Soluble sugars are key determinants of fruit quality, directly influencing sensory attributes such as sweetness and flavor, as well as nutritional value and texture. Their content and composition are precisely regulated by sugar-metabolizing enzymes. Key enzymes, including invertase (INV), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SUS), fructokinase (FRK), and hexokinase (HXK), play pivotal roles in these processes. However, a systematic and in-depth analysis of their regulatory mechanisms is currently lacking, which hinders a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory network governing fruit sugar metabolism. This review employs bibliometric analysis to systematically examine research trends in fruit sugar metabolism. Furthermore, it synthesizes recent advances in the coordinated regulatory mechanisms from the perspectives of transcriptional regulation, epigenetic modifications, and signal transduction, aiming to provide a clearer framework for future research. At the transcriptional level, transcription factor families such as MYB, WRKY, NAC, and MADS-box achieve precise regulation of sugar metabolism-related genes by specifically binding to the promoters of their target genes. Regarding epigenetic regulation, mechanisms including histone modifications, non-coding RNAs, and DNA methylation influence the expression of sugar-metabolizing enzymes at the post-transcriptional level by modulating chromatin accessibility or mRNA stability. Signaling pathways integrate hormonal signals (e.g., ABA, ethylene), environmental signals (e.g., temperature, light), and sugar-derived signals into the regulatory network, forming complex feedback mechanisms. These regulatory mechanisms not only directly affect sugar accumulation in fruits but also participate in fruit quality formation by modulating processes such as cell turgor pressure and carbon allocation. By integrating recent findings on transcriptional regulation, epigenetics, and signaling pathways, this review provides a theoretical foundation for fruit quality improvement and targeted breeding.

Background/Objectives: Mango, which is known as the “King of Tropical Fruits”, is an evergreen plant belonging to the Anacardiaceae family. It belongs to the genus Mangifera, which comprises 69 species of plants found in tropical and subtropical regions, including India, Indonesia, the Malay Peninsula, Thailand, and South China. However, research on the structural information of complete chloroplast genomes of Mangifera is limited. Methods: The rapid advancement of high-throughput sequencing technology enables the acquisition of the entire chloroplast (cp) genome sequence, providing a molecular foundation for phylogenetic research. This work sequenced the chloroplast genomes of six Mangifera samples, performed a comparative analysis of the cp genomes, and investigated the evolutionary relationships within the Mangifera genus. Results: All six Mangifera samples showed a single circular molecule with a quadripartite structure, ranging from 157,604 bp to 158,889 bp in length. The number of RNA editing sites ranged from 60 to 61, with ndhB exhibiting the highest number of RNA editing sites across all species. Seven genes—namely, atpB, cemA, clpP, ndhD, petB, petD, and ycf15—exhibited a Ka/Ks value > 1, suggesting they may be under positive selection. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Mangifera siamensis showed a close relationship between Mangifera indica and Mangifera sylvatica. Conclusions: Our comprehensive analysis of the whole cp genomes of the five Mangifera species offers significant insights regarding their phylogenetic reconstruction. Moreover, it elucidates the evolutionary processes of the cp genome within the Mangifera genus.

The genetic diversity of mango (Mangifera indica L.) was determined among 188 mango accessions using 40 SSR markers. A total of 303 alleles were discovered, with a mean value of 7.58 and an average PIC of 0.583, showing that the SSR markers utilized in this investigation was quite informative. High Shannon’s index (1.304) and He (0.624) reflected the high genetic diversity of Chinese mango genetic resources. PCoA analysis and phenogram analysis divided the accessions broadly into groups representing their geographical origins and suggested a clear separation between M. indica and M. persiciformis. This expanded awareness of the genetic diversity of mango germplasm would aid breeders in choosing better parents, hence accelerating the delivery of improved cultivars to industry in order to satisfy consumer demand.

'桂热芒4号'是从'泰国芒14号'('Okrong')实生后代选出的优质芒果新品种.在广西南宁、百色及贵州兴义为3月中旬至4月中旬开花,果实分别于7月上旬、8月上旬成熟.果实宽卵形,果皮绿色,单果重256～400g;后熟果皮黄色,果肉黄色、致密、细滑,多汁,纤维极少,味蜜甜、芳香,果实可食率73.70％,可溶性固形物18.50％、总糖16.50％、总酸0.18％、维生素C含量15.40mg/100g,鲜食品质好.该品种早结丰产,果实外观好、大小适中、香气较浓,较耐低温阴雨,抗细菌性角斑病和炭疽病,适合在广西南部、右江河谷地带和贵州省南北盘江河谷地带及类似生态区推广种植.

广西是中国重要的芒果(Mangifera indica L.)生产基地.本文通过分析近年来中国及广西芒果产业相关数据,总结中国和广西芒果产业发展现状;从科技投入、产业化经营、产品质量安全及市场掌控等方面分析广西芒果产业发展过程中存在的问题;最后有针对性地提出广西芒果产业的发展策略,以期为广西乃至全国芒果产业高质量发展提供参考依据.

丰富的种质资源是杧果新品种选育和产业发展的基础.为保护和利用杧果种质资源,本研究利用课题组前期开发的 TP-M13-SSR 标记对杧果种质资源保护广西创新基地圃内保存的 145 份杧果地方品种、育成品种及其近缘野生种进行遗传多样性分析和分子身份证构建.结果表明:12 对引物的平均观测等位基因数为 3.2838、平均观察杂合度(Ho)为 0.5858、平均期望杂合度(He)为 0.6725、平均Shannon指数(I)为 1.3383、平均Nei基因多样性指数(Na)为 0.6702、多态信息含量(PIC)分布范围在 0.5036～0.7827 之间,平均值为 0.6396,所有引物为高度多态性位点,说明TP-M13-SSR荧光引物可以为杧果的遗传多样性分析提供研究数据;145 份材料的遗传相似性系数变化范围为 0.5676～1.000,平均为0.7417,其中爱文与印度杧 1 号遗传相似性系数为 1.000,扁桃杧田阳 20-2 与大头香杧、扁桃杧田阳 20-2 与硕帅杧、金煌杧与桂热杧 10-1 的遗传相似性系数最小,均为 0.5676;在遗传相似性系数为 0.7060 时,145 份种质分为 2 个类群,I类群包括 108 份杧果和 20 份扁桃,种质数量最多,占总数的 88.9%,Ⅱ类群包括 17 份材料,全部为扁桃.在遗传相似性系数为 0.7330 时,I类群可进一步分为 5 个亚群,其中I-1 和I-3 亚群种质数量最多,占所有杧果的 91.92%,UPGMA聚类分析表明扁桃未严格按照种属关系聚在一起,杧果的整体聚类结果与其地理来源基本一致;对 145 份材料的扩增产物进行SSR荧光标记毛细管电泳检测获得指纹图谱,采用数字和字母相结合的编码方式获得分子身份证,通过分子身份证进行种质鉴定,每一对引物可平均区分 12.4 份种质,鉴定率明显高于前人研究,表明TP-M13-SSR检测技术比目前广泛采用的变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测技术在杧果种质鉴定上更具优势.本研究结果为杧果及其近缘种种质资源的收集整理和新品种的选育提供科学依据.

应用CDDP和SRAP分子标记技术对35个杧果品种进行遗传多样性分析,统计遗传多样性信息数据,并进行聚类分析和主成分分析.结果表明,12条CDDP引物和12对SRAP引物组合分别扩增得到条带263条和243条.其中多态性条带数分别为250条和230条,多态性条带比率分别为95.45％和94.61％,有效等位基因数分别为1.59和1.62,Nei's基因多样性分别为0.32和0.24,Shannon信息指数分别为0.55和0.46,多态性信息含量分别为0.60和0.59,遗传相似系数变化范围分别为0.64～0.96和0.64～0.92,平均遗传相似系数分别为0.80和0.78,CDDP结合SRAP标记遗传相似系数变化范围为0.62～0.94,平均遗传相似系数为0.78.CDDP标记、SRAP标记以及CDDP结合SRAP标记分别在遗传相似系数为0.709 5、0.694 7以及0.685 0处可以将35个杧果品种分别分为3类、3类和5类,说明两种标记结合分析能够更加详细地解释杧果品种间的亲缘关系.而主成分分析结果和聚类分析结果有相似之处,但也有很大不同.

Mango is an evergreen plant belonging to the genus Mangifera of the Anacardiaceae family. Genus Mangifera has 69 species of Mangifera around the world that are mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical countries, including India, Indonesia, the Malay Peninsula, Thailand, and South China. It is a popular tropical fruit known as the “King of Tropical Fruits”. However, the study of the structure information of the complete chloroplast genome of Mangifera was microscopic, there was no report about the comparison of SSR, Ka/Ks, codons analysis and RNA editing, so in this study, we sequenced the 6 Mangifera samples and used three different ways to analyze the relationship of 6 species of Mangifera . Then we got some results, through the RNA editing and Ka/Ks calculating, we found the species could be divided into two groups, and the difference between the two groups was protein-coding gene ccsA . Moreover, all RNA editing occurred conversion of C to T and the gene ndhB had the most RNA editing sites in all species. In Ka/Ks analysis, the gene atp B, cem A, clp P, ndh D, pet D, pet B and ycf 15 would be suffered from the positive selection after divergence. We also find the IR regions in these seven samples were very conservation through IR contraction and expansion and Sequence Divergence Analysis. Finally, we tried to confirm the relationship between 7 samples of Mangifera in Angiosperms in 3 different ways. Then we got that ML210 and MP090 had a closer relationship than others, MS796 had a closer relationship with ML210 and MP090 than others. At the same time, the method of phylogenetic analysis based on the gene ycf 2 was not more accurate at the genus level than the method based on complete cp genome and proteincoding genes.

过去60年,我区杧果科学研究取得了长足进展,在杧果种质资源收集保存、遗传育种、分子生物学、土肥水管理、果实发育与花果管理、病虫害防治、贮藏加工等方面取得了重要进展.本文总结了我区杧果在种质资源与新品种培育、栽培关键技术突破、栽培模式创新、病虫害防控和产品采后保鲜加工等方面的研究进展,提出了今后的研究重点和发展方向.

以5年生"桂热杧71号"为试材,采用设施避雨棚与露天栽培模式,比较分析两种栽培模式对田间温湿度、果实生长发育、品质及产量的影响.结果表明,避雨棚栽培可降低田间相对湿度,平均降低1.9～2.4个百分点.花期、幼果期和果实膨大至成熟期,避雨棚与露天栽培的田间相对湿度相差最大值分别达到5.5个百分点、5.4个百分点、8.1个百分点.避雨棚栽培的果实总糖、维生素C、可溶性固形物含量,每株挂果数、每公顷产量分别比露天栽培提高了 11.9％、34.4％、5.2％、60.2％、85.1％,总酸含量比露地栽培降低了 16％.说明避雨栽培模式能改善果实内在品质并提高产量,在广西桂南等春季低温阴雨天气多的地区,可适当推广设施避雨栽培.

采用钢管结构大棚,2017-2020年对水仙杧、南逗迈4号、四季蜜杧、泰引1号、沙华绿、皮森姆、桂热杧10号、紫薇等8个杧果品种,开展设施栽培条件下的产期调节品种筛选试验.结果表明,综合参试品种的抽穗率、每株结果数、单果质量、株产、可溶性固形物含量、可食率、商品果率和果形指数等8项指标,南逗迈4号、四季蜜杧、桂热杧10号、泰引1号和皮森姆等5个品种,农艺学性状和果实品质指标优良,适宜设施栽培条件下产期调节栽培.水仙杧易成花,品质优良,但株产较低,建议进一步研究其配套的栽培技术措施,提高着果率和株量,再重新评价是否适宜设施栽培.紫薇可以正常开花,但每株结果数少,产量较低,可溶性固形物含量低,品质一般,可作为产期调节加工品种栽培.沙华绿抽穗率低,每株结果数少,株产低,说明该品种在设施栽培条件下,较难成花,株产低,不建议作为设施栽培产期调节品种.

采用正交设计方法,对影响PCR反应体系的5个因素(Mg2+、Taq DNA聚合酶、dNTPs、 引物和模板DNA)进行了优化,建立了适用于杧果的SC-SSR-PCR反应体系.结果表明,总反应体系25μL中,包含模板DNA用量100 ng·mL-1、Mg2+浓度2.00 mmol·L-1、引物浓度0.40μmol·L-1、Taq DNA聚合酶浓度1.00 U、dNTPs浓度0.15 mmol·L-1.利用优化的杧果SC-SSR-PCR反应体系对10对SC-SSR引物进行验证,均能扩增出清晰、 明亮、 特异的电泳条带.因此,优化的杧果SC-SSR-PCR反应体系适用于杧果种质鉴定和亲缘关系分析.

对桂热芒3号在百色右江河谷流域和驮娘江流域建立区域试种点,观察了品种的适应性、结果性状及品质等.研究结果表明,桂热芒3号成熟期在8月下旬至9月上旬,嫁接苗种植第3年即进入丰产期,5年连续观测期内产量均在1200 kg以上,体现了早结丰产稳产的性状;高接换种试验结果也表明该品种在西林县驮娘江流域栽植综合表现力更为良好,更适宜在较高海拔的山地推广种植.

为避开低温阴雨天气对芒果开花和授粉的影响,该文研究了位于6个不同海拔高度芒果种植区的台农1号芒通过摘早花催二次花延迟花期的效果.位于海拔300 m以下区域的果园在立春前7 d至立春后7 d内完成摘花,位于海拔400 m以上区域的果园在立春至雨水前完成摘花,可根据当年天气变化情况适当调整,摘花后进行人工催花.4年的摘花研究结果表明,通过摘早花催二次花可实现推迟花期15～20 d,位于海拔300～650 m的华屯、达康、高山、那岩、和拼、六丰等6个分场的平均产量比海拔100～250 m的右江区(不摘花)提高56.03％～71.43％.为芒果产业因时因地进行产期调控提供借鉴.

为了改善栽培品种结构,探讨设施栽培产期调节技术,调节杧果鲜果供应市场时间,在南宁建设设施大棚,2016-2019年对南逗迈4号杧开展设施栽培模式下产期调节试验.结果表明,在设施栽培模式下,南逗迈4号杧宜在4月上旬前修剪,7-8月促花2?3次,调控在8月上旬至10月下旬开花着果,12月下旬果实成熟.南逗迈4号杧适合作为设施栽培产期调节品种,12月成熟,平均单果质量366.4 g,可溶性固形物含量19.5％,可食率73％.高接换种后第2年每667 m2产量470.4 kg,第3年每667 m2产量959.4 kg,第4年每667 m2产量1 049.1 kg,品种产期调节生产性状优,是具有发展前景的杧果设施栽培产期调节新品种.

在南宁湿热气候区和百色右江河谷干热气候区采用高接换种方法建立"桂热芒4号"中试园.中试园高接第二年恢复开花结果,亩产1,048.32～1,893.12,kg,第三年亩产达2,598.4,kg.在果实品质上,"桂热芒4号"在百色右江河谷的平均单果重比在南宁的大7.5％,果实平均可溶性固形物含量也比南宁的高0.85个百分点.但是,"桂热芒4号"对湿热气候和干热气候均表现较好的适应性.在栽培技术研究上取得良好结果,为制定新品种配套栽培技术打下良好基础.

利用SRAP分子标记技术对来自12个国家或地区的54份杧果种质进行了遗传多样性分析,并对SRAP标记在杧果研究中的效率做了探讨.结果表明,SRAP标记在杧果种质中具有丰富的多态性,引物多态性条带百分比在79.31％～100％,平均为93.10％;引物的有效等位基因数(Ne)、Nei's基因多样性指数(H)、Shannon's信息指数(I)和多态性信息含量(PIC)平均值分别为1.73、0.41、0.60和0.87,表明SRAP标记具有较高的多态性检测效率.基于SRAP标记计算获得的遗传相似系数对杧果种质做聚类分析,54份杧果种质可被划分为3个类群.主成分分析与聚类分析反映的种质亲缘关系基本一致.

【目的】分析芒果不同花芽分化时期的转录组,了解成花过程相关基因的表达情况,为芒果开花时间的分子调控机制研究提供理论参考。【方法】以芒果品种南逗迈4号为材料,采用Illumina高通量测序技术,分别对其新梢停长期（I期）和基部膨大期（II期）2个不同花芽分化时期顶芽进行转录组测序,并利用基因功能注释、差异表达基因筛选等生物信息学方法对测序获得的高质量序列进行分析。通过实时荧光定量PCR（q PCR）检测差异表达基因的表达情况以验证转录组测序结果的可信度。【结果】共获得85691条Unigenes,平均长度为870 bp,N50为1077 bp,与Uni Prot数据库比对,发现48589条Unigenes有同源信息,注释比例为56.7%,广泛涉及细胞组分、生物过程和分子功能三大类,共55个小类,其中参与生物过程的Unigene数量最多（有21个小类）,以参与分子功能的Unigene数量最少（有14个小类）。以Fold-Change≥2为条件,筛选出花芽分化I和II期转录组间的2031个差异表达基因,其中1073个基因表达上调,958个基因表达下调,涉及247条代谢通路,富集的KEGG通路为内质网蛋白加工、次生物质的生物合成和积累、糖代谢和光合作用等,其中注释为内质网蛋白加工的基因数量最多。从2个不同时期顶芽的转录组数据中获得了春化、光周期、赤霉素（GA）、成花抑制、自主和年龄等途径的开花相关基因。将Mi SOC1、Mi VIN3、Mi Dof和Mi MADS1的q PCR检测结果与其转录组测序结果进行比对,发现这4个基因虽然在II期的表达量比I期上调差异倍数上存在一定差异,但表达量变化趋势一致,说明转录组测序结果的可信度较高。【结论】芒果花芽分化过程与内质网蛋白加工、次生代谢生物合成、植物激素信号转导、淀粉和蔗糖代谢等途径密切相关,可为芒果花期人工调控和产期调节提供参考。

选取南逗迈4号芒成花前后的顶芽进行转录组测序,在构建的cDNA文库中获得一条表达量变化明显的cDNA,经分析该cDNA属于MADS-box基因家族,命名为MADS1基因,该基因全长为1377bp,编码459个氨基酸.通过NCBI网站的blast功能分析发现其具有MADS基因家族典型的MADS结构域和K-box结构域、DNA结合位点、磷酸化位点、二聚体接口;氨基酸同源性比较发现其与番木瓜的MADS1基因具有较高的相似性,推测它们可能为同源基因,具有相似的生物学功能.

以12个芒果品种为试材,通过检测不同芒果品种叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性,采用Duncan比较对各抗氧化酶活性进行差异分析.结果表明:桂热芒10-2号的SOD活性最强,桂热芒10号的SOD活性最弱;桂热芒23号POD活性最强,桂热芒282号POD活性最弱,桂热芒780-17号的CAT活性最强,泰国芒14号的CAT活性最低;桂热芒282号的PPO活性最强,桂热芒30号的PPO活性最低.通过初步检测12个芒果品种的抗氧化酶活性,不同芒果品种的SOD活性在229.1467～463.8700U/g·min;POD活性在0.5333～3.8667 U/g·min;CAT活性在16.4967～41.8100 U/g·min;PPO活性在0.0167～0.2067 U/g·min,为下一步探讨芒果对抗逆胁迫响应机理奠定理论依据.