Objective: The adsorption performance and mechanism of Xanthoceras sorbifolia shell biochar activated by phosphoric acid for methylene blue was investigated in this study. Methods: With phosphoric acid as activator, the Box-Behnken center combination design was used to optimize the preparation conditions of biochar from Xanthoceras sorbifolia shell. The biochar obtained under the optimal preparation conditions was used to adsorb methylene blue in water. Through investigating the adsorption influencing factors, the adsorption characteristics of biochar on methylene blue were determined, and combined with the analysis of kinetic, the adsorption mechanism was discussed. Results: The optimum technological conditions for preparing biochar from Xanthoceras sorbifolia pericarp by phosphoric acid activation were as follows: impregnation ratio （mPericarp powder∶mPhosphoric acid solution） 1∶21, pyrolysis temperature 530 ℃ and pyrolysis time 75 min. The optimal conditions for adsorption of methylene blue in water by sorbent biochar from Xanthoceras sorbifolia shell are as follows: initial pH of solution 12.6, dosage of biochar 1.0 g/L, initial mass concentration of methylene blue 200 mg/L, and adsorption equilibrium time 120 min. The adsorption of Xanthoceras sorbifolia shell biochar on methylene blue in water obeys the quasi second order reaction kinetics. The adsorption process consists of three stages: liquid film diffusion control, pore diffusion control and adsorption desorption equilibrium. Conclusion: Phosphoric acid activation can significantly increase the specific surface area and pore volume of sorbent biochar from Xanthoceras sorbifolia sheell, thereby significantly improving its adsorption capacity for methylene blue.

为提升化学实验教学对各专业的支撑作用,以大学经典实验"茶叶中咖啡因的提取"为例,将实验内容按天然产物化学研究的发现、提取、定性分析、结构表征、定量测定全过程对实验内容进行模块化划分,方便各专业在教学过程中根据培养要求进行教学内容选择.同时,以蒸馏水为溶剂采用超声法进行咖啡因提取,利用分光光度法、红外光谱和核磁共振进行含量和结构表征,有助于学生通过一个实验了解天然产物研究方法和步骤,初步建立科学研究思维.

Online blended teaching mode is an emerging education method, the effect of which is explored on the multi-class teaching course of "Organic Analysis".The teaching effects were evaluated by the process assessment results supplemented by classroom participation and the final.The different teaching method data of experimental and control group were all collected in the same way.Research shows that the effect of online blended teaching is slightly better than that of the offline blended teaching effect.Through questionnaires, it was found that online teaching can enable students to obtain higher classroom participation and better classroom experience.Therefore, the emerging education methods is suitable for remote teaching.The application of new education methods may make a difference for the western agriculture college education.

仪器分析是多门学科交叉的理论性、实践性和创新性很强的学科,在高等院校培养科学技术人才方面具有重大的意义.但是经典教学模式存在的一些问题对提高仪器分析理论教学质量带来一些困难.本论文提出当前众多高等院校在仪器分析课程教学过程中存在的问题,并对仪器分析课程教学改革进行初步探讨.

随着工业4.0时代的来临,"新工科"建设的深入推进,急需加快人才培养模式、课程体系和课程教学改革.本文在分析了"新工科"建设要求的基础上,结合多年教学经验,提出从课程内容回归解决实际工程问题、利用多媒体技术和互联网技术以及课程论文着手,强化培养学生的创新意识、科研能力、科学精神,从而培养出具有责任心、创造力的复合应用型优秀化学化工人才.

本文结合行业区域发展现状,通过教学理念、教学内容、教学方法、考核方式等四个方面,阐述了新疆农业大学化学工程学院应用化学专业《高分子化学》课程的总体设计思路及相关教学探索.在掌握经典理论的基础上,从实际应用和职业能力培养的角度出发,使学生真正了解课程的重要性、达到学以致用的目的.

Some problems were found in the experimental teaching of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry of agricultural specialties.Based on a deep research and discussion of four aspects including the conformity experiment course content ,concept of green chemistry should be emerged into experimental teaching,multimedia technology assisted teaching and multiple evaluation,some developing proposals were taken out in order to improve the teaching quality.

[目的]为了解决环境水体中钛酸酯类物质的污染问题.[方法]选择邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)作为目标物质,以经HNO3氧化改性结合金属离子浸渍改性的文冠果种仁壳基活性炭为吸附剂,考察吸附剂对DMP的吸附效果.[结果]经HNO3氧化改性后再进行金属离子浸渍改性的文冠果种仁壳基活性炭(记为PACNMn2+)可较大幅度地提高其对水体中DMP的吸附去除率,且Mn2+浸渍改性效果较好,其DMP去除率可达88.21％.[结论]PACN-Mn2+对水体中DMP去除率受溶液pH的影响较大,最佳pH范围在3.04 ～5.75之间.动力学初步研究发现其吸附过程符合二级动力学模型.

A method for separation and purification of polyphenols from Walnut peel with macroporous resins.The results as follows:five kinds of macroporous resins were selected,AB-8resin was considered as suitable material to purify and separate the Walnut peel polyphenols.The optimum conditions were concentration of feed 3.0mg/mL at pH 4.0,and the volume of polyphenols sample 100 mL,flowing rate 2.0mL/min,elute ethanol concentration 30%,ethanol at pH 6.0,elute volume 250 mL,elution rate 2.0mL/min.After eluted with AB-8resin,the polyphenols purity reach 36.36%,which is approximately 4.8times higher than the previous7.65%.

It's difficult for students to comprehend the knowledge of physical chemical because it is very abstract and theoretical. Based on analyzing the characteristics of physical chemical, the teaching methods of physical chemical were mainly discussed such as achieving a good effect in introduction class, fully preparing the lessons, grasping the main line of course, standing out teaching emphasis, applying the modern education technique and using the heuristic and interactive teaching methods. Teaching practices showed that the variety of teaching methods significantly improved the quality of classroom teaching.

Response surface methodology was used for optimizing the ultrasound-assisted extraction technology of water-soluble polysaccharides from fruit of Capparis spinosa L..Based on single factor experiment,extraction temperature,extraction time and liquid-solid ratio were selected as influencing factors.The experiment mathematical model was arranged according to Box-Behnken central composite design.The optimum extraction conditions were as follows:extraction temperature of 85℃,extraction time of 89min,liquid-solid ratio of 30∶1(mL∶g).Under above conditions,the extraction rate of water-soluble polysaccharides was 8.89%.It was found that hydroxyl free radical(·OH)and superoxide anion free radical(·O-2)were cleaned obviously by Capparis spinosa L.water-soluble polysaccharides,which had significant antioxidant activity.

Response surface methodology was used for optimizing the extraction process of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge seeds oil.Based on single factor experiments,the mathematical model was arranged according to Box-Behnken central composite design.The optimum extraction process was investigated by response surface methodology with extraction temperature,extraction time,liquid-material ratio as influencing factors,the extraction rate of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge seeds oil as index. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows:extraction temperature was 58 ℃,extraction time was 31 min,liquid-material ratio was 6∶1(mL∶g).Under above conditions,the average extraction rate was 59.58%,which was in good agreement with the predicted counterpart.

Based on running target and thought of the applied chemistry specialty combined with the research situation of practical teaching on applied chemical specialty.In the paper,the measures included the establishment of vocational education courses,professional practice and combination of the practical teaching and scientific research were proposed to enhance students’ comprehensive practice ability and to perfect the training plan for undergraduates of applied chemical specialty.

The preparation of biological diesel oil from Xanthoceras sorbifolia seed by transesterification in supercritical methanol with catalyst of ionic liquid HSO4 was discussed in this paper.The variables affecting the fatty acid methyl ester yield during the transesterification reaction,such as the ratio of methanol oil to Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge oil,the reaction temperature,the reaction time,the reaction pressure,the catalyst content and recycle of catalyst were investigated.The experimental results showed that yield of 92.33% was achieved when the reaction was performed with 42∶1 of the ratio of methanol to Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge oil and HSO4 content of 0.5wt% at 300 ℃ for 11 MPa and 25 min.The catalyst can be used repeatedly.

Catalytic degradation of DEP was investigated by heterogeneous photo-Fenton system using Fe/Y as catalyst.The catalyst was prepared by ion exchange at optimized condition of the amount of Fe2+ adsorption.The results show that DEP can be degraded by heterogeneous photo-Fenton system.84.8% of total degradation rate is achieved at pH=5.0,60 ℃ of reaction temperature,40 min of reaction time,1.0 g·L-1 of catalyst loading and 0.40 g·L-1 of H2O2 concentration to 100 mg·L-1 DEP containing simulated wastewater.The DEP degradation rate enhanced significantly in the UV/H2O2/Fe-Y system comparing with in the H2O2/Fe-Y,UV/ H2O2,UV/Fe-Y and Fe-Y system.

The photochemical degradation of dimethyl phthalate(DMP) in aqueous solution was investigated via a comparative assessment in various advanced oxidation systems(UV,H2O2,UV/H2O2,UV/Fe2+,Fenton and UV/Fenton).The degradation trends followed the following order: UV/FentonUV/H2O2dark/FentonUV/Fe2+UVH2O2.It could be inferred from the studies that UV radiation enhanced the removal rate of DMP in the Fenton process and UV/Fenton was the most effective for the decomposition of DMP.According to the experimental result,the concentrations of Fe2+ and H2O2 and pH value were the three main factors that could greatly influence the degradation rate of DMP,and the effect of the factors followed the order: pH valueH2O2 concentrationFe2+ concentration.The optimum conditions were obtained by orthogonal experiment at initial pH=3—4 for the UV-Fenton system,with original Fe2+ and H2O2 concentrations of 3.6×10-4—7.2×10-4 mol/L and 1.9×10-2 mol/L,respectively.

Biodiesel was prepared from Xanthocers Sorbifolia seed oil by supercritical methanol and the factors such as reaction temperature,the molar ratio of methanol to oil,reaction time and the effect of cosolvent on oil conversion rate were studied.The quality indexes of the sample were analysed.The results showed that the optimal reaction conditions were reaction temperature 350℃,molar ratio of methanol to Xanthocers Sorbifolia seed oil 40∶1,reaction time15 min.Under these conditions the yield of biodiesel would be 91.25%.Most physicochemical indexes of the sample are accord with ASTM standard and Chinese standard of 0# diesel.

Copper-inducible elicitor(CIE) which is a plant induced-resistance reagent was sprayed on the leaves of two upland cotton varieties(lines) during 3-leaf stage and buding stage.The activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL) were detected in cotton leaves.The results indicated that the activities of PAL showed significantly higher than those of control experiments in two cotton varieties during 3-leaf stage or buding stage,the activities of PAL arose the next day and fell down to the level of the control the tenth day after treated by CIE;during buding stage,after treated by CIE once again,the activities of PAL were significantly higher than that of the 3-leaf stage,and were longer than that of the 3-leaf stage in high activity of duration;it may enhance the activity of PAL by using CIE at any cotton growth stages;there may exist a differences of the activity of PAL in different cotton varieties and different growth stages after treated by CIE.The activity of PAL can be increased by using CIE in upland cotton leaves.

The pilot scale experiment of supercritical CO_2 extraction of grape seed oil was studied in this pa- per.The optimizing technical parameters are:extracting pressure at 25 MPa,extracting temperature at 40℃, CO_2 flow rate at 20 M~3/h,the extraction yield is 1.45%.

纤维分解细菌N+离子注入前后菌株的培养滤液经(NH4)2SO4沉淀,Sephadex G-25脱盐,Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤及DEAE-Sephadex A-50离子交换层析.发现经N+离子处理的菌株酶系发生变化,尤其是β-葡萄糖苷酶组分增加很多,其余组分也发生了相应变化.经N+处理后各酶组分与DEAE-Sephadex A-50胶结合能力发生了变化,Hy2所需NaCl浓度主要为0.50mol/L,而经N+处理后变为从0.30～0.50mol/L.