Objective To explore the prevention of oxygen therapy from hypoxic injury in migrators at 3700 m high altitude. Methods Total 120 young males who had lived in 3700 m high altitude above sea level for more than one year were selected and divided randomly into group A(inhaling oxygen for 30 min per day,n=40),group B(inhaling oxygen for one hour per day,n=40), and group C( no oxygen inhalation,n=40 ). The oxygen flow rate was two liters per minute and the inhaling time was 30 consecutive days. Chronic mountain sickness( CMS )symptom scores,sleep quality score,hemoglobin( Hb )concentration,HR,blood pressure, respiratory rate,SaO2 and performance in 1000 m run were examined and evaluated before the oxygen inhalation,after 15 day and 30 day oxygen inhalation,and after oxygen inhalation had been stopped for 15 days,respectively. Results The sleep quality score of the subjects in group B after 15 day and 30 day oxygen inhalations was lower than that before the oxygen inhalation( P <0. 05 or P<0. 01). The CMS symptom score and sleep quality score of the subjects in group A after 15 day and 30 day oxygen inhalations were lower than that in group B(P<0. 05 or P<0. 01);SaO2 of the subjects in both group A and B increased after 30 day oxygen inhalation in comparison with that before the oxygen inhalation(P<0. 01). Besides,in comparison with group C,the CMS symptom score and Hb concentration of both group A and B decreased but SaO2 increased after 15 day and 30 day oxygen inhalations and after oxygen inhalation had been stopped for 15 days(P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Conclusion Long-term low-concentration oxygen therapy can prevent chronic mountain sickness,improve sleep quality,stabilize or reduce the increase of Hb concentration. The effect of oxygen inhalation for one hour every day will be better than that for 30 minutes. After oxygen inhalation is stopped for 15 days,the physiological indexes will recover to the level before the oxygen inhalation.

自1997年7月刚果民主共和国与该区域五个国家签署了卢萨卡停火协定之后,联合国安理会于当年11月30日成立了联合国组织刚果民主共和国特派团[Mission de l'organisation des Nations Unies en République démocratique du Congo/ United Nations Organization Mission in Democratic Republic of the Congo(MONUC),联刚团],试图解决刚果(金)各省持续不断的冲突.经过联刚团10多年的努力,紧张形势有所缓和,2010年7月1日,依据安理会第1925(2010)号决议,联合国组织刚果民主共和国稳定特派团[Mission de l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour la stabilisation en République démocratique du Congo/United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO),联稳团]接管了该维和行动,反映了该国形势进入新阶段[1].

Objective To investigate the efficacy of perindopril,nifedipine and aminophylline in treatment of hypoxic-pulmonary hypertension(HPH).Methods Perindopril,nifedipine and aminophylline were evaluated on 54 persons who worked on the plateau above 5 000 meters.They received different therapies in randomized 3 groups for three months.Perindopril group(n=16) was given oral administration of perindopril of 4 mg once per day.Nifedipine group(n=20) was given oral administration of nifedipine of 10 mg twice per day.Aminophylline group(n=18) was given oral administration of polypharmacy of aminophylline tablets of 100 mg and red sage root drop pills of 10 pcs three times per day.The right ventricular end-diastolic diameter(RVED),right ventricular end diastolic inside diameter(RVEDD),right ventricular wall thickness(RVAW),right ventricular outflow tract(RVOT),pulmonary trunk inside diameter(MPA) and venous blood examination of superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),nitric oxide(NO),nitric oxide synthase(NOS),alanine aminotransferase enzyme(ALT),aspartate base aminotransferase(AST) hemoglobin(Hb) and hematocrit(Hct) were detected before and after treatment.Result(1) RVED,RVAW and RVOT of aminophylline group decreased significantly after treatment(P < 0.01 or P < 0.05).RVED,RVAW,RVOT and MPA of nifedipine group decreased significantly after treatment(P < 0.01).RVED,RVAW,RVOT of perindopril group decreased significantly after treatment(P < 0.01).RVOT in perindopril group was lower than in aminophylline group(P > 0.05).RVAW and RVOT in perindopril group were lower than in nifedipine group(P > 0.05).(2) NOS of aminophylline group increased but BUN decreased significantly(P > 0.05).NO,NOS,SOD in nifedipine group increased but MDA,BUN decreased significantly(P > 0.01).NO,NOS,SOD in perindopril group increased obviously(P > 0.01) while MDA,BUN decreased significantly(P < 0.05).NO in perindopril group was higher than in nifedipine group and aminophylline group(P < 0.05).(3) ALT,AST and BUN of aminophylline group and nifedipine group decreased significantly(P < 0.01 or P < 0.05).ALT,AST,r-GT,BUN of perindopril group decreased obviously(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) while Hct,Hb showed no statistically significant difference(P > 0.05).Conclusion Oral treatment with aminophylline,perindopril and nifedipine can lower the incidence of HPH at high altitude.Perindopril is more effective than aminophylline and nifedipine in prevention of HPH.

<正>2011年7月18日～2012年3月31日,笔者赴刚果(金)执行维和卫勤保障任务,期间担任维和医疗分队防疫医师兼后勤官,主要负责分队卫生防疫保障和后勤协调及联络工作。自2003年至今,中国政府已向刚果(金)派出14批维和部队,维和医疗分队在卫生防疫工作方面积累了大量宝贵的经验。本文就刚果(金)维和医疗分队卫生防疫工作的组织与实施作进一步探讨。

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of prophylaxis on youth's chronic mountain sickness(CMS) who moved to an altitude of above 5 000 meters by long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). METHODS Ninety-six male youth stationed at 5 070 m, 5 200 m and 5 380 m took oxygen continuously by nasal cannula (LTOT group) every body per day. One year later, epidemiological survey were carried out according to the international CMS diagnostic criteria consist of examining right ventricle end-diastolic dimension (RVED), right ventricular anterior wall (RVAW), right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), main pulmonary artery (MPA), left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVSD) by ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus, and blood test of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) blood oxygen saturation (SaQ2). Then, they were compared with 91 males in the same group stationed at the same altitude (without any interventions, control group). RESULTS (1) The epidemiological survey showed that, SaO2 were increased significantly (P < 0.05) and the prevalence rate of CMS were decreased compared with that of control group (P < 0.05). (2) Echocardiography showed that SOD, NO, NOS were increased (P < 0.05 or 0.01) and LVSD, MPA had no significant difference compared with that of control group (P > 0.05). (3) Biochemical index showed that, SOD, NO, NOS were increased (P < 0.05 or 0.01), MDA, ALT, AST, LDH were decreased (P < 0.05 or 0.01) and gamma-GT, CK had no significant difference compared with that of the control group. CONCLUSION At high altitude, LTOT can reduce lipid peroxidation, improve the important organ injuries caused by hypoxia and protect the mitochondria respiratory function and play an important role on the prevention of chronic mountain sickness.

Objective To test and verify the effects of benzyamine hydrochloride,a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug,to prevent acute mountain sickness.Methods Totally 118 cases of healthy young soldiers were randomly divided into four groups respectively treated by placebo(n=20),compound rhodiola(n=33),compound codonopsis capsules(n=33),benzyamine hydrochloride(n=33) starting 5 days before departure and quickly approached into the altitude 5 200 m from 1 400 m in 5 days.Blood oxygen saturation(SaO2) and heart rate(HR) were regularly tested and acute mountain sickness symptoms of subjects were follow-up recorded and scored according to the military standard GJB1098-91;Basic high altitude acclimatization physiological parameters were determined and evaluated from seventh day after reaching the plateau.Results The effect of benzyamine hydrochloride to prevent headache and vomiting due to high altitude was significantly superior to placebo during the trial period,and the effect of prevention of headache was also better than compound codonopsisand compound rhodiola.GJB score of benzyamine hydrochloride in acute mountain sickness,SaO2,HR and basic high altitude acclimatization physiological parameters were significantly superior to placebo in the third and fifth day at the altitude 5 200 m.Conclusion The effect of benzyamine hydrochloride to prevent acute mountain sickness is remarkable.

<正>某部奉命执行某地区维稳任务。该地区环境特殊、形势复杂,执勤官兵除流动巡逻和定点执勤外,还要处置随时可能发生的各类突发事件,必要时曾经24h不间断巡逻,任务非常艰巨。为提高广大官兵的健康水平,制定出合理有效的

Objective To investigate cognition degree of plateau and acute altitude sickness of military officers and soldiers who would make rush entry into plateau area and provide reference for establishment of normalized propaganda and education program.Methods Questionnaire was employed to investigate 350 military officers and soldiers in plain area who would make rush entry into plateau area of different altitudes,and the results obtained underwent statistical analysis.Results The respondents showed generally poor awareness of plateau and acute altitude sickness and severe lack of related knowledge;there were no significant differences among different nationalities and educational degrees of military officers and soldiers.It was found that the awareness of acute altitude sickness increased with the altitude of plateau areas where they would stationed.Conclusion Improving their understanding of plateau and acute altitude sickness in the military force would be beneficial for preserving their health and maintaining fighting capacity.

Objective To investigate the immediate prophylactic effect of benzydamine hydrochloride on acute high altitude reaction.Methods Total 118 healthy young officers and soldiers were randomly divided into placebo group(n = 20),compound Rhodiola rosea group(n = 33),compound radix Codonopsis group(n = 33) and benzydamine hydrochloride group(n = 33).All subjects departed from the plain(1 400 m altitude) and progressed into the plateau(5 200 m altitude) in 5 d.Saturation of blood oxygen(SaO2) and heart rate were dynamically examined.The symptoms of acute high altitude reaction were recorded and GJB score was calculated according to the military sanitary standard GJB 1098-91 the Principle for Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute High Altitude Reaction.The basic physiological indices for altitude acclimatization were measured on 7 d in the plateau.At last,the pharmacodynamic action was evaluated.Results The prophylactic effect on hypoxia-associated headache and emesis in benzydamine hydrochloride group was superior to that in placebo group,and the alleviating effect on headache was even better than that in compound Rhodiola rosea group and compound radix Codonopsis group.Compared with those in placebo group,the GJB score,SaO2 and HR on 3,5 d in the plateau,and basic physiological indices for altitude acclimatization were all superior.Conclusion Benzydamine hydrochloride is effective for prevention and treatment of acute high altitude reaction.

汶川大地震后,许多基础设施和公共保障体系如饮水设施和供水管线、居住的房屋和建筑物、厂矿厂房等都遭到坏,道路塌方和泥石流以及山体滑坡等次生灾害,对人们的饮水卫生、食品供应和居住生活环境以及身体健康构成威胁.卫生防病和防疫消杀工作是抗震救灾工作重中之重,兰州军区疾病预防控制中心积极投入汶川地震灾害救援,以最快速度奔赴灾区进行卫生防疫消毒杀虫和灭鼠等卫生救工作.

Objective To understand the drinking and smoking situation of the servicemen in Northwest regions. Methods 973 of Servicemen aged45 yrs from troops in Shanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai provinces were investigated by stratified cluster random Sampling on their smoking, drinking and age, education level. The data was analyzed by the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis with SPSS13.0 software. Results The smoking rate was 46.97% , drinking and excessive drinking rate was 61.77% and 18.60%, respectively. Smoking rate in servicemen aged 20-29 yrs was higher than those in aged above 30 and under 20 yrs (OR=1.59, 95%CI=1.05-2.39), officer drinking and excessive drinking rate were higher than soldiers (OR 2.97, 95%CI 1.50-5.88; OR 2.91, 95%CI 1.45-5.86). Conclusion Smoking and excessive drinking rates are relatively high in the servicemen of Northwest regions; the armed force should focus on the health education of the servicemen.

"5·12"汶川大地震后,许多基础设施和公共保障体系如饮水设施和供水管线、居住的房屋和建筑物、厂矿厂房等都遭到破坏,道路塌方和泥石流以及山体滑坡等次生灾害,都对人类的饮水卫生、食品供应和居住生活环境以及身体健康构成威胁.在这种条件下的卫生防病和防疫消杀工作就显得格外重要和紧迫.

Objective:To explore the blood lipid level and epidemiological characteristics of hyperlipemia for military officers in five provinces of North-west China.Methods: The serum TC and TG levels in 7 172 subjects obtained by stratified sampling were analyzed.Results: In five provinces of North-west China,incidence of TC and TG for military male and female officers were 4.15% and 5.18%;13.60% and 8.47%,respectively.These data suggested that both for men at the age of 45 to 54 years and for women at the age of 55 to 64 years,the incidence of hyperlipemia increased rapidly.Conclusion: The incidence of hyperlipemia for the military officers in the North-west China is higher than that of national level.As for hyperlipemia,middle-aged male and menopausal female officers should be paid attention to.

葡萄籽提取物(grape seed extract,GSE)中含有包括原花青素在内的多种活性物质.国外研究证明GSE对人乳腺癌细胞、肺癌细胞和胃癌细胞均有细胞毒性作用[1～3],但对宫颈癌细胞的作用未见报道.本文利用体外培养法系统研究了GSE对Hela细胞增殖能力和细胞存活量的影响,为葡萄籽在人类癌症预防中的更广泛应用提供理论依据.