通过分析国际食品法典委员会(Codex Alimentarius Commission,CAC)框架下食品安全风险分析过程中的食品安全风险交流机制,并分析食品安全风险交流的基本特性,明确其基本概念、风险交流形式及基本原则,同时探讨CAC食品安全风险交流的监管工作及风险交流的注意事项,以期从风险交流的主体、参与平台以及国际合作多个角度为我国食品安全监管中风险交流工作提供参考.

镰刀菌毒素是污染我国粮食作物的主要毒素之一.本文针对食品和饲料中的主要污染镰刀菌毒素,就其限量和分析方法标准进行了梳理,比较国内外的差异,为不断补充和完善我国农产品中镰刀菌毒素检测标准体系工作提供参考.

“一律标准”是日本“肯定列表制度”的核心内容.本文分析了日本的“肯定列表制度”及其实施后给各方带来的影响;从国内监管需求、占领国际贸易制高点的需求以及增强消费者信心的需求等角度,阐述了加快制定我国农药残留“一律标准”的必要性,分析了制定“一律标准”应把握的原则与对策.

微生物污染是鲜切蔬菜最重要的安全风险,也是消费者关注的热点问题.本文针对鲜切蔬菜的生产关键控制点,从原料生产控制、 原料分拣与预冷、 清洗与灭菌、 切分和整理、 包装与贮藏、 人员与环境卫生等环节对鲜切蔬菜的微生物污染来源进行识别分析,并综述了其主要控制措施.

本文概述了农业标准的国际特点,深入分析了我国农业标准体系建设的现状和发展中存在的问题及不足,提出了适合国情的农业标准体系建设对策和建议.

私营标准对企业增强其市场竞争力有十分重要的作用。本文基于国内外农产品私营标准发展的现状，分析了我国农产品私营标准发展中存在的问题及不足，探讨了我国应对私营标准国际化的有效手段，提出了适合我国国情的农产品私营标准发展新思路。

加强构建和完善马铃薯标准体系, 是实施马铃薯主食化战略的一项重要的基础性工作. 本文在研究国外马铃薯标准体系建设趋势, 系统梳理我国马铃薯现行国家和地方层级标准的基础上, 剖析了我国马铃薯标准的现状和主要问题, 并提出了发展思路和对策建议.

为了健全中国植物检疫体系、充分发挥植物检疫在农业生产和贸易中的作用,总结了国际植物保护公约组织、区域性植物保护组织、TBT/SPS协议和检疫双边协定的现状.同时,重点从机构设置、法律法规及标准方面阐述了美国、欧盟、日本和澳大利亚等发达国家和组织的植物检疫体系及其特点,并且对中国目前的植物检疫体系进行了归纳,结合中国实际情况,在完善植物检疫性法律法规和标准体系、推进有害生物风险分析,加强检验检疫项目合作,积极参与国际标准的制定等方面提出了建议,更好地保护中国农产品国际贸易.

以植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性(DUS)测试指南中选定的49个水稻标准品种为材料,采用农业行业标准(NY/1433-2077)中推荐的24对水稻SSR引物进行DNA指纹图谱构建和遗传多样性分析.结果表明,24对SSR引物在19个籼稻和30个粳稻品种中分别检测到141和156个等位变异,平均每对引物可以检测到5.88(籼稻)和6.50(粳稻)个等位变异;籼、粳稻类群中24对SSR引物的平均Shannon's多样性指数分别为1.5141(1.0460 ～1.9959)和1.4389 (0.4677～2.4503);经聚类分析后,籼、粳稻群体内品种间的相似系数分别介于0.45 ～0.81和0.36 ～ 0.76,取相似系数0.72为阈值,可将19个籼稻和30个粳稻品种分别分为16类和28类.由此可见,本研究的49个品种的遗传多样性丰富.结合形态性状和基因型聚类分析结果,可将现有的49个水稻DUS测试标准品种减少到46个.

[目的]研究灭草松在大豆及土壤中的残留消解趋势,评价其在大豆上使用的安全性.[方法]采用液相色谱(HPLC)对31％灭草松·三氟羧草醚·氟磺胺草醚微乳剂在3地大豆和土壤中的残留消解动态和最终残留进行了研究.[结果]灭草松在大豆植株中的半衰期为0.7～7.2d,在土壤中的半衰期为1.8～8.6d.大豆苗后施药,在收获期采收的鲜食青豆和成熟大豆中残留量都低于最低检出限0.02 mg/kg.[结论]灭草松按照推荐方法和剂量使用,在大豆上使用是安全的.

利用水稻DUS测试指南(2012版)中的38个水稻标准品种和52个基本测试性状对上海地区的172个粳稻地方品种进行遗传多样性分析,并与14个上海地区选育的申请品种保护的粳稻品种作比较.结果表明:地方品种表型性状共检测到176个等位变异,平均每个测试性状检测到3.6667个,变幅介于1～8个.Shannon's多样性指数(H')平均值为0.6834,变幅介于0 ～1.9327,77.08％的性状存在3个及以上的等位变异;地方品种的等位变异数、每个性状的等位变异数及其变异幅度、多样性指数平均值等均大于现代育成品种,在外观形态上,地方品种的遗传多样性比现代育成品种更丰富.利用UPGMA法进行聚类分析发现在相似系数为0.53时,可将186个粳稻品种分为3个类(亚)群,现代育成品种单独组成一个亚群;而主坐标分析将186个粳稻品种明显的分为地方品种和现代育成品种两大区.地方品种具有丰富的多样性,与现代育成品种具有明显的形态差异,可为今后粳稻育成品种的改良提供更多的形态基础.

Combined with the green revolution in agriculture, green food has become the hotspot of current agricultural production and consumption. With the development of green food, the work of the quality and safety of agricultural products and the transformation of agricultural production is promoted to achieve the scientific production and rational consumption for agricultural products. This article described the development status of green food in Guangdong, and then analyzed the problems and shortcomings. Some possible suggestions were put forward for the realization of further stable and healthy development of green food industry in Guangdong province, and providing a reference for strengthening agricultural product quality and safety supervision.

为筛选一组适合甘蓝型油菜DNA指纹鉴定的核心SSR引物,进而构建甘蓝型油菜品种的SSR指纹图谱库,本研究采用6％变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术和毛细管电泳技术,对952对甘蓝型油菜SSR引物进行筛选.采用入选的核心引物,以等位变异大小形式,构建184份甘蓝型油菜品种的指纹图谱,并对影响等位变异大小的因素进行分析.综合考虑引物多态性信息含量(PIC)、条带清晰度、重复性及染色体分布,确定47对核心引物.结果表明,47对引物检测到51个位点,平均每条染色体2.6个,PIC值介于0.2314 ～0.9253,平均为0.6004.等位变异大小影响因素分析结果表明,荧光基团(6-FAM、HEX、ROX和TAMRA)对等位变异的影响介于0 ～5 bp,不同型号DNA分析仪的系统误差介于1～4bp.本研究筛选的核心引物多态性丰富,可用于甘蓝型油菜品种鉴定及指纹图谱构建,不同批次样品指纹图谱的整合可采用参考品种DNA进行校正.

种子是最重要的、基础性的农业生产资料,是育种家通过辛勤的工作培育出来的,育种者向国家申请通过有关审查和审批取得植物品种权。植物品种权是种业知识产权的核心,是种业竞争的关键。分析了我国植物品种保护方面目前存在的主要问题,提出促进种业健康发展的几点政策建议。

To assess the distinctness of homonymous Brassica napus L.varieties from different resources,91 materials of 42 varieties were employed in this study.29 characteristics used in DUS(distinctness,uniformity,stability) testing were examined by field trial in which homonymous varieties were grown side by side.At the same time,43 SSR markers developed by our previous research were applied for fingerprint analysis.We evaluated the distinctness of homonymous varieties by characteristics used in DUS testing and SSR markers.Results showed that in total 56 pairs,39.3 percent(22 pairs) of homonymous varieties were greatly distinct from each other not only on morphological traits but also on SSR markers.26.8 percent(15 pairs) of tested homonymous varieties were extremely similar and Kinship coefficient analysis revealed that these varieties have a very close relationship.The percentage of accession without significance difference was only 33.9(19 pairs).These results suggested that it is a common phenomenon that homonymous varieties from different resources are actually homonyms.Therefore,it is suggested for department of varieties collection management to supervise homonymous varieties closely.

With the rapid development of molecular techniques, molecular markers used in assisting DUS testing have become a hot topic. In order to exploring feasibility of screening similar varieties of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) using SSR markers, 80 accessions including 26 inbred lines and 54 testing varieties identified from the year of 2008 to 2011 were employed in this study. According to the richness of polymorphism information content (PIC), the clarity of PCR bands as well as the easy discrimination of different alleles, 49 pairs of SSR primers was screened from 952 pairs of primers of SSR. Total 311 alleles at 57 loci could be identified via 49 pairs of primers. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 13 with an average of 5.5, and the mean value of polymorphism information content was 0.53. Clustering analysis showed that all tested accessions were completely differed from each other by using 49 markers based on the threshold of genetic similarity coefficient at 0.93. The varieties coming from the same breeders or regions were clustered together at first. In addition, clustering results was basically consistent with the pedigree of variety. In this research we would have conclusion that using SSR markers as an assisting selection marker to screen similar varieties is feasible in DUS testing.

介绍了黄瓜新品种DUS测试性状选择的总体要求,列举了黄瓜新品种的DUS测试性状,并与原有测试指南在文本格式和性状选择方面进行了比较,为我国黄瓜新品种保护审查测试体系提供较为坚实的技术支撑.该文本从2011年起开始执行使用.

玉米是重要的粮食和饲料作物,发展玉米对保障国家粮食安全有非常重要的作用,种子是重要的农业生产资料,本文认为我国西北地区得天独厚的自然条件发展玉米种子生产非常重要,针对我国西北地区已经建立的玉米制种基地现状,提出了如何更好的发展和建设该制种地区的建议。

DUS testing for new varieties of plants is an important technical safeguard for the sound development of modern seed industry.It acts a very important role in grant of PBR,market accessing,identification of variety,and so on.Since 2000,Ministry of Agriculture established DUS testing center and 14 sub stations,accomplished more than 5000 DUS testing tasks for granting PBR.But problems like low level of basic conditions for DUS testing and preservation,lack of DUS testing guidelines and DNA identification methods restrict the development of DUS testing.Follow suggestions were put forward in the paper to promote the construction of DUS testing system,i.e.,speeding up the study and drawing up of DUS test guidelines,strengthening the construction of foundations of hardware,strengthening the study of DUS testing technology,expanding the construction of national germplasm resource bank,and supporting the application of DNA identification methods,etc.