目的 了解艾滋病初筛实验室建设工作状况,发现问题和提出建议,促进实验室检测工作准确、安全和规范.方法 采用现场调查和盲样检测对初筛实验室进行考核,分析现场考核结果.结果 12个初筛实验室均能较好地进行艾滋病初筛检测,检测过程符合要求,结果正确,全部达标.部分实验室存在硬件设施有欠缺、软件建设质量有不足、质量管理工作有待加强的问题.结论 本区艾滋病初筛实验室能较好地开展艾滋病抗体初筛检测工作,但实验室建设质量水平有差异,需要针对存在的问题相应地加以改进.

目的了解西北某部1992-2011年突发公共卫生事件的发生情况和规律。方法对1992-2011年某部发生的符合突发公共卫生事件定义的传染病疫情和集体食物中毒事件进行统计分析。结果 1992-2011年某部共发生突发公共卫生事件33起,主要是传染病疫情,其中呼吸道传染病疫情22起(占66.67%),肠道传染病疫情8起,自然疫源性疾病1起,食物中毒2起;按事件级别统计,重大事件2起,较大事件4起,其余为一般事件。呼吸道传染病疫情发生在11月至来年6月,肠道传染病疫情和食物中毒发生在6～9月。发生人群以新兵和新学员队较多,主要发生在营区。结论1992-2011年某部突发公共卫生事件以传染病疫情为主,其中主要为呼吸道传染病疫情,新兵和新学员队是突发卫生事件的重点人群。因此部队应以控制呼吸道传染病为主,并作好重点人群的传染病防治。

[Objective] To study the disease constituent of hospitalized army men on different levels,analyze its law,provide the basis for rational allocation of medical resources and development of scientific disease prevention measures.[Methods] The hospitalized army men(18-97 years old) were divided into five groups: soldiers,regimental officers,division officers,corps officers and retired cadres.The disease spectrum and constituent ratio of five groups were analyzed respectively.[Results] The disease spectrums of hospitalized division officers,corps officers and retired cadres were similar,which were mainly chronic non-communicable diseases.The disease spectrum of soldiers was obviously different from that of division officers,corps officers and retired cadres,which some common diseases ranked in the first places.The disease spectrum of regimental officers was similar to that of soldiers,but the cholelithiasis and cholecystitis,cardiovascular diseases,hypertension and bronchitis,diabetes mellitus and cerebrovascular disease ranked ahead.The disease spectrums of soldiers and regimental officers were dispersed,and disease spectrums of division officers,corps officers and retired cadres were comparatively concentrated.[Conclusion] The disease constituents of hospitalized army men on different levels are different,so it is suggested to develop disease control measures and health intervention measures according to different populations.

1做好防生物威胁的准备<br>　　在平时就要注意追踪掌握生物战剂的研究进展、武器装备和储存等方面的情况，并要掌握国内特别是本战区医学地理和社会地理资料、各种传染病的分布和流行规律、媒介生物的分布和消长规律等历史和现状资料。对于生物威胁事件的处理要有组织、有装备、有预案。人员编组应少而精，装备轻便，配有相应的交通工具及通讯设备，能在复杂的情况下独立完成卫生防疫保障任务。人员编组可参照战时卫生防疫分队编组，由各科抽调部分骨干组成应急处理小组，应包括流行病学组、检验组、消杀灭组、后勤组等。所需物资主要是3大类：一是个人和集体防护器材以及洗消设备；二是卫生防疫物资和器材，包括检验器材；三是个人生活用品。各种物资器材和药品，除适量储存外，对于有效期较短的解毒药、疫苗、检测试剂等可临时根据污染范围和人员受染情况酌情筹措，但平常应联系好购买渠道。

汶川大地震后,许多基础设施和公共保障体系如饮水设施和供水管线、居住的房屋和建筑物、厂矿厂房等都遭到坏,道路塌方和泥石流以及山体滑坡等次生灾害,对人们的饮水卫生、食品供应和居住生活环境以及身体健康构成威胁.卫生防病和防疫消杀工作是抗震救灾工作重中之重,兰州军区疾病预防控制中心积极投入汶川地震灾害救援,以最快速度奔赴灾区进行卫生防疫消毒杀虫和灭鼠等卫生救工作.

Objective To understand the drinking and smoking situation of the servicemen in Northwest regions. Methods 973 of Servicemen aged45 yrs from troops in Shanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai provinces were investigated by stratified cluster random Sampling on their smoking, drinking and age, education level. The data was analyzed by the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis with SPSS13.0 software. Results The smoking rate was 46.97% , drinking and excessive drinking rate was 61.77% and 18.60%, respectively. Smoking rate in servicemen aged 20-29 yrs was higher than those in aged above 30 and under 20 yrs (OR=1.59, 95%CI=1.05-2.39), officer drinking and excessive drinking rate were higher than soldiers (OR 2.97, 95%CI 1.50-5.88; OR 2.91, 95%CI 1.45-5.86). Conclusion Smoking and excessive drinking rates are relatively high in the servicemen of Northwest regions; the armed force should focus on the health education of the servicemen.

Objective:To study the disease constitutes of soldier inpatients and estimate the hazard of diseases.Methods: The proportion,fatality rate,average hospitalized days,the average cost and cure rate were chosen as analysis variables.The data were analyzed with rank sum ratio(RSR) analysis.Results: The most serious disease for soldiers was intervertebral disc disease and postoperative status,followed by heart disease,nephritis,virus hepatitis,other infectious disease,psoriasis vulgaris,dislocation,sprain,strain,gastritis,urinary calculus,appendicitis,peptic ulcer and deflection of nasal septum.Conclusion: Chronic noninfectious diseases do small harms to soldiers except for heart disease.But the traumatic disease,dermatosis,disease of digestive system and urinary disease have greater hazard for soldiers.The hazard from infectious disease should be paid more attention to.

"5·12"汶川大地震后,许多基础设施和公共保障体系如饮水设施和供水管线、居住的房屋和建筑物、厂矿厂房等都遭到破坏,道路塌方和泥石流以及山体滑坡等次生灾害,都对人类的饮水卫生、食品供应和居住生活环境以及身体健康构成威胁.在这种条件下的卫生防病和防疫消杀工作就显得格外重要和紧迫.

莱姆病是由莱姆病螺旋体引起的一种自然疫源性疾病.我国于1986年首次在黑龙江省海林县林区发现该病~([1]),后证实莱姆病在国内分布相当广泛~([2]).为了解我国西北部分地区林区人群感染情况,在新疆、甘肃、宁夏、陕西4省区的林区进行选点调查.

Objective:To explore the blood lipid level and epidemiological characteristics of hyperlipemia for military officers in five provinces of North-west China.Methods: The serum TC and TG levels in 7 172 subjects obtained by stratified sampling were analyzed.Results: In five provinces of North-west China,incidence of TC and TG for military male and female officers were 4.15% and 5.18%;13.60% and 8.47%,respectively.These data suggested that both for men at the age of 45 to 54 years and for women at the age of 55 to 64 years,the incidence of hyperlipemia increased rapidly.Conclusion: The incidence of hyperlipemia for the military officers in the North-west China is higher than that of national level.As for hyperlipemia,middle-aged male and menopausal female officers should be paid attention to.

住院病人的疾病构成是反映人群疾病谱及其变化的重要依据,而明确住院疾病对人群健康的危害程度,对调整、配置卫生资源、制定科学的防病措施等具有重要意义.为此,笔者对某部中高级干部的住院疾病构成进行了统计,并对其危害程度进行了秩和比(rank sun ration,RSR)分析.

目的 了解部队医院医务人员的艾滋病认知情况,以便改进培训方式.方法 现场集中匿名填写自填式调查问卷,用SPSS10.0进行统计分析.结果 本次调查结果显示被调查医务人员具有一定的艾滋病传播及基本知识,但艾滋病诊断、治疗和职业防护知识十分缺乏;个别人对艾滋病病人/HIV感染者存在歧视心理,而且普遍存在恐惧心理,这可能影响到提供正常的医疗服务.结论 应结合职业特点,加强艾滋病诊断治疗专业知识的培训,端正对艾滋病病人/HIV感染者的态度,加强职业防护.

目的:了解军队住院患者疾病构成,为合理配置卫生资源,制定科学的防病措施提供依据。方法:以住院疾病分类年报表为依据,采用SPSS软件包进行聚类分析;以构成比、病死率、平均住院日、人次均住院费高,而治愈率低作为疾病危害严重程度的标准,采用秩和检验进行分析评价。结果:对军队人员危害最严重的疾病是心脏病、脑血管疾病以及术后状态,危害比较严重的疾病依次是恶性肿瘤、糖尿病、高血压病、椎间盘疾病、支气管炎、胃炎、胆石症、胆囊炎、传染病、肠炎和肺炎。结论:军队人员疾病模式已转向慢性非传染性疾病为主,应重视该类疾病的防治工作。

Objective To analyze the disease spectrum of various level military officers so as to provide proof for the health care of military cadres.Methods The army corps,division and regiment level cadres were selected and statistical analyze the spectrum of disease and order and expend.Results The first 5 diseases in above division level officers were cardiopathy,bronchitis,hypertension,cerebrovascular,diabetes.The disease spectrum of under regiment level has significant difference within above division level,its first 5 diseases were respiratory infection,intervertebral disk illness,enteritis,gall-stone,cholecystitis.Conclusion It may provide reference for health care for military cadres to study the common diseases and practise the difference way according to the trait.

葡萄籽提取物(grape seed extract,GSE)中含有包括原花青素在内的多种活性物质.国外研究证明GSE对人乳腺癌细胞、肺癌细胞和胃癌细胞均有细胞毒性作用[1～3],但对宫颈癌细胞的作用未见报道.本文利用体外培养法系统研究了GSE对Hela细胞增殖能力和细胞存活量的影响,为葡萄籽在人类癌症预防中的更广泛应用提供理论依据.

病毒性肝炎是部队卫生防病工作的重点.为全面了解病毒性肝炎在部队的发病情况及其流行规律,作者对某部1993～2002年病毒性肝炎发病情况进行了统计分析,报告如下. 1 材料和方法 资料来源于某部队疾病监测数据库;用军队疫情监测系统进行描述性流行病学分析.

Objective Eukaryotic express plasmid of Murine IL-2(pCDNA 3IL-2) and eukaryotic express plasmid of Murine IL-3(pCDNA 3IL-3) were used as adjuvants in the study.The experiments were conducted to compare the immune modulation effects and histological lesions of the two adjuvatns to mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine according to the levels of cellular immunity,humoral immunity and histopathology in immune organs.Methods The tested animals were guinea pigs.Fifty days after twice BCG vaccination samples were detected by indirect ELISA,MTT and histopathological lesions of immune organs.Results pcDNA 3IL-2 and pcDNA 3IL-3(pcDNA 3IL-3 can both effectively enhance the humoral immunity and the cellular immunity of guinea pit induced by BCG(P0 05 or P0 01) and hyperplasia of histopathological lesions of immune organs.Conclusion Eukaryotic Express Plasmid of Murine IL-2 and IL-3 can both promote the humoral immunity and the cellular immunity of guinea pig induced by BCG(P0 05 or P0 01),so they can be as a kind of potential adjuvants.

医学微生物学是一门发展很快的学科.本文从微生物学的基础研究,微生物与肿瘤关系的研究,新发现的病原微生物以及医学微生物学的应用四个方面介绍了当前医学微生物学的发展概况.

应用胶体金免疫渗滤技术检测已确诊的棘球蚴病患者血清抗体,从65例患者中检出阳性53例,阴性12例,阳性符合率为81.5%,敏感性为84.4%;用该技术对107例非棘球蚴病对照血清检测,特异性达93.0%,诊断效率达78.5%.认为胶体金免疫渗滤技术为一种较好的棘球蚴病抗体检测方法.

将从死亡小熊猫肝脏病料中分离到的CDV LP株第9代MDCK细胞培养毒,按不同剂量各接种7只2～3月龄的健康幼犬,接种犬全部发病.于接种后7天时各捕杀2只犬进行检测,电镜检查、CDV RT-PCR、CDV的分离及中和试验结果均为阳性,说明接种犬发生了CDV感染.结合接种犬出现的临床症状及病理解剖学变化结果进行的分析表明,CDV LP株是一株强毒,并且具有很强的免疫原性.人工感染犬试验结果表明某动物园小熊猫发病及死亡是由CDV引起的.