随着我国对生态文明建设的重视程度不断提高,铁路工程因其对生态环境影响类型多、程度大、范围广等特点受到了广泛关注.不断扩张的铁路工程网络与生态环境保护之间的协同愈显重要,亟需形成适用于铁路工程生态风险识别与应对的系统框架.本文利用文本数据,基于LDA、Word2Vec和PCA三种机器学习模型,识别得到铁路工程的8类生态风险以及其对应风险源和应对策略,形成"风险识别—风险溯源—风险应对"的铁路工程生态风险管理架构.本文提出基于机器学习的铁路工程风险识别与应对的模型方法,补充了现有研究的方法体系;同时,本文提出的"风险识别—风险溯源—风险应对"的研究架构亦丰富了铁路工程生态风险管理和保护的理论内涵.

南水北调工程供水区与受水区间因发展和补偿的非协调而导致矛盾越发凸显,亟待建立生态补偿予以化解.鉴于现有研究较少在不确定因素影响下对补偿主客体的决策行为以及纵向补偿与横向补偿的配比关系进行探索,本文结合演化博弈论与随机过程,构建了中央政府、供水区政府与受水区政府的随机演化博弈模型,分析了建立生态补偿的最优策略、约束条件及因素影响.研究发现:受水区政府是建立南水北调生态补偿的关键,其决策易受到初始概率、水环境保护成本、监管成本与随机扰动等因素的影响;惩罚是有效推动受水区政府参与生态补偿的环境规制方式;生态补偿标准及其配比会在方向与程度上影响各政府的决策.

大型复杂工程的复杂性挑战已经成为全球性难题,以人工智能为代表的数字技术为应对复杂性提供了新机遇.面对智能建造与运维的新趋势,如何实现管理智能化同步耦合并开拓新的理论和方法,正成为一个新的重要研究领域.在介绍研究现状和发展趋势的基础上,分析智能建造与运维的管理变革,展望建立新情景下工程管理理论和方法面临的典型科学问题,旨在为数字时代工程管理研究提供方向性参考,帮助巩固"中国建造"的学术话语体系.

重大工程建设中多主体协作促成创新已成常态,但涉及其中交互关系的研究并不深入.基于创新生态系统视角,选取港珠澳大桥工程开展案例研究,以深化对重大工程不同类别创新主体间主要关系的理解.研究将重大工程创新生态系统种间关系定位为"共生",发现其在创新主体交互过程中呈现出四项典型特征:关系结构的局部对称,交互内容的动态多样,利益影响的双向共存,活动界限的全面弱化.进而提出了"愿景共启-责任共担-情景共融"的针对性治理策略,以促进创新生态系统的良性运转和参与主体的协同发展.研究结果揭示了重大工程创新活动过程中主体交互关系方面的关键逻辑细节,为优化重大工程创新管理实践提供了关系视角的理论参考.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">重大基础设施工程是国家社会经济发展的生命线,并已经成为我国技术创新的重要平台。本文聚焦港珠澳大桥技术创新管理,基于扎根理论方法 ,研究重大工程全景式创新范式,从全方位创新、全过程创新和全主体创新3个维度进行分析,揭示重大工程全景式创新的治理逻辑,为推动重大工程高质量发展提供理论支撑。</span>

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">不同于一般工程创新和企业创新,重大工程技术创新以需求为导向,是基于"目标锁定"的技术创新活动。重大工程创新生态系统的完备构建与有效运转对于重大工程的顺利实施和创新主体的价值共创具有重要意义。本文解构重大工程创新生态系统的创新主体构成,揭示重大工程创新生态系统的动态演化规律（主要表现为多主体共生竞合、多阶段交互演化、跨项目动态迁移）,探讨创新场对于创新力提升的影响机理。基于港珠澳大桥工程案例,分析其创新生态系统的要素构成和动态演化,发现对于创新生态位专一和创新生态势较低的创新主体,创新生态网络对于其竞争力提升的效应更加明显。最后讨论了研究贡献和实践启示,以期为重大工程创新力提升提供理论依据。</span>

重大工程是指投资规模大,复杂性高,对国家政治、经济、社会、科技发展、环境保护、公众健康与国家安全等具有重要影响的大型公共工程,如大型桥梁、城市地铁、高速公路铁路、大型水电站等.与传统意义上的工程项目不同,重大工程是经济发展程度的标志,它可以改变社会结构,在环境、主体、方案质量、形成路径等方面具有多方面的独特性和复杂性.重大工程在决策、融资、建设和运营等方面都具有极大的挑战,一旦失误或错误,不仅对重大工程自身带来巨大损失,而且对与工程密切相关的社会、经济、自然环境造成巨大危害.

企业环境绩效是环境战略及其执行的结果,董事会在公司内部治理机制中处于核心地位,董事会对环境战略制定、执行监督负直接责任,因此,董事会特征与环境绩效密切相关。基于代理理论,利用740家制造业上市公司2008~2010年的数据,对董事会特征与环境绩效之间的关系进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,董事会独立性、连锁性、规模对环境绩效有正面影响,而与西方发达国家的研究结论相反,董事会持股对环境绩效有负面影响。另外,虽然资源松弛性与环境绩效之间的关系错综复杂,但是研究发现,资源松弛性能够增强董事会连锁性对环境绩效的正面影响。证实了董事会在我国企业环境治理中的重要性,为企业环境治理和政府相关政策制定提供了理论基础。

For new product development,we construct a conceptual model and propose several theoretical hypotheses based on theoretical analysis and studies on customer participation,absorptive capacity,technological innovation.We test these hypotheses using the survey data from 475 companies,mainly from the Yangtze River delta. We develop the measurement for customer participation in new product development,systematically characterize the performance of customer participation in various stages of new products development and reveal the effect of customer participation on enterprise technological innovation performance in various stages in new product development,and the company's own moderating effect of the absorptive capability.The results show that enterprises' absorptive capacity owes a successive adjustment effect at each stage of new product development.Customer involvement gradually formed aco-developingmode and an information providingmode.Although the main effect of relationship building between customers and enterprises on the technological innovation performance is significant,it is not moderated by the absorptive capacity.We discuss also the practical implications for the enterprises within Chinese management context.

Based on Upper Echelons theory,we attempt to build an explanatory framework for analyzing the association between biographical characteristics of TMT and corporate environmental responsibility(CER).Using the samples from Chinese manufacturing listed companies,we empirically examined the influence of TMT's biographical characteristics on CER.The results show that higher proportion of women contributes to the performance of CER,while other biographical characteristics(i.e.,age,tenure,proportion of executives with technological background,education and title) as well as the heterogeneity have no significant impact on CER.The study also shows that Upper Echelons theory indicating the relationship between CER and TMT's heterogeneity may face theoretical difficulties.The direction of further research is proposed as well.

The research on relationship between technical change and structure of human resources is the focus for researchers on technological changes and HRM.This paper reviews the theoretical framework of technical changes in the West under the HRM structure.It focuses on three aspects:technical change and structure of skills,staff wages,and employment structure.Comments have been made based on the focus of future research.

自主创新已经成为打造企业核心竞争力的不竭动力。随着中小企业创新活动的广泛性和深入性,逐步暴露出很多问题和不足。文章从实证角度,通过问卷调查和重点访谈方式对中小企业自主创新的内部和外部制约因素进行了研究。并在此基础上提出了相应的政策建议。

As technological innovation models are gradually characterized by integrated innovative resources and synergic innovative main body,synergic innovation is becoming a hot research field.It reviews the studies on trans-regional synergic innovation network of innovative cluster.Based on synergy theory,it analyzes the new development of the influence factors,network mechanisms,and networks construction in the field of trans-regional synergic network of innovative cluster.Finally,the future research trend and emphases are given.

This paper constructed an impacting factor model of technology innovation of SMEs including 10 factors,such as financial capital,R D intensity,innovation network etc.Based on a survey with a sample of 188 SMEs in Shanghai and Shenzhen,this study explored the factors and mechanism impacting the technology innovation of SMEs by using Factor Analysis and Categorical Regression.This result indicates that 8 factors such as financial capital,R D intensity,technically qualified staffs,have positive effect on technology innovation of SMEs,and among which the effect of R D intensity and financial capital is most significant.However,it finds that current policies have negative effect on innovation of SMEs.

Under the conditions of lack of the synergic mechanism of technology innovation in metropolitan region, based on the perspectives of synergy and evolutionary game theory, this paper analyzed the inherent mechanism of synergy for main bodies of technological innovation in metropolitan region. The result shows that there are multiple balances in the process of synergy for main bodies of technological innovation in metropolitan region. The co-evolution for main bodies of technological innovation in metropolitan region depends on the self-organizing mechanisms of the metropolitan innovation system, or the regulation and control, and restraint mechanism. And the mechanisms which play a dominant role in the process of co-evolution are subject to the initial state, strategy regulation and long-term learning. Therefore, effective relationships of trust and binding agreement for main bodies of technological innovation in metropolitan region should be built so as to establish long-term and stable cooperative relations within the metropolitan region.

集成创新是技术创新的重要形式和方法,集成创新的范式经历了从个体创新到联合创新再到技术创新协同的演变.而在信息革命和经济全球化的背景下,供应链技术创新协同成为集成创新的一种新范式.同时,本文提出供应链技术创新协同的研究框架并对研究内容作初步讨论.

Based on the method of statistical analysis and survey,the constraints,policy needs and sources of information of technological innovation of 102 SMEs of Shanghai region was analyzed.The technique of Relative Important Index(RII) is used to explore the relative importance of the constraints,policy needs and sources of information.The findings indicate that the lack of brains is the most important constraints(RII=0.706);the policy for tax reduction is the most favorable policy(RII=0.722) and the information from customers is the most important information sources(RII=0.831) for SMEs.

This paper discusses the regional innovation system theory of ST industrial cluster from the perspective of continuous innovation.On the basis of interpreting its structural elements and operational process,from the perspective of system theory and synergy theory,we designs the operation model of continuous innovative system of ST industrial cluster and analyzes the inherent operational mechanism and coupling mechanism of continuous innovation.Finally,based on the synergic theory,we study the synergic evolutional mechanism,two-latitudinal mode and process model of continuous innovative system.

There is relation between life circle of ST industrial cluster and that of constant innovation.It discusses the internal evolution mechanism and builds up uhe mathematical model of the industrial cluster constant innovation.In addition,it analyzes the characteristics and evolution mechanism of each stage of the ST industrial cluster by constructing the correlative analytic model between the life cycle of ST industrial cluster and that of constant innovation.Finally,the analysis is focused on electric industrial cluster of Yangtze Delta.

With the ST industrial cluster being an important force in international competition,the level of innovation and development for cluster region is measured by the ability to continuously innovation of ST industrial cluster.According this trend,based on the analysis of the structure of constant innovation system for ST industrial cluster,we constructed the evaluation system of ST industrial cluster constant innovation,selected 22 original indexes,which can measure the ability to constantly innovate,and used factor analysis model to conduct a comprehensive evaluation to sustained innovation capability of Qingdao economic and technical development zone.Therefore,we can explore internal development rules for ST industrial cluster constant innovation and provide policy grounds for the development of ST industrial cluster.The conclusion is as follows: the three constant innovation factors by using factor analysis model classified are consistent with the evaluation system of the constant innovation ability of ST industrial cluster.