近年,苏南地区探索出很多适合当地葡萄产业发展的栽培技术.本文结合苏南地区气候和葡萄发育特点对其关键栽培技术进行总结,包括穗数控制、花穗整形、定穗、疏果、生长调节剂应用、枝梢管理、土肥水管理等栽培措施.以期通过精细化、省力化、控产、控穗等管理措施,培养特有风味、酸甜可口、品质优良的鲜食葡萄,以适应优质葡萄的消费需求.

丰县位于江苏省西北部,苏鲁豫皖四省结合处,为黄河故道区域(黄泛冲击平原). 丰县现有果树面积3万hm2,年产果品60万t,是黄河故道重要的果产区,江苏省最大的果园连片区,全国水果生产十强县之一,被誉为"果都""果海",授予"中国苹果之乡""国家级出口示范区"等荣誉称号.

介绍了夏黑葡萄在江苏省灌南县进行大棚双膜促成避雨栽培生产精品果的技术.主要包括土壤改良、搭建标准棚、高平棚"一"字形整形、极短梢冬剪、刻芽及单氰胺涂芽促萌、棚温控制、水肥一体化、疏花疏果、果实套袋、病虫害综合防治等技术.666.7m2产量1250～1400kg,产值2万元以上,利润1.2万元左右.

无锡地区葡萄采用大株形栽培方式具有很多优点,田间通风透光好,湿度相对小,病害轻,花芽分化好,成穗率高,果实易上色,省工省力,管理方便,是江苏与周边地区优质葡萄栽培一种重要方式.大株形栽培定形后一般每667 m2保留20株左右,"一"形、"X"形是主要架式,通过延长主枝和侧株方法增加架面面积、降低株数.大株形配套根域限根栽培技术,产出的葡萄品质上乘,风味佳,经济效益高.

Quality indexes and mineral element contents in fruit of Eriobotrya japonica 'Baiyu', and mineral element contents in soil from four locations of Gaochun,Liyang,Zhenjiang and Suzhou in Jiangsu Province were assayed, and based on these results, the correlation of mineral element contents in fruit and soil with fruit quality was analyzed. The results show that there are differences at different degrees in quality indexes of fruit of E. japonica 'Baiyu' and mineral element contents in fruit and soil from different locations. Weight per fruit,horizontal diameter,vertical diameter,titratable acid content,water content,and pulp thickness of fruit from Liyang and Suzhou are extremely significantly or significantly higher than those of fruit from Gaochun and Zhenjiang, while their soluble solid content and soluble solid/titratable acid ratio are extremely significantly lower than the latter two.N,P,K,Mg,Mn,and Zn contents are the highest in fruit from Suzhou, Ca content is the highest in fruit from Zhenjiang, Na content is the highest in fruit from Liyang,and Fe and Cu contents are the highest in fruit from Gaochun;N, P,K,Ca,Cu,and Zn contents are the highest in soil from Suzhou,Mg content is the highest in soil from Zhenjiang,Na and Fe contents are the highest in soil from Gaochun,and Mn content is the highest in soil from Zhenjiang and Suzhou. The correlation analysis result shows that except Ca and Fe contents, all other mineral element contents in fruit show extremely significant or significant correlations with most fruit quality indexes;in which,N,P, K, and Mn contents show extremely significantly or significantly positive correlations with weight per fruit,horizontal diameter,seed weight,and pulp thickness; N, P, K,Mg, and Na contents show extremely significantly or significantly negative correlations with soluble solid content and soluble solid/titratable acid ratio, but extremely significantly or significantly positive correlations with titratable acid content and water content;but Cu content shows extremely significantly or significantly negative correlations with weight per fruit,horizontal diameter,pulp thickness,edible rate, titratable acid content and water content,and significantly and extremely significantly positive correlations with soluble solid content and soluble solid/titratable acid ratio,respectively. In soil,Ca and Cu contents show no significant correlation with fruit quality indexes,K and Zn contents show extremely significantly positive and negative correlations with soluble solid/titratable acid ratio, respectively, and Mg and Fe contents show negative correlations with most fruit quality indexes and extremely significant or significant correlations with some fruit quality indexes;in addition,there are significantly or extremely significantly positive correlations of N content with weight per fruit, pulp thickness, titratable acid content and water content,and P content with horizontal diameter,seed weight,pulp thickness and titratable acid content. It is suggested that fruit of E. japonica 'Baiyu' from Liyang and Suzhou is relatively large, but their soluble solid content is relatively low;N,P,K,Mg,and Cu contents in fruit and N,Mg,Fe,P,and Na contents in soil have great influence on fruit quality. In addition, recommendations are proposed for the application amount of each element in actual production process according to the results.

[Objective]To improve the fruit setting rate of sweet cherry and waxberry.[Method]The author conducted many years of experimental research with sweet cherry, waxberry as the test material in Lianyungang, Wuxi.Tests were conducted with different treatments such as no spraying, spraying of water, indole butyric acid, boric acid, urea, gibberellin, etc.The effects of different measures on fruit setting rate of sweet cherry and red bayberry were studied.[Result]Spraying water at flowering stage was a simple and effective method to improve fruit setting rate.The treatments of spraying indole butyric acid, boric acid, urea had certain promoting effects, but the gibberellin did not significantly improve the fruit setting rate.It has opposite roles with high concentrations of gibberellin.It was recommended to use gibberellin with caution.[Conclusion]In the sweet cherry and waxberry production in Jiangsu Province spraying water properly can improve the fruit setting rate in case of drought during flowering period.

由于气候、土壤、品种与栽培管理的关系,葡萄生产中常有日灼病、气灼病、裂果及雹灾等非侵染性病害的发生,严重影响葡萄的产量与质量;本文就无锡地区几种非侵染性病害发生的原因进行了探讨,并总结出有效的防治方法,供参考.

几十年来无锡市引进了许多优秀的欧亚品种、欧美杂交葡萄品种，通过杂交、芽变、实生苗选拔等自育一些品质较好的葡萄品种，品种分级管理、地点、数量、树形等有一定的规范要求，确保葡萄生产的基本安全性。鲜食葡萄的生产按照优质、高效、稳产、安全的要求进行，从目前的要求讲，葡萄的安全十分重要。有机食品、绿色食品、无公害食品产品要求选择低毒高效农药等。采用设施栽培。提高了鲜食葡萄的安全性，植物生产调节剂的使用量不超过允许范围。对肥料的使用、成熟葡萄采摘、整形修剪、病虫害防治采用比较先进的可行技术。冰雹等对葡萄影响、冰雹后的葡萄枝、叶、穗等恢复生长等在起步研究。

对促成避雨栽培采用相关技术实施和研究，减少了农药的使用次数与数量，增加鲜食葡萄的安全性，葡萄提早成熟上市，延长葡萄的销售时间。

全省农经农业系统深入开展"三解三促"活动,驻村入户访民情、解难题、转作风、促和谐。广大干部和技术专家"带着问题下去,找到办法上来",围绕农业现代化工程、农民收入倍增计划等重点工作,形成了一批来自基层一线的调研报告。本刊"基层手记"栏目,从本期起刊载部分调研报告,以供交流和借鉴。

江苏作为中国东南沿海发达省份之一,人口稠密,耕地资源匮乏,最大限度地提高土地产出率和农业效益,必须充分利用现代科技和工业化成果装备农业,发展设施园艺是必然选择.近年来,江苏以市场为导向,以现代科学技术、现代物质装备、现代产业体系为支撑,大力发展设施园艺,加快推进高效农业规模化,取得了显著的成效.设施园艺已经成为江苏省现代农业的主要形态,成为促进农业增效、农民增收新的增长点.在国际金融危机的背景下,加快发展设施园艺,不仅有利于扩大农村需求,带动二、三产业发展,而且能够创造就业机会、增加就业容量,吸纳大量返乡浓民就业,对保增长、促发展大局具有重要意义.

通过对江苏沿海地区梨产业发展的形势分析,探讨相应对策,以进一步提升江苏沿海梨产业的发展空间,加快江苏沿海梨产业发展的步伐。

江苏是我国优质早熟梨的主产区,这里气候、土质、交通、社会经济条件良好,同一品种要比北方地区早熟2～3周以上.近年来江苏省梨生产发展很快,全省梨树栽培面积达到5.54万公顷,其中2005年新发展6670公顷,增长13.2%;其中优质早中熟梨面积为4.33万公顷,占梨树总面积的78%.睢宁、射阳、启东的日本梨;铜山的黄冠梨;宜兴、吴江的翠冠梨,均成为当地的优势产业和全省水果业优质高效生产的典范.本省还计划每年新发展优质早熟梨6670公顷,面积突破6.67万公顷.

The effect of microsurroundings created by plastic bags and paper bags on fruit quality of Fuji apple were studied in the paper.The result indicated that bagging a had a weak effect on fruit firmness.It promoted the SOD activity of apple pericarp,but reduced the POD activity.Mineral elements also had a change: Mg was increased;Fe had little difference in all fruits; Ca、Zn decreased.Paper bagging advanced the anthocyanin content、water content and the acidity,but soluble solid decreased,soluble protein and Vitamin C contents were as many as those of CK.By contrast with paper bagging apple,the plastic bagging has a weak effect on anthocyanin content.Its water and soluble solid content were as many as those of CK;the acidity reduced;soluble protein and Vitamin C contents mounted up.

油桃套袋调色采用选配适宜品种、套袋遮光调色等综合栽培技术,生产多种色彩油桃,经多年试验,油桃不同品种目前已能组配出红、白、黄、橙、黑、棕、紫红、粉红等多种色彩.应用此项技术生产相同熟期、不同色彩的油桃,可组配成"三彩"或"五彩"油桃包装销售.江苏省镇江市象山果树所在无公害农产品基地生产的彩色油桃,投放到北京和南京超市试销,深受消费者欢迎.该项技术于2004年9月通过了镇江市科技局组织的科技成果鉴定.

丰县位于江苏省西北部,地处黄泛冲积平原.其得天独厚的土壤、气候条件,极适宜多种落叶果树特别是红富士苹果的种植.

江苏地处东南沿海,是全国平原绿化比较先进的省份.果树品种资源十分丰富,适合于多种名、特、优、新、稀高档应时鲜果的发展.近年来,我省抓住农业结构调整的机遇,立足资源特点,发挥区位优势,瞄准高档果品市场,取得了长足的发展.