Dietary fiber can alleviate functional constipation (FC) by modulating the gut microbiota. To clarify the prebiotic properties of walnut insoluble dietary fiber (WIDF), we explored its structural characteristics and laxative mechanism. A galacturonic acid and glucose-rich WIDF was isolated from walnuts by using a complex enzymatic method. Animal experiments results showed that WIDF could effectively alleviate the symptoms of loperamideinduced FC in mice, including shortening the defecation time, increasing the wet weight and water content of feces, and promoting intestinal motility. WIDF might alleviate FC through activating serotonergic synapse and inhibiting the delta-opioid receptor/inducible nitric oxide synthase (Oprd/iNOS) pathways. Importantly, WIDF treatment altered the structure and composition of the gut microbiota. Correlation analysis revealed that Bacillus and its dominant ASV17, which is considered to be the key microbe for constipation alleviation, were strongly associated with constipation phenotypes. Based on pure culture and 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis, Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), which is 100 % similar to ASV17, was isolated and identified from the feces of WIDF-treated mice. L. reuteri relieved FC by modulating serotonergic synapse and the Oprd/iNOS pathways. These results suggested that WIDF and L. reuteri treatment is a prospective strategy for the prevention of constipation.

采用高通量测序技术、细菌分离鉴定、16SrDNA序列分析鉴定及系统发育树的建立,对蚯蚓液体肥料中优势细菌种类在门及属水平上细菌相对丰度进行研究,最终分离得到脱氮假单胞菌(Pseudamonas denitrificans)、陶厄氏属(Thauem)、门多萨假单胞菌(Pseudomonas menidocina)、柯赫芽胞杆菌(Bacillus kochii)、地衣芽胞杆菌(Bacillus licheni-formis)、高地芽胞杆菌(Bacillus altitudinis)、Rummeliibacillus pycnus、枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、Bacillus sola-ni、黄海芽胞杆菌(Bacillus marisflavi)共10株不同特征的纯化菌株.结果表明:在细菌门水平上厚壁菌门为优势菌门,细菌属水平上芽胞杆菌属为优势菌属.分离出的10株细菌中6株为芽胞杆菌属.

蔬菜在生产、收获、贮存、加工、运输过程中产生大量废弃物,产废系数约9.7％,蔬菜废弃物存在水分含量高和农药残留等问题,资源化利用的方法和途径较少.利用蚯蚓养殖无害化处理蔬菜废弃物,结果表明,蚯蚓除对辛辣、刺激和芳香气味大的蔬菜(如辣椒、大葱、芫荽和茼蒿等)敏感、不采食、甚至逃逸外,其他蔬菜废弃物均可处理.掘穴环爪蚓(Perionyx excavatus)处理蔬菜废弃物处理池垫层基料配方为发酵晒干牛粪:腐殖土=1∶4配比、饲养环境温度20～26℃、湿度60％～70％、pH6～9,蚯蚓密度2.2～2.5kg/m3,蔬菜废弃物分解周期4～7d,处理效率平均约为1kg/m2·d,蚯蚓液体肥料和固体肥料生成比例为6∶4.蚯蚓液体肥和固体肥生物活性高,在草莓、番茄、三七等高附加值农产品种植中,具有抗逆性好、生根快、果实糖分含量增加等优势.

PurposeTo study the effects of earthworm protein extract on the intestinal mucosal immune function of immunosuppressed mice. MethodsA total of 30 Kunming mice were randomly divided into six groups: blank control group, immunosuppressive model group (CTX), immunosuppressive+high (CTX+EEH)/medium (CTX+EEM)/low (CTX+EEL) earthworm protein dose group, and earthworm protein group (EE). All groups were gavaged intragastally for consecutive 20 days. On the 18th day, CTX, CTX+EEH, CTX+EEM and CTX+EEL groups were intraperitoneously injected with 50 mg/kg cyclophosphamide for three consecutive days. Immune organ index was calculated, intestinal cytokines and mucosal barrier proteins were detected. ResultsThe thymus index, spleen index and intestinal cytokines in CTX group were significantly lower than those in blank control group (P<0.05). Compared with CTX group, spleen index, contents of cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-10, content of sIgA and gene expression of ZO-1 and Occludin in CTX+EEH group were significantly increased (P<0.05). The spleen index, IL-10 content and gene expression of mucosal barrier proteins ZO-1, Claudin-1 and Occludin in CTX+EEM group were significantly higher than those in CTX group (P<0.05). ConclusionEarthworm protein can improve the intestinal mucosal immune function and enhance the intestinal immune barrier in immunosuppressed mice. This study will provide a theoretical basis for earthworm protein in the prevention and treatment of animal diseases.

为探究不同比例蚯蚓粪替代化肥对山原红壤土壤化学性状及小白菜产量和品质的影响,在相同施氮量的条件下,设置4个不同比例蚯蚓粪处理:70％化肥和30％蚯蚓粪(T30)、50％化肥和50％蚯蚓粪(T50)、30％化肥和70％蚯蚓粪(T70)、100％蚯蚓粪(T100),以常规施肥(CK)为对照,测定小白菜收获后土壤肥力变化以及小白菜产量和品质指标.结果表明,相较CK,不同比例蚯蚓粪替代化肥改善了土壤化学性状,土壤全氮、速效磷、速效钾及有机质含量显著增加;土壤pH除T50较CK无显著差异外,其他处理土壤pH均较CK显著降低;T50可在显著提高小白菜产量的同时增加可溶性糖和维生素C含量,降低硝酸盐含量.综上所述,50％蚯蚓粪替代化肥可在云南地区小白菜生产中推广应用.

目的 分析鸡蛋新鲜度指标与贮藏天数的相关性,确定新鲜度指标数值显著变化的时间,建立新鲜度与贮藏时间相关性模型.方法 2 d为一个时间点,设立12个实验组,每组5枚鸡蛋,按照标准中鸡蛋新鲜度评定指标重复3次测定鸡蛋相对密度、气室高度、哈夫单位、蛋黄指数、pH值、失重率.根据Pearson相关系数评价贮藏天数与鸡蛋新鲜度各指标之间的相关程度,Duncan法评价贮藏天数与鸡蛋新鲜度各指标之间的差异显著程度.结果 鸡蛋新鲜度各指标与贮藏天数之间显著相关(P<0.05),各新鲜度指标数值出现显著变化的时间各不相同,各天数之间的鸡蛋失重量、失重率差异显著(P<0.05).结论 本研究所建立的鸡蛋新鲜度与贮藏时间的相关性模型,可作为鸡蛋新鲜度评价模型.

[目的]研究蔬菜废弃物中氯氰菊酯残留对蚯蚓生长、繁殖和发育的影响.[方法]参照GB/T 21809—2008,对蚯蚓进行短期接触试验和28 d饲喂试验,检测蔬菜废弃物中氯氰菊酯残留对蚯蚓抗氧化酶活性、组织病理变化以及体腔细胞的影响.[结果]蚯蚓饲喂含氯氰菊酯蔬菜废弃物7 d,其体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高(P<0.05),体腔细胞早期凋亡比例升高.接触24 h后,其体内SOD活性显著下降(P<0.05),体腔细胞早期凋亡比例升高.接触氯氰菊酯48和72 h后以及饲喂含氯氰菊酯蔬菜废弃物14和21 d后,其机体抗氧化系统受损,导致SOD和POD活性显著下降(P<0.05),MDA含量显著升高(P<0.05),体腔细胞晚期凋亡比例增加.在饲喂28 d后,蚯蚓SOD和POD活性显著降低(P<0.05).饲喂试验发现:中、高剂量组在第14天时,其体壁上皮细胞脱落,肠腔扩张,肠上皮细胞变性、坏死,黄色细胞坏死、细胞核消失;低、中剂量组体腔细胞早期和晚期凋亡比例达最大值,随后降低.[结论]蚯蚓接触氯氰菊酯剂量高于4.472μg/cm2时会产生抗氧化损伤;当蚯蚓饲喂喷洒达212.4 mg/m2氯氰菊酯的蔬菜废弃物时,可造成蚯蚓抗氧化系统及其体壁和肠壁的损伤.因此,利用蚯蚓处理蔬菜废弃物的过程中,必须严格控制蔬菜中常用农药氯氰菊酯的残留量和喷洒量,以保证蚯蚓在饲养过程中能正常地生长、发育和繁殖.

对蚯蚓堆肥发展的历史进行简单的介绍,综合近年的研究情况,分析蚯蚓堆肥未来的发展方向.蚯蚓堆肥自身具有良好的结构,并含有大量的营养元素和植物生长激素.蚯蚓堆肥作为一种良好的土壤改良剂,可以改善土壤结构,增加土壤中微生物群落结构多样性,吸附更多的重金属离子.蚯蚓堆肥可以促进作物的生长,并起到增产增收的效果.在盐渍化的土壤中,蚯蚓堆肥可以显著增强作物对盐胁迫的抗性;在连作的土壤中,蚯蚓堆肥可以控制土传病害的传播.蚯蚓堆肥可以消耗大量的固体废弃物,并将其转化为有效的肥料、土壤调节剂、植物生长调节剂.

旨在建立一种虹鳟鱼肌肉组织中虾青素含量的高效液相色谱检测方法.样品经甲醇提取,正己烷除去蛋白质和脂类物质,皂化将虾青素酯转化为游离虾青素后氮气吹干,流动相复溶后过滤待测.采用C18色谱柱进行分离,紫外检测器在478 nm波长进行测定.虾青素浓度在0.1μg/mL～10μg/mL范围内与峰面积呈线性相关,相关系数为0.9999.对样品进行3个添加剂量水平的回收率试验,回收率在71.9％～95.5％,批内、批间相对偏差均小于3％.对市售虹鳟鱼肌肉组织中虾青素含量进行检测,结果含量为7.62μg/g～10.21μg/g.建立优化了一种虹鳟鱼肌肉组织中虾青素含量的高效液相色谱检测方法,为分析虹鳟鱼肌肉组织虾青素含量提供了技术支撑.

[目的]研究一味中药复方制剂的安全性,为人体肿瘤临床治疗用药提供参考.[方法]本试验对复方制剂进行了经口急性毒性、最大耐受量及其28 d经口毒性方面的研究.经口急性毒性预试验对各组小鼠一次灌服剂量0.2、0.6、1.8、5.4、16.2 g/kg (bw)的提取液,最大耐受量试验提取液按1.25、1.00、0.80、0.64、0.51 g/mL的质量浓度、0.04 mL/g (bw)的灌胃量对各组小鼠24 h之内灌胃3次,对小鼠连续观察7d;将40只小鼠随机分为高、中、低剂量组及对照组,连续28 d灌服等体积不同含量[15、7.5、3.75、0 g/kg (bw)]的复方制剂,测定小鼠的血液生理生化指标.[结果]急性毒性结果表明:该复方制剂粗提物经口LD50＞5 g/kg(bw),小鼠对其最大耐受量达到150 g/kg (bw),最大耐受量为人用剂量的1 050倍;28d经口毒性试验中各组小鼠体重、血液生理指标与对照组相比差异不显著(P＞0.05).血液生化指标仅中剂量组LDH与对照、低、高剂量组差异显著(P＜0.05),GPT、GOT、Cr和BUN各指标无显著差异(P＞0.05).[结论]该复方制剂对小鼠无毒性作用,对血液生理生化部分指标无影响,临床使用安全.

In this study,a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established to detect medroxyprogesterone acetate residues in chicken muscle.The sample were extracted by ethyl acetate,defatted with n-hexane,purified with neutral alumina solid-phase extraction cartridges,eluted with acetonitrile and then dried with nitrogen.The residue was dissolved with the mobile phase and then filtered.It was then analyzed with HPLC.A good linearity of the calibration curves for medroxyprogesterone acetate was obtained within the ranges of 20 to 500 ng/mL (R2=0.9996).The limit detection of the method was 0.01μg/kg.The average recoveries of medroxyprogesterone acetate were 70.0 to 90.5％at three spiked levels (0.01,0.02 and 0.04 μg/kg) with the intra and inter RSD lower than 10％.The method is accurate and reliable,and could be applied to detect medroxyprogesterone acetate residue in the chicken muscle.

甲基睾酮(MT)属于性激素类药物中的人工合成类固醇激素,为我国禁止使用兽药,但在鱼类和家畜养殖中有违规使用的报道.甲基睾酮在动物源性食品中的残留对食品安全和人类健康有潜在的危害.文章概述了甲基睾酮对动物组织器官、生殖、内分泌和神经等多方面的危害作用,以及甲基睾酮与人类生殖系统疾病存在的可能相关性;同时介绍了现阶段甲基睾酮残留检测的主要方法.

为测定甲基睾酮(MT)在哺乳动物肝脏和肌肉组织中的残留规律,本试验将不同剂量的MT溶于花生油中,进行SD大鼠短期灌胃试验,分别于灌胃30 d后和停止灌胃后正常饲养15 d后,取每组SD大鼠的肝脏、肌肉组织,采用酶联免疫吸附法进行残留量检测,最后采用单因素方差分析法进行数据分析比较对照组、低剂量组与高剂量组之间的各项差异.结果表明:肝脏组织中的残留量显著超过肌肉组织中的残留量(P<0.05),经过正常饲养15 d后,仍能检测到残留,且SD大鼠体内的残留与MT浓度呈增长效应.综上所述,MT能残留在哺乳类动物组织中.本试验为进一步探讨MT在动物源性食品中的富集及其对人类健康的影响提供基础数据和科学依据.

以网络技术为载体，以第三方结算平台（银联）为支撑，以学生收费管理、宿舍管理和教务管理系统为基础，构建学生缴费信息网上查询与自助缴费平台，实现第三方结算信息和教务管理系统信息实时更新与联动，提高收费管理水平，降低财务管理成本。文章以云南农业大学自主研发的远程自助缴费与查询系统为例，介绍了其的构建与应用。

In order to investigate the safety of 17-methyltestosterone,Kunming mice were tested for its acute toxicity. The absolutely lethal dose( LD100) was determined 4 500. 0 mg per kilogram body weight,and the maximum tolerated dose( LD0) was 1 499. 7 mg per kilogram body weight in the preexperiments. In the formal experiment,median lethal dose( LD50) of methyltestosterone in Kunming mice was determined 2 879. 7 mg per kilogram body weight,and the 95% confidence limit was2 522. 3 ~ 3 287. 6 mg / kg body weight. According to acute toxicity grading on exogenous chemicals,methyltestosterone has low toxicity in Kunming mice.

Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites produced by fungi. The objective of this study was to develop an HPLC method to detect the presence of aflatoxins in Pu-erh tea. The developed method had recovery rates of 81.02–90.69%. The results revealed that Pu-erh teas from Yunnan, China, contained aflatoxins, especially AFB1 (8.333 μg/kg in raw and 20.149 μg/kg in ripe tea). All tea samples had aflatoxin levels below the national maximum permissible limits; however, the tea samples had higher aflatoxin levels than those allowed in the European Union, the USA, and Japan. The presence of aflatoxins in Pu-erh tea hinders its international marketability.

为了研究饲料着色剂加丽素红对海兰蛋鸡内分泌激素水平的影响,试验采用化学发光法对饲喂添加加丽素红饲料的海兰蛋鸡血清中胰岛素(ISN)、生长激素(GH)、雌二醇(E2)、促黄体生成激素(LH)、促卵泡激素(FSH)、孕酮(P)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)含量进行测定.结果表明:饲料着色剂加丽素红对蛋鸡胰岛素、甲状腺素、促卵泡激素、孕酮、雌二醇等激素代谢水平有影响;生长激素、促黄体生成激素、三碘甲状腺原氨酸含量虽有一定变化,但无统计学意义.

随着高校科研经费来源渠道的多元化和科研经费总量的急剧增加，科研经费管理工作量随之增加，如何有效利用财务信息化管理手段加强科研经费管理是高校面临的新课题。文章探讨了学校财务结算系统与各类科研经费预算科目以及结算报表之间如何实现项目经费支出自动归结和匹配于各类报表，从而实现科研经费的实时动态管理。

为了建立家禽组织中加丽素红含量的检测方法,试验采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC法)并对待测样品的前处理和色谱条件进行筛选和优化.结果表明:采用乙腈萃取法将加丽素红从鸡体组织中分离出来,并将提取液减压浓缩至干,甲醇定容后检测.色谱测定条件为色谱柱Symmetry C18 5μm,3.9×150 mm,波长为475 nm,流速为1.0 mL/min,流动相为甲醇∶水=95∶5,柱温为30℃,进样量为50μL.对样品进行5个添加剂量水平的回收率试验,回收率为95.3％ ～ 99.5％,平均回收率为97.9％,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.9％ ～3.3％.回收率大于80％,说明该方法适用于分析检测家禽组织中加丽素红的残留量.

以信息管理技术和网络技术为载体，构建账务报销单据网上填写与提交（报账人）、会计凭证接收、审核与自动转化（会计业务）和网银批量支付（出纳业务）的财务远程报账体系，从根本上解决财务报账拥挤、等待时间长、不能实时支付、大量使用现金和财务人员劳动强度大等现实问题，提高财务管理水平和服务效率，创新财务管理模式。