The test guidelines and standards of plant variety for distinctness, uniformity and stability（short for DUS） are the technical basis of DUS test. The guidelines and standards for DUS test may be divided into four types which are national standards, industry standards, test guidelines and international test guidelines. It is important that strengthen the management and application of the test guidelines and standards in order to improve the quality and efficiency on the rights of the new varieties of plants granted, varieties cultivation value verification and varieties registration. Aiming at the problems of repeated project establishment, lack of process monitoring, low text quality and difficulty of information sharing on the current test guidelines and standards management of agricultural plant varieties in China, this article proposes to strengthen informatization of the test guidelines and standards management, and conduct analysis and design of functional requirements on management system. It may improve the quantity and quality of research and development of test guidelines or standards, provide technical support for the expansion of the new plant varieties protected list, variety management, and the international exchange of testing technology in order to enhance the international competitiveness of China’s seed industry.

通过分析我国1969—2019年间公开报道的125个小豆育成品种信息,发现我国小豆育种主体较少,且以主产区科研教学单位为主;育种目标多元,主要育种方式由系统选育向杂交育种转变,并据此将我国小豆品种改良划分为3个阶段.首次对豆类作物品种的新品种保护情况进行梳理,对申请新品种保护积极性不高和授权较慢的原因进行分析.结合小豆育种现状和产业发展趋势,建议加强小豆基础研究,发挥资源优势;重视产权保护,完善管理体系;深挖发展潜力,促进产业发展.

植物品种特异性、一致性、稳定性(以下简称DUS)是品种的基本属性,DUS测试是品种管理的重要技术手段.近20年来,伴随着我国种业改革的不断深化,我国农业植物品种DUS测试体系(以下简称DUS测试体系)经历了从无到有,从小到大,从弱到强的发展历程,在品种管理和现代种业发展中的技术支撑作用日趋凸显.对DUS测试体系的发展历程进行了回顾,总结了DUS测试体系建设经验,并探讨了DUS测试体系发展目标.

植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南是开展DUS测试工作的重要技术手册,同时也是审查机构审查新品种DUS的技术标准.通过阐述仙客来DUS测试指南研制的主要过程和制订的主要方式,结合田间观测实验,最终确定了40个性状,包括38个基本性状和2个选测性状,以及6个分组性状和4个标准品种,同时对数量性状进行分级研究.仙客来DUS测试指南的制订有助于加强新品种的保护,切实维护育种者的利益,提高育种积极性.

The 51 traits were evaluated and 12 quantitative characteristics were classified with 39 Alstroemeria L.varieties.The measure method of 6 quantitative traits of inflorescence were studied.The relationship between the length of outer middle tepal and outer lateral tepal was also studied.The results showed that" Inflorescence:length of peduncle" and" Inflorescence:length of pedicle" were not suitable for DUS testing,43 characteristics were selected as DUS testing characteristics.12 quantitative traits can be classified into 3-7 continuous grades respectively.The measure method had obvious effect on the quantitative characteristics of inflorescence,random observation was recommended in DUS testing.Some characteristics of the same variety were different between two batches.In most Alstroemeria L.varieties,there were linear correlation between length of outer middle tepal and outer lateral tepal.Clustering analysis based on the morphological characters agreed with that "flower:the main color" could be used as grouping characteristic.

主要讨论了荷兰马蹄莲品种特异性、一致性和稳定性(简称DUS)测试技术,提出学习和借鉴荷兰测试技术和经验是必要的,有助于提高我国DUS测试水平和能力,更好地为品种管理提供技术支撑.

通过对现场考察国内外应用现状和我国农业植物品种现场考察存在的主要问题的分析,提出了制订现场考察技术规范、加强育种人DUS测试技术培训与宣传及加强审查人员队伍建设等措施,完善农业植物品种DUS现场考察方式.

植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性(DUS)测试在新品种保护、品种鉴定和市场监管等方面起着不可替代的作用,为现代农业健康发展提供了重要的技术支撑.通过分析我国DUS测试现状和所面临新形势,指出我国目前主要采取的集中测试,存在耗时长、投入高、占地多等突出问题,不适于我国快速发展的新品种保护事业,进而提出可将育种人测试制度作为重要的补充,以提高DUS测试效率,实现有效的植物新品种保护.

通过对DUS测试在种子产业链中参与环节的分解,分析了当前我国DUS测试体系面临的问题,提出了从组织体系和技术体系等方面完善DUS测试体系的建议,以便更好地服务于现代种业的发展.

分析了我国非主要农作物管理现状，提出了在借鉴国外植物品种管理主要经验的基础上，建立我国非主要农作物品种国家登记制度，填补我国植物新品种保护和品种审定以外的品种管理制度空白的建议。

介绍了UPOV测试指南的研制程序和主要方法,并提出了我国应当制订承担UPOV测试指南研制任务的长远规划、提供充足的研究经费和总结研制经验的建议,保证我国承担的UPOV测试指南研制质量和进度,提升我国在国际植物新品种领域的话语权。

At present,the problems of proposed denomination,novelty,similar varieties,plant material and so on are influencing on granting speed of application of ornamental plants varieties.Above those,some improving measures were given in the paper,such as applicants should reply to opinions of examination within designated term,the examining and approving authority may make regulations of testing for plant material submitted by applicants,improve conditions of testing,strengthen cooperation of testing technologies,and so on.These will accelerate the granting speed of the new varieties right and promote breeding innovation of ornamental plants in our country.

Features of breeder's test system for new plant varieties were discussed in the paper through introduction of mode of breeder's test system in Australia and Canada.It was also suggested that should further improve and perfect law and system on new varieties of plants,en-hance training of personnel resources for testing,and establish reward system of intellectual property protection in China.

一、新西兰植物品种保护总体情况 1.新西兰植物品种保护制度的发展新西兰植物新品种保护制度,即植物品种权制度,来源于植物选择者权利制度.《新西兰植物选择者权利法》于1973年立法,1975年实施.直到1978年修订替代了原始的法律并且做出了一系列的修改,其中一个重要的修改就是将"植物品种权"代替了"植物选择者权利",从而产生了《新西兰植物品种权法》.

It is hoped that national workers on protection of new varieties of plants and breeders understand foreign laws on the protection of new varieties of plants by introduction of Plant Breeder's Rights Act 1994 of Australia, recognize diffidence of level between China and other UPOV state members and contribute to achieve same international level on protection of new varieties of plants.

通过对澳大利亚《1994年植物育种者权利法》特点的分析,希望帮助国内植物新品 种保护工作者、育种家和科研人员对其他UPOV成员国植物新品种保护法律的了解,意识到我国植 物新品种保护水平与国外的差距,促进我国植物新品种保护水平与国际接轨。

讨论了当前农业植物新品种保护中品种命名存在的主要问题,并根据国际植物新品种保护公约中植物新品种的命名原则和我国植物新品种保护条例实施五年的经验对农业植物新品种的命名提出了改进意见.

应用边界层校正法,研究了一类广义Hammerstein型积分方程的奇异摄动问题.假设问题在积分边界出现边界层,在适当条件下获得了方程的渐近解,并且证明了解的存在性.将这类问题的线性结果推广到了非线性情形.