通过对灰枣田间优选获得的5个新品系与原品种进行物候期和形态学特征比较鉴定,结果表明:灰枣优选新品系11-12物候期早于其它灰枣品种(品系),10-7、11-25的物候期晚于灰枣、11-17、B-11;不同灰枣品种(品系)花粉大小、单个花药花粉量、花粉萌发率都存在一定差异;B-11、11-17、灰枣的叶形为长卵圆形,10-7、11-25的叶形为卵圆形,11-12的叶形为椭圆形,品系间的叶尖、叶基、叶缘、叶色也存在差异;枣吊、枣头、二次枝、针刺等性状上均存在不同程度的差异;从果实的形状上可将其分为3类,10-7、11-25为圆柱形,11-17、11-12、 灰枣为长圆形,B-11为卵圆形.

By method of high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),the components and mass fraction of organic acids in fruit of Junzao and wild jujube were determined.In the meantime,the activities of organic acid-metabolizing enzymes,such as malate dehydrogenase(NAD-MDH),malic enzyme (NADP-ME),enol phosphate type pyruvate carboxylase(PEPC),citrate synthase(CS),were analyzed during the development of Junzao and wild jujube fruit.The results showed that:(1) Except for tartaric acid,the mass fraction of both malic acid and citric acid were increased during the early stages of jujube fruits development and decreased at the later stages.(2) The activities of NAD-MDH and CS had the same trend with malic acid and citric acid concentration during the development of jujube fruits.However,the change of NADP-ME activity was on the contrary.(3) Correlation analyses showed that there was a positive correlation between the mass fractions of malic acid and the activities of NAD-MDH,but the correlation between the mass fractions of malic acid and the activities of NADP-ME was negative.The activities of CS showed a significant positive correlation with the mass fractions of citric acid,while there was no same correlation between the activities of PEPC and the mass fractions of malic acid and citric acid.Therefore,this study assumed that NAD-MDH,NADP-ME and CS activities might play significant roles in organic acids biosynthesis and degradation,but the role of PEPC activity was a little.

为了给酸枣花器官研究、花粉生活力的快速测定提供理论依据,笔者测定了不同的酸枣类型花器官结构、花粉形态及花粉萌发率和生活力的差异.结果表明:(1)不同的酸枣类型花序花朵数、花冠直径、蜜盘直径、雄蕊长度等方面都有不同程度的差异.花序花朵数一般在2～9个;单花雄蕊个数为5个;蜜盘颜色一般有淡黄色和黄绿色2种.(2)酸枣花粉比较小,通常在18.86～26.19 μm,以近球形为主,萌发孔以三孔沟居多.(3)不同的酸枣类型花粉的萌发率存在显著差异,其中酸枣4的萌发率最高,为32.54％;TTC法和I-KI法测定的花粉生活力显著高于离体培养法,测定值误差较大,故离体培养法更适合酸枣花粉生活力的测定.

[目的]比较不同坐果期枣果实品质的差异,为提高枣的精细化管理水平提供科学依据.[方法]挂牌标记枣树的头蓬果、二蓬果、三蓬果,于果实脆熟期末采收.分别测定枣果实物理性状(单果重、果形指数、可食率、含水量、干物质量)和果实内含物含量(可溶性糖、还原糖、淀粉、VC、有机酸、蛋白质),采用TMS-Pro质构仪测定果实质地参数,并进行比较分析.[结果]枣头蓬果、二蓬果、三蓬果的大小、形状和可食部分干物质量均存在显著差异,并依次减小;二蓬果的VC、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、有机酸、淀粉和还原糖含量均高于头蓬果、三蓬果的含量;供试材料不同坐果期枣果实质地各参数间也存在差异.[结论]不同坐果期枣果实品质存在较大差异,头蓬果和二蓬果品质优于三蓬果,采用疏果等措施可提高枣的商品性和经济效益.

Jujube, significant economic and ecological benefits species , has developed into one of the strengths of the ecological eco-nomic forest tree species in our country .Yet, jujube varieties breeding are precondition for development of jujube industry .The existed situation of jujube variety breeding were summarized , characteristics and trends were introduced in presented review by breeding selec-tion, seedling selection , single plant breeding , bud sport breeding , cross-breeding , ploidy breeding and breeding by biotechnology .

Objective:This study aimed to establish and validate a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the fast simultaneous determination of organic acids and vitamin C (VC) in jujube fruits. Methods: The analytes in samples were extracted ultrasonically in a water bath, centrifugated and purified by membrane filtration for analysis by HPLC with diode-array detection (DAD). The chromatographic column used was Inertsil ODS-3 (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5μm). The separation was performed using 0.04 mol/L KH2PO4 (pH 2.40) as mobile phase at 0.5 mL/min flow rate by isocratic elution. The column temperature and detection wavelength were set as 30 ℃ and 210 nm, respectively. Results: Under these chromatographic conditions, 7 organic acids and VC could be successfully separated in 30 minutes. The coefficients of determination (R2) of the standard calibration curves of the analyzed compounds were all above 0.998 9 and the precision expressed as relative standard deviations were between 0.98%and 4.77%(n=5) and the repeatability RSDs were in the range of 0.88%to 2.19%(n=5). The mean recovery rates of seven organic acids and vitamin C were in the range of 91.35%to 105.74%. Conclusion:This method is an accurate, rapid, and applicable method to determine organic acids and vitamin C in jujube fruits.

本研究利用初步筛选的50份酸枣资源,采用SPSS分析软件进行因子分析和聚类分析,完成对单果质量、果皮色泽、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、VC含量、果形指数、单核质量等16个果实品质性状的评价和分类.结果表明:因子分析提取了果实质量、果核质量、外观、营养成分等6项主因子,累计方差贡献率达83.173％.将前6个主因子载荷值进行主成分聚类分析,简化后的果实品质评价指标为:果皮色泽、单果质量、可滴定酸(或者VC)含量、单核质量、果核指数、果形指数(或者淀粉含量)、可溶性糖含量.选取简化后果实品质评价指标对酸枣资源进行聚类分析,在平方Euclidean距离为14.0时,可将供试50份资源分为4类,其中第一类可以作为酸度较大,果实色泽较好资源,第二类可作为果实大,可食率较大资源,第三类可作为选育糖度高的资源.

以早实核桃“新温179”花粉为试材,采用正交设计优选花粉离体萌发培养基成分不同浓度条件及最适温度和PH值,结合蓝墨水染色法、I-KI染色法、TTC活力测定法、醋酸洋红染色法4种染色法预测花粉生活力,为早实核桃遗传改良中间材料夯实研究基础.结果表明:5个因素影响核桃花粉萌发率的主次关系依次为:蔗糖＞硼酸＞温度＞氯化钙＞ PH值,核桃花粉离体培养基主要成分最佳组合为蔗糖20％+硼酸0.05％+氯化钙0.002％,最适温度为30℃,最适PH值为6.5.

[Objective]To establish the regression model among the nutrient element content of blade in jun jujube fruit stage,soil nutrient and blade nutrient,soil conductivity and yield.[Method]Through the analysis and test of the nutrient element content of blade in jun jujube fruit stage,soil nutrient,soil conductivity,the production yield in jun date full ripeness period was surveyed and the relationship among themselves was analyzed.[Result]The nutrient element content of blade in jun jujube fruit stage was closely related to the soil nutrient;Soil conductivity and fruit yield present were significantly correlated.Its determination coefficient R is 0.596 3,which suggests that we can get better results by using the soil conductivity to establish yield prediction model.[Conclusion]Plenty of soil nutrient is assurance of high yield,and we can achieve the purpose of high quality and high yield through the reasonable control fertilization.