低.由于板栗树是同株异花植物,同一品种的雄花粉授在雌花上,结实率低,而不同品种的雄花粉授予雌花上,则结实率较高.因此,在生产中如何搭配板栗授粉树种植,是提高板栗产量的关键措施之一.笔者对此做了2 a试验观察,现将观察情况总结如下.

夏橙是不耐低温柑桔品种,当气温在-1℃以下持续24h以上,或者当气温在-3℃以下持续12h以上的冰冻天气时,对夏橙果树的叶、果产生不同程度冻害.