In order to investigate the safety of 17-methyltestosterone,Kunming mice were tested for its acute toxicity. The absolutely lethal dose( LD100) was determined 4 500. 0 mg per kilogram body weight,and the maximum tolerated dose( LD0) was 1 499. 7 mg per kilogram body weight in the preexperiments. In the formal experiment,median lethal dose( LD50) of methyltestosterone in Kunming mice was determined 2 879. 7 mg per kilogram body weight,and the 95% confidence limit was2 522. 3 ~ 3 287. 6 mg / kg body weight. According to acute toxicity grading on exogenous chemicals,methyltestosterone has low toxicity in Kunming mice.

为探讨普洱茶(熟茶)对酒精诱发的酒精性肝损伤大鼠肝组织结构的影响;将120只Wistar大鼠随机分为阴性对照组、阳性对照组、KXL药物组、普洱茶(熟茶)(低、中、高)剂量组,每组20只.试验大鼠采用液体饲料饲喂,每天定时经口灌胃受试样品,普洱茶组给予不同剂量普洱熟茶,低、中、高剂量组灌胃剂量分别为0.5,1.0,2.0 g/kg,药物组灌胃KXL药品,灌胃剂量为0.15 g/kg,阴性对照组、阳性对照组每天均灌胃2 mL蒸馏水.每隔15d,每组随机选取3只,做肝组织病理检测,试验观察期为60 d,结束后即牺牲试验大鼠并检测肝组织病理变化及大鼠肝组织谷草转氨酶(AST)和丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)活性.试验结果显示:与阳性对照组相比,普洱茶低、中、高剂量组与药物组均可显著降低肝组织ALT,AST活力(P＜0.01),通过试验大鼠标本和病理检测发现,普洱茶能改善由酒精引起的肝组织病变.通过试验可知普洱茶(熟茶)能够有效抑制酒精性肝损伤大鼠肝组织病变.

Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites produced by fungi. The objective of this study was to develop an HPLC method to detect the presence of aflatoxins in Pu-erh tea. The developed method had recovery rates of 81.02–90.69%. The results revealed that Pu-erh teas from Yunnan, China, contained aflatoxins, especially AFB1 (8.333 μg/kg in raw and 20.149 μg/kg in ripe tea). All tea samples had aflatoxin levels below the national maximum permissible limits; however, the tea samples had higher aflatoxin levels than those allowed in the European Union, the USA, and Japan. The presence of aflatoxins in Pu-erh tea hinders its international marketability.

为了研究饲料着色剂加丽素红对海兰蛋鸡内分泌激素水平的影响,试验采用化学发光法对饲喂添加加丽素红饲料的海兰蛋鸡血清中胰岛素(ISN)、生长激素(GH)、雌二醇(E2)、促黄体生成激素(LH)、促卵泡激素(FSH)、孕酮(P)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)含量进行测定.结果表明:饲料着色剂加丽素红对蛋鸡胰岛素、甲状腺素、促卵泡激素、孕酮、雌二醇等激素代谢水平有影响;生长激素、促黄体生成激素、三碘甲状腺原氨酸含量虽有一定变化,但无统计学意义.

为探讨普洱茶(熟茶)对酒精诱发的酒精性脂肪肝大鼠血液学指标的影响,将60只Wistar大鼠随机分为阴性对照组、阳性对照组、KXL药物组、普洱茶(熟茶)(低、中、高)剂量组,每组10只.试验大鼠采用液体饲料饲喂,每天定时经口灌胃受试样品.普洱茶组给予不同剂量普洱熟茶,低、中、高剂量组灌胃剂量分别为0.5,1.0,2.0 g/kg;药物组灌胃KXL药品,灌胃剂量为0.15g/kg;阴性对照组、阳性对照组每天均灌胃2 mL蒸馏水.60d后牺牲试验大鼠,检测大鼠18项血常规指标.结果显示,与阴性对照组相比,阳性对照组大鼠白细胞数目(WBC)、单核细胞数目(Mon#)、中性粒细胞数目(Gran#)均超过了正常值范围,给予普洱茶和药物后,普洱茶各试验组值恢复正常;与阳性对照组相比,普洱茶中剂量组大鼠WBC,淋巴细胞数目(Lymph#)显著降低(P＜0.05);除普洱茶高剂量组RBC及中高剂量组HGB外,其他各组RBC,HGB均超过了正常范围.提示普洱茶(熟茶)对酒精性脂肪肝试验大鼠具有杀菌、消炎、增加机体防御能力和减轻高原血红蛋白增高症的作用.

为探讨普洱茶(熟茶)对酒精性脂肪肝大鼠肝损伤的预防作用,将Wistar大鼠随机分为阴性照组、阳性对照组、KXL药物组以及普洱茶(低、中、高)剂量组.试验大鼠采用液体饲料饲喂,同时给予对应的受试物,60天后测定大鼠血清TG、TC、HDL-C、FFA、AST、ALT、INS水平及肝组织FFA、INS水平.与阳性对照组比较,普洱茶低、中、高剂量组血清TG、TC含量,低、中、高剂量组血清和肝组织INS水平,中、高剂量组血清及肝组织FFA含量,中、高剂量组大鼠血清AST、ALT活性均显著降低(P＜0.05或p＜0.01);普洱茶高剂量组血清HDL-C显著上升(P＜0.05).普洱茶能够有效预防酒精性脂肪肝的发生或发展.

为了建立家禽组织中加丽素红含量的检测方法,试验采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC法)并对待测样品的前处理和色谱条件进行筛选和优化.结果表明:采用乙腈萃取法将加丽素红从鸡体组织中分离出来,并将提取液减压浓缩至干,甲醇定容后检测.色谱测定条件为色谱柱Symmetry C18 5μm,3.9×150 mm,波长为475 nm,流速为1.0 mL/min,流动相为甲醇∶水=95∶5,柱温为30℃,进样量为50μL.对样品进行5个添加剂量水平的回收率试验,回收率为95.3％ ～ 99.5％,平均回收率为97.9％,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.9％ ～3.3％.回收率大于80％,说明该方法适用于分析检测家禽组织中加丽素红的残留量.

We explored the relationship between the color change and the residual amount in chicken shank and eyelid skin after Hylion laying hens had foraged with carophyll red. One hundred and eight Hylion laying hens at 19 weeks of age were randomly divided into control group( basal forage without carophyll red),low dose group(0. 08 g / kg carophyll red additives) and high dose group(8 g / kg carophyll red additives). They were fed on the basal forage and experimental forage with different dosecarophyll red for the first 30 days,then changed to basal forage for the next 30 days. In each 10 d,the RYCF value was measured by Roche colorimetric fan and the residual carophyll red in chicken shank and eyelid skin was also tested. The results indicated that color of chicken shank and RYCF value enhanced with feeding date and dose increasing. After stopping experiment forage,the residual carophyll red was also reduced. The chicken surface tissues color would be obviously improved after feeding with carophyll red,and it was positively correlated with the residual carophyll red.

为探讨普洱茶(熟茶)对酒精性脂肪肝大鼠抗氧化应激作用的影响,将Wistar大鼠随机分为阴性、阳性、药物对照组、普洱茶低、中、高剂量组,60d后牺牲试验大鼠,测定大鼠肝组织细胞色素P4502E1(CYP2E1)、胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)基因表达情况、大鼠肝组织中氧自由基(ROS)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量、大鼠血清胰岛素(INS)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)、甘油三酯(TG)水平.结果表明:与阳性对照组比较,高剂量组大鼠肝组织CYP2E1基因表达显著降低(p＜0.05);高剂量组大鼠肝组织IGF-1基因表达、GSH-PX活性及中、高剂量组SOD活性显著升高(p＜0.05);高剂量组大鼠肝组织中MDA含量及中、高剂量组大鼠ROS活性,低、中、高剂量组大鼠血清INS活力、TG含量,中、高剂量组大鼠血清FFA含量均显著降低(p ＜0.05,p＜0.01).说明普洱茶对酒精性脂肪肝大鼠具有抗氧化应激的作用.

【Objective 】 To evaluate the situation and related problems of smoking in college students in Yunnan province and analyze the causes and harm of smoking,and put forward the intervention measures.【Method 】 An anonymous survey was carried out among 674 college students in universities in Kunming by random sampling.The survey was collected involving their smoking basics,smoking causes,the consequences of smoking and related factors.【Result 】 Among 674 college students,the prevalence total rate of smoker was 48.96%,the smoking-rate in male,female were 72.97 %and 2.22%,respectively.Most of the college students were not addicted to smoking and their family suffered from the second-hand seriously.The smokers were mainly affected by people around them and psychological factors. 【Conclusion 】 At present,the rate of smoking among college student was high.Smoking is harm of studets,we shoud pay more attention to it and take intervene measures.

To provide scientific data for the security use of carophyll red,the effects of carophyll red on content of chicken serum proteins were studied in this research.According to the principle of equal weight,one hundred and twenty Hyline layers at nineteen weeks were randomly divided into control group,low dose and high dose group feeding with carophyll red at 0g / kg,0.08g / kg and 8g / kg respectively.Chickens were fed with different dose of carophyll red added feed for 30days and fed for 60days with basal feed after that.At the feeding time of 10 th,20 th,30 th,40 th,50 th,60 th,70 th and 90 th day,the blood samples were collected through jugular vein and sera were isolated,contents of serum proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and scanned by using gel imaging-forming system.Research results found that contents of four serum proteins(αglobulin,β globulin,γglobulin,and serum albumin in Hyline chicken were increase with the feed time,different doses produced different degrees of difference in change.The use of carophyll red could affect protein synthesis in chickens.