In this study we adopt single factor pollution index and potential ecological risk index model to evaluate the contents of heavy metal elements Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Pb and As in the soil of tidal flat wetland along the southeast coast of Liaodong peninsula.Furthermore,we analyze pollution levels and potential ecological risks.The results show that:The mean values of six heavy metals in study area soil are 93.6,75.6,28.9,79.7,35.6 and 12.6mg/kg,respectively.T he average pollution in-dexs of the six heavy metal elements are 0.96,1.94,0.91,0.80,0.69 and 0.84.From the big to small order Ni > Cr > Cu > As>Zn>Pb,indicating that Ni elements is the moderate pollution and the Cr and Cu elements are mild pollution.The average values of the potential ecological risk factors of the 6 heavy metals are 3.12,12.60,2.89,1,7.13 and 8.39.The comprehensive potential ecolog-ical risk index is 35.12.This indicates that it has the threat of a slight potential ecological risk of each heavy metal element and 6 kinds of heavy metal elements are slightly integrated into the threat of potential ecological risk in the study area.

为给碧流河下游农田土壤的可持续利用提供参考依据,基于实验测试数据,采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法及潜在生态危害指数法,对碧流河下游水貂养殖区的农田土壤重金属污染状况进行分析评价.结果表明:碧流河下游农田土壤重金属元素Cr、Ni、Zn、Cu、As和Pd含量的平均值均超出辽宁省土壤背景值;6种重金属元素的单因子污染指数依次为Ni>Zn>Cu>Cr>As>Pd;农田土壤重金属内梅罗综合污染指数为3.99,农田土壤整体处于重污染水平;6种重金属元素的潜在生态危害指数依次为Ni>As>Cu>Pd>Zn>Cr,潜在生态危害综合指数为49.4—196.6,平均值为132.6,农田土壤整体表现为轻微生态危害.农田土壤中Ni、Cr和Cu的累积可能主要来源于碧流河流域的工、农业排放物和水貂养殖业貂笼清除物,Pd的累积可能主要来源于沿岸居民倾倒和焚烧的生活垃圾,以及不合理的农业经营活动.

[Objective] The surface soil characteristics of different vegetation types of ancient block streamperiglacial landform at mountain areas in Eastern Liaoning Province were studied to provide basic data and scientific basis for the management and protection of soil ecological environment of the periglacial landforms.[Methods] Quantitative characteristics of soil environment under different vegetation types in the periglacial area of Laotudingzi Mt.,including broadleaved deciduous forest,mixed broadleaf-conifer forest,dark coniferous forest and shrub-grassland were studied by means of field survey and laboratory analysis.[Results] In the periglacial area,the investigated soils all belong to acid leached soil,containing a variety of oxides.Significant differences in soil properties among different vegetation types existed:in comparison,meadow thicket soil surface temperature is higher,the proportion of capillary pores is larger,and the water storage capacity is stronger.Theropencedrymion soil specific gravity is smaller,loose degree is better,soil organic matter content is higher.Dark coniferous forest soil acidity is stronger.There are more litters in deciduous broad-leaved forest and theropencedrymion,soil moisture conducive to plant growth,water conservation and soil and water conservation function is better.[Conclusion] Altitude had significant effects on soil properties,and there was a clear quantitative relationship between soil properties,and litter stock and nutrient reserves.The preservation of that area can maintain the habitat stability of soil nutrition.

对辽东山地冰缘地貌上覆土壤沉积物进行磁化率及粒度的测试分析,结果表明:土壤沉积中亚铁磁性矿物含量较大,质量磁化率较高.细粒沉积中超顺磁(SP)、单畴(SD)和多畴(MD)晶粒混合存在,少数样品几乎不含超顺磁(SP)晶粒.土壤质地以粘土质粉砂为主,粉砂其次,偶见砂质粉砂.土壤粒级整体偏细,分选不好,正偏居多,峰态多为很窄峰.磁化率高低与粒径大小存在显著的相关关系,粒度越粗、原生矿物含量越大,质量磁化率表现越高;粒度越细、单畴、多畴、超顺磁颗粒组分越多,频率磁化率表现越强.受化学风化作用微弱的土壤对应磁学特征更明显,磁化率与粒度的组合特征对研究土壤质地、成壤水平具有积极意义.

为探究辽东山区冰缘地貌表层土壤的质地特征及侵蚀强度,对48个典型冰缘地貌的土壤样品进行粒度测试分析,结果表明:研究区土壤级配良好,且径级跨度较大,质地以黏土质粉砂为主,粉砂其次,偶见砂质粉砂.土壤粒度整体较细(粒度参数平均粒径Mz的φ值约6.45),分选差(标准偏差σⅠ约1.89),以正偏居多(约占58％),峰态多为很窄峰(约占83％);粒度频率分布包括单峰(25％)、双峰(50％)和多峰(25％);结合萨胡判据和南北坡土壤粒度不对称等特征,初步推测早期土壤沉积组分来自近源浅表风化和远源风成沉降,其混合组分经冰缘流水搬运改造后形成土壤沉积.根据分维值(约2.28)、级配比例及敏感组分的提取可知,沉积水动力不强,地表植被覆盖越优良,对流水侵蚀能力的消耗和抑制则越显著.供试样品的粒度特征反映流水侵蚀强度不大,植被覆盖发挥了重要的水土保持功能.

对辽东山地典型冰缘地貌上覆土壤的粒度、常微量化学元素进行测试分析,结果表明:土壤颗粒组成包括黏粒20.79％、粉粒69.54％和砂粒9.67％,平均粒径整体偏细,约为6.45Φ,不同土壤类型、地貌类型及坡向的粒度分布存在一定差异.土壤元素化学组成以SiO2 (45.60％),Al2O3(12.90％),Fe2O3(3.90％),K2O(2.17％)为主,最大比例可达73.36％.元素Ca,Na,P,Sr显著淋溶,而Mn,Ti,Cu,Zn则相对富集,其他元素迁移不甚明显.少数元素还表现出与粒度分布存在显著关联,其中K,Na,Sr,Ba多存在于砂质土壤中,而元素Ti则容易在粒度更细致的黏土颗粒中留存.化学风化指数CIA均值约为65.50,Rb/Sr约为0.70,反映风化程度较低,且长期经历干冷气候,A-CN-K三角模型表明,研究区土壤风化以脱钙钠、富铝为主,风化水平尚处于低等风化阶段中后期.

The content of several micro-elements,such as zinc(Zn),iron(Fe),chromium(Cr),aluminum(Al),manganese(Mn),copper(Cu),and other macro-elements such as calcium(Ca),magnesium(Mg) in Anodonta woodina was determined by ICP-AES and the distributing characteriwstic of micro-elements in the soft tissue analyzed.The results indicate that(1) In all the tissues,the range of average detrmination of elements is:w(Ca)w(Mn)w(Mg)w(Fe)w(Zn)w(Al)w(Cr)w(Cu);(2)The content of elements in diffferent soft tissue is different.The content of elements in gills and mantles is higher than that of than other,especially Mn and Fe.The content of Mn is higher macro-element Mg,micro-element Al is the most of all in the adductor muscles.

The content of trace elements zinc(Zn),iron(Fe),copper(Cu)and manganese(Mn)in the livers of swine,rabbit,sheep and fowl was determined by ICP-AES and the content of selenium(Se)was determined by new polarograph method.The amount of linoleic acid and γ-linolenic acid was measured by GC.The results show that in the five trace elements determined,the content of Fe is the highest,next is Zn,and Se is the lowest.Besides,in four animal livers,the amount of Zn,Fe and Se (fresh weight)in rabbit liver is 34.00 μg/g,151.70 μg/g and 0.14 μg/g respectively,higher than that of other animal livers.The content of Cu (fresh weight)in sheep liver(65.72 μg/g)and that of Mn (fresh weight)in fowl liver(1.94 μg/g)are the highest in the livers of four animals.Moreover,the amount of essential fatty acid linoleic acid (fresh weight)in rabbit liver is 24.08%,the content of γ-linolenic acid (fresh weight)in fowl liver is 1.08%,higher than the amount in other animal livers.So,when using animal livers as nutrition sources,should consider the characteristics of trace elements and essential fatty acids,and utilize their nutritional value effectively.

本文研究了大连蛇岛上蝮蛇体内各组织中微量元素的含量,并对样品的前处理等做了一些探讨,获得了满意的结果.

据专家认为,儿童缺锌与缺钙是同时存在的,儿童发锌、钙的测试在国内已常见报导.我中心实验室从1989年至今一直从事新生儿、婴幼儿、儿童发中钙、锌以及其他一些微量元素的测试,对1990年到1999年大连地区3～6岁正常儿童发中锌、钙含量的变化进行统计分析.

在20±0.5℃下,用P538环已烷溶液从硫氰酸盐介质中,萃取钒(Ⅳ)机理为离子交换机理,萃合物组成VO2+:SCN-:HA-=1:1:1,萃取率为82.5%.