In this study, a picosecond laser-driven interfacial coalescence method is developed for realizing highly sensitive and uniform Au-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates via enhancement of aromatic ring vibrational modes, achieving an ultralow detection limit of 10(-18) M toward aromatic-ring-containing dyes and an exceptional enhancement factor of 1.83 & times;10(12). The confined environment restricts liquid Au flow, generating interfacial vortices within similar to 100 nm region and leading to the formation of high-density nanoparticles with excellent SERS performance. The enhancement mechanism is found to strongly correlate to the concentration, particularly at low concentration (<10(-8) M), the selective single-molecule-level enhancement of aromatic ring vibrational modes under sub-monolayer adsorption allows highly sensitive detection of five specific dyes and pigments with aromatic-ring (Rhodamine 6 G, Malachite Green, Alizarin Red, Carmine Red, and Indigo), confirming its broad applicability for trace molecular detection. The Au-based SERS substrate exhibits remarkable uniformity with a relative standard deviation of 5.74% and retains stable SERS activity for over 1 year under ambient conditions. This work establishes a scalable, cost-effective laser-based manufacturing paradigm for high-performance SERS sensors, offering exceptional sensitivity, reproducibility, and stability. The method enables ultralow-concentration detection of aromatic molecules via enhancement of aromatic ring vibrational modes, demonstrating versatility across cultural heritage preservation, environmental monitoring, and biomedical diagnostics.

Glass painting was a popular art form in both China and Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries, with reverse mirror painting being one of its most iconic examples. Typically crafted on tin amalgam mirror, reverse mirror paintings were both rare and valuable, though their fragility and instability of the tin amalgam coating made them difficult to preserve. Despite their historical significance, most research has focused primarily on the artistic characteristics and origins of these works, with limited attention given to the assessment of their condition, deterioration mechanisms, and manufacturing techniques. This study presents a comprehensive scientific analysis of a reverse mirror painting from the Hall of Mental Cultivation at the Palace Museum. Various methods were employed, including optical microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectrometry, macroscopic X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, microregion X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and M & ouml;ssbauer spectroscopy. The study uncovered the painting's manufacturing techniques through morphological observation, literature review, and pigment identification. It also provided insights into the deterioration processes and mechanisms in different areas of the artwork, suggesting that its condition may be linked to exposure to oxygen. In conclusion, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the deterioration behavior and manufacturing techniques of reverse mirror paintings, offering valuable insights for their conservation. (c) 2025 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

Computerized tomography (CT) provides non-invasive visualization of internal structural information without losing any detail. It has proven to be very useful in protecting cultural relics. However, metal cultural relics are frequently accompanied by destructive metal artifacts in x-ray CT images, making it impossible for traditional methods to obtain detailed information from the cultural relics. In recent years, deep generative-based models have demonstrated great promise for solving such problems. However, due to the complicated structure and diverse materials of cultural relics, it is difficult to accurately restore the highly heterogeneous details of cultural relics in practical applications. As a result, the primary focus of this study is on the removal of metal items from cultural relics using deep generative models and achieves effective restoration of highly heterogeneous details by combining mask-guided strategies. Specifically, we first collaborated with the Palace Museum to build a cultural relic CT dataset and specifically divided artifacts into two categories: sharp edge smoothing and edge distortion according to their complexity. Second, many deep generative networks include Cyc1eGAN, CSGAN, MUNIT, DeblurGAN, and DRIT were trained. Additionally, segmentation masks were blended to create artifact-free images. Finally, the performance was enhanced via dynamic weight adjustment. The effectiveness has been qualitatively and quantitatively validated on the cultural relic CT dataset. PSNR and SSIM metrics confirm the model's ability to restore fine details, providing reliable support for future cultural relic protection.

Accurate and standardized color measurement of non-planar surfaces in non-contact scenarios remains a challenge, primarily due to complex measurement conditions such as uncontrolled illumination and variable surface scattering properties. To address this issue, a multispectral imaging colorimetric measurement method for non-planar surfaces based on uniform illumination and illumination-adaptive white calibration was proposed. The colorimetric characterization method relies on spectral reconstruction using a multiple-channel input backpropagation neural network, which processes the imaging system's output with illumination-adaptive white calibration and spectral fusion techniques. A device has been developed following this method, consisting of a large integrating sphere, an eight-channel multispectral camera, and a stepper motor-driven rotating table. To reduce the impact from the illumination, the rotating table, coated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), allows for sample placement and illumination-adaptive white calibration. After applying PTFE data correction to the test samples, the average reconstruction error decreased from 2.4 to 1.5 in terms of CIEDE2000 color difference units. To assess the measurement deviation on glossy curved surfaces at different angles, we tested it on a blue-and-white porcelain object with a smooth glaze. The ΔE00 remained below 2 across observation angles, demonstrating superior accuracy over conventional point light sources for glossy objects. The device was subsequently used to measure porcelain exhibits at the Forbidden City. Experimental results confirmed that the proposed method ensures uniform and stable diffuse lighting and effectively combines digital imaging with spectroscopy, making it a powerful tool for precise color analysis in the non-contact domain.

Objective Cultural relics suffer from corrosion and damage caused by the fragile composition of the material and the surface pollutants resulting from environmental changes. Laser cleaning, characterized by high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and strong controllability, is an effective method for removing surface pollutants without harming the relics, rendering it suitable for cleaning various types of cultural relics. Recognizing the advantages of ultrashort pulse lasers in the realm of cultural relic cleaning, along with the critical role of the laser wavelength in this process, two primary research focuses have emerged: picosecond and multi-wavelength laser cleaning of cultural relics. This paper addresses the requirements for applying laser cleaning to stone cultural relics. Comprehensive numerical simulations and experiments were conducted on the removal of surface contaminants using picosecond lasers at wavelengths 1064, 532, and 355 nm. Concurrently, a variety of real-time and offline detection methods were employed in a coordinated manner to analyze the effects of picosecond laser cleaning at these three wavelengths, considering aspects such as sample surface morphology, roughness, and elemental content. The ultimate goal was to determine the most suitable wavelength parameters for cleaning stone cultural relics. Methods To address the specific demands for laser cleaning of stone cultural relics, in this study, a systematic investigation is conducted through numerical simulations and experimental research on the surface pollutants of stone cultural relics treated with a picosecond laser at three wavelengths: 1064, 532, and 355 nm. A two-temperature model is applied to simulate the interaction between picosecond laser pulses of the three wavelengths and surface contaminants, considering differences in the ablation process and depth at the same laser energy density. Building on this foundation, the damage threshold of the picosecond laser at three wavelengths and the cleaning thresholds for surface pollutants on stone cultural relics under specific conditions are measured. In the experiment, a coaxial charge- coupled device (CCD) is applied for real-time monitoring and control of the laser-cleaning process. The surface roughness and elemental content before and after laser cleaning are measured using a confocal microscope and a fluorescence spectrometer, respectively. Results and Discussions The damage thresholds were 0. 26 +/- 0. 06, 1. 45 +/- 0. 06, and (2. 1 +/- 0. 08) J/ cm(2) at the wavelengths of 1064, 532, and 355 nm, respectively (Fig. 5), and the cleaning thresholds were 0. 198 +/- 0. 033, 0. 573 +/- 0. 114, and (0. 739 +/- 0. 249)J/cm(2) respectively under specific conditions (Fig. 7). For an energy density of 2 J/cm(2) pulse, the laser ablation depths were respectively 171, 106, and 62 mu m for 1064, 532, and 355 nm laser pulses, and in numerical simulations, the ablation depths were 164, 104, and 58 mu m respectively for the same energy density of 2 J/cm(2) pulse (Fig. 4). The experimental results are similar to those obtained by numerical simulations. Thermal ablation plays a major role in the surface ablation of contaminant materials by picosecond pulsed laser at this energy density, whereby the sample surface undergoes continuous cleaning utilizing picosecond lasers at these three wavelengths. Real- time monitoring via a CCD system was utilized for online observation until no alterations in surface contaminants were detected. Subsequently, a comparative analysis was performed on various factors, including surface morphology, roughness, and elemental content after cleaning. The objective was to evaluate the variations in cleaning efficiency among lasers of different wavelengths. The surface morphology (Fig. 8), roughness, and elemental content of the pollutants before and after laser cleaning at different wavelengths were compared and analyzed. The experimental results show that the surface roughness of the sample after laser cleaning at the three wavelengths of 1064, 532, and 355 nm was 13. 71, 30. 816, and 20. 789 mu m, respectively (Fig. 9). The content of S, the main component of the surface contaminants after laser cleaning at the three wavelengths, was 0. 41%, 4. 09%, and 1. 15%, respectively (Table 4). The Fe content on the surface of the sample after laser cleaning at the three wavelengths was 0. 42%, 2. 13%, and 4. 16%, respectively (Table 4). Conclusions The results obtained from experiments and numerical simulations are approximate. When irradiating the surface with a picosecond pulse laser at the energy density of 2 J/cm(2), thermal ablation plays a primary role in ablating contaminants from the surface of the material. The cleaning thresholds, efficiency, surface roughness, and elemental content were used for a comparative analysis of laser cleaning at the three wavelengths of 1064, 532, and 355 nm, thereby demonstrating that the 1064 nm laser had the smallest damage and cleaning thresholds under specific conditions, as well as the highest cleaning efficiency. The surface roughness of the sample was the smallest after 1064 nm wavelength laser cleaning, and the contents of S and Fe, the main components of the surface contaminants, were the least. Considering various factors, including the laser cleaning threshold, cleaning efficiency, postcleaning surface roughness, and contaminant element content, the 1064 nm wavelength laser demonstrated the lowest cleaning threshold, highest efficiency, and most thorough cleaning. Overall, its cleaning performance surpassed that of lasers with 532 nm and 355 nm wavelengths under the same parameters.

•A data analytical strategy for MFT is developed to evaluate fading behavior of dyed silk.•Spectral change, fading kinetics, photostability, and color change trajectory are provided by the strategy.•A photofading database of 10 representative vegetable dyes of silks is developed.•Dyed silks unearthed from different places of one site potentially fade to light in a different way with varied rate.

Micro-computed tomography (CT) of ancient Chinese glass dragonfly eye beads has enabled detailed exploration of their internal structures, contributing to our understanding of their manufacture. Segmentation of these CT images is essential but challenging due to variation in grayscale values and the presence of bubbles. This study introduces a U-Net-based model called EBV-SegNet, which enables efficient and accurate segmentation and visualization of these beads. We developed, trained, and tested the model using a dataset comprising four typical Shampula dragonfly eye beads, and the results demonstrated high-precision segmentation and precise delineation of the beads' complex structures. These segmented data were further analyzed using the Visualization Toolkit for advanced volume rendering and reconstruction. Our application of EBV-SegNet to Shampula beads suggests the likelihood of two distinct manufacturing techniques, underscoring the potential of the model for enhancing the analysis of cultural artifacts using three-dimensional visualization and deep learning.

Traditional cleaning methods can not clean small pollution particles on the surface of cultural relics. Moreover it can easily cause irreversible damage. In order to improve the ability to clean pollutants, laser cleaning technology has been gradually applied to the cleaning of different types of cultural relics. In this paper, we develop a nanosecond laser cleaning system to clean the simulated marble samples and marble fragments in the Palace Museum. The object of the cleanout is black crust pollutants. To avoid the yellowing effect, a dual wavelength combination of 1 064 nm near-infrared and 355 nm ultraviolet light is used for laser cleaning of simulated marble samples. When the energy density ratio of these two wavelengths is 3:2, photos from the microscopic observation system show a good cleaning effect. This ratio (3:2) is then applied to marble fragments samples. The micro-Raman spectrometer is utilized to evaluate the cleaning effect. The experimental results confirm the advantages of laser cleaning and also provide reference parameters and evaluation methods for laser cleaning of pollutants on marble surface. At the same time, it also offer insights for the application of laser cleaning technology to the cleaning of other stone artifacts.

画珐琅是一种在清代自外国传入的工艺,研究画珐琅彩料的发展对于了解画珐琅工艺的发展以及后期受其影响的粉彩工艺的技术革新有着重要的意义.画珐琅彩料中金红是最初由西方传入的彩料,这种以金子为原材料制作出的艳丽粉色在中国釉上彩的发展过程中具有独特意义.但由于常规无损分析手段难以对金红彩的成分和工艺进行有效的分析,因此对于金红的研究主要集中于文献分析.针对故宫博物院藏宫廷画珐琅文物,利用配备低真空模块的电子显微镜,直接观测金红釉彩中呈色的金纳米粒子的形貌和分布,配合电子显微镜中能谱分析,验证了之前文献研究考证中的国外"卡修斯紫"配方的金红以及本土配方"掺铜金红"的存在:典型卡修斯紫配方金红彩的基底釉为铅-钾-钠玻璃,金含量4.4％,且含有11.7％的锡元素;本土掺铜金红的基底釉为铅-钾玻璃,金含量12.5％,铜含量0.2％.同时发现了一种中国本土画珐琅普遍使用但此前未被注意到的金红配方,该配方为铅-钾釉,采用砷元素作为还原剂制备金红,与采用锡元素的卡修斯紫配方的金红不同,砷含量0.2％,金含量3.9％～8.4％.

Objective Numerous murals containing abundant historical information have been preserved in the ancient architectural structures in our country. However, these murals have suffered varying degrees of damage after thousands of years, such as the formation of surface and subsurface cracks and voids. Optical inspection techniques, such as spectral analysis and imaging technology, are widely used in the restoration and preservation of cultural relics. However, these methods involve chemical composition analysis or primarily provide two-dimensional images, which cannot fulfill the demands of micro- defect detection. Digital holography enables three-dimensional surface profiling. Digital holography combined with excitation can be utilized for the detection of surface and subsurface defects in murals. Therefore, a portable deformation detection system based on digital holography is designed herein to meet the needs of in- situ defect detection in murals. The developed detector combined with acoustic sweep excitation is applied to the in-situ detection of defects in murals at the Palace Museum, Beijing. Combined with acoustic sweep excitation, this study confirms that digital holography can be used to determine the status of damage of the surface and subsurface of cultural relics through non-destructive methods. This research is conducive to the diagnosis of damage in cultural relics, as well as for analyzing defect formation and predicting defect growth, thereby providing a scientific basis for the restoration and protection of cultural relics. Methods Based on the principle of holographic interference on diffuse reflection surfaces, a portable deformation detection system was designed. First, an aluminum plate, the surface of which was coated with white particulate paint, was selected as the experimental sample. Holograms of the surface of the aluminum plate were captured after applying force excitation. After applying filtering techniques to the digital hologram and extraction algorithms to the deformation fringe phase, the feasibility of the technique and capability of the system for quantitative analysis were validated. With the combination of acoustic sweep excitation, experiments were conducted on mural samples and interior architectural wall samples to inspect the internal defects. Deformation fringes corresponding to surface and subsurface defects were obtained, confirming the effectiveness of the frequency sweeping excitation method using acoustic waves. The portable deformation detection system based on digital holography combined with acoustic excitation was used to analyze the murals at the Palace Museum in Beijing. In- situ micro-defect detection was performed on the western and southern walls of Ru Ting. Gaussian 1 sigma criterion and histogram segmentation methods were applied to eliminate the overall background phase from the deformation fringe phase to obtain a three-dimensional distribution of the defects in order to analyze the locations and contour features of the defects. Results and Discussions Firstly, theoretical analysis is used to prove that the principle of digital holographic interference on diffuse reflection surfaces is reasonable for extracting out-of- plane deformation data. Feasibility verification using aluminum plate samples reveals that the three-dimensional distribution of deformations could be quantified. The experimental system enables quantification of the out- of-plane deformation ( Fig. 5). Combined with acoustic sweep excitation, sub-surface defects in mural samples and interior architectural wall samples are effectively detected. Different defects, such as voids and cracks, show distinct abnormal fringe patterns (Fig. 9, Fig. 13). In-situ micro-defect detection was performed on the murals on the southern and western walls of Ru Ting at the Palace Museum. By using phase extraction and spherical aberration phase elimination algorithms to determine the phase distribution of the deformations, the three-dimensional defect distribution could be determined. Visible cracks, paint peeling, and shallow-level defects such as micro-cracks, fractures, and voids are detected in the mural on the southern wall (Fig. 16). The main defects in the western wall mural are subsurface cracks and hollow spots. These results also prove that conventional sounds such as those made by tourists are still harmful to cultural mural relics (Fig. 17). Conclusions A deformation detection system is designed herein based on the principle of digital holographic imaging of a diffuse reflection surface, combined with the acoustic excitation method. The system is successfully applied to the detection of defects in real murals at the Palace Museum, providing information about the locations and contours of the defects. The system is capable of detecting real- time micro-defect- induced deformations on the diffuse reflection surface. The acoustic excitation method offers controllable parameters and simple operation, while being a non- contact approach. By processing holograms and applying background phase elimination algorithms, defect characteristics such as positions and contours can be extracted from the overall deformation phase, enabling accurate identification of defects. This study demonstrates that the portable holographic deformation detection system, in combination with acoustic sweep excitation, can effectively detect defects such as voids, cracks, and holes on mural artifacts. This system provides a scientific basis for diagnosing the health of mural artifacts, as well as for restoration and preservation. In future work, we will further investigate the effective range and safety threshold of acoustic wave excitation for detecting defects in cultural relics. We will also consider the spatial and ground conditions of structures like Ru Ting at the Palace Museum to design a high- precision scanning and stitching method for capturing holograms of the entire mural, focusing on detecting defects in the subsurface within a large area.

故宫博物院藏嵌五色玻璃盆蜜蜡刘海戏蟾盆景是清宫神仙人物盆景的精品。该盆景出现尘污、构件伤断开粘及缺失、色粉脱落、蜜蜡龟裂等病害，需进行保护修复。X光拍照、X荧光能谱、拉曼光谱和红外光谱的检测结果显示，盆景使用蜜蜡、珊瑚、孔雀石、尖晶石、玻璃、螺钿和铜锌合金材料制作；刘海人物和珊瑚树的制作、造景同地台的连接均使用拼嵌、插销并粘接的方法；首次发现前人使用虫胶作为断裂珊瑚枝的充填材料，外层使用曙红混合蜂蜡作为补色材料。本次保护修复在蜜蜡补缺和珊瑚补色时借鉴了旧修方法，为今后同类文物的修复提供了可借鉴的案例。

Scholars in a wide range of disciplines are interested in the casting techniques used to create the extraordinary bronze objects unearthed from the two pits of the Sanxingdui site. Although researchers have carried out a number of studies on this topic, many technical details remain unclear. This paper offers the first examination of bronze objects from the Sanxingdui site using industrial computed tomography (CT) and provides direct evidence for interpretation of the complicated casting process involved. We show that multiple pouring and various joining techniques were widely used during the casting of bronze objects from the Sanxingdui pits. The precast parts were mechanically connected with one another by the later pouring, which was the crucial technique for the casting of complicated objects. Representative features include the cast-on cramp device of the sun-shaped objects and the tenon connection with dowel found inside many branches of the bronze trees. This paper also describes evidence of core rods made of different materials, which is the earliest example of this technique in ancient China.

Ivory handicraft developed in China 7000 years ago and reached its peak during the Qing dynasty. Among the numerous court collections of ivory handicrafts, a hanging polychrome panel describing a scene of prosperous business at the harbor near Guangzhou with an exquisite embedded ivory carving was analyzed comprehensively for pigments and dyes. A process for painting on ivory was revealed with the help of scientific analysis. In this artifact, the palette included reds made of hematite, cinnabar, and cochineal, blues based on azurite and Prussian blue, and greens made with mixtures of gamboge and Prussian blue. For the first time, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was used for analyzing the dyes used on ivory. Besides analyzing the pigments and dyes in painted ivory technology, the dating of the painted artifact was estimated on the basis of pigment manufacturing and trading history. It was concluded that the artifact belonged to the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty.

随着超快激光"冷加工"技术的发展,超快激光逐渐开始应用于文物保护领域.针对古城墙文物表面污染物清洗的应用需求,制作类城墙的大理石文物及表面污染物模拟样品,进行基于皮秒激光的文物样品清洗实验研究,并与纳秒激光清洗的效果进行对比.实验中采用共聚焦显微镜观测和荧光能谱仪成分分析等手段,改变激光输出能量,清洗次数和扫描速度等激光清洗参数,在不损伤大理石基底并综合考虑清洗效率和清洗效果基础上,寻找优化实验参数.实验发现皮秒激光清洗优化参数为激光功率18W,扫描速度1000mm/s,清洗次数8次.清洗后主要污染物硫元素占比下降94.57％,清洗后区域表面粗糙度为1.267μm.综合考虑清洗后污染物成分占比、表面粗糙度等方面,皮秒激光清洗大理石文物样品的整体效果优于纳秒激光清洗区域.

This study presented the detailed investigation of the chemical fraction and mobility changes of the colla-gen structure to assess the deterioration of the archeological leather dated from BC210 to BC1046 by the solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The 13 C CP/MAS and DP/MAS NMR spectra of the unaged and artificially aged leather were compared to check the reliability of the 13 C CP/MAS NMR measurement. The consis-tency of above two methodologies suggested the highly efficient 13 C CP/MAS NMR could be employed to quantify the deterioration of the archeological leather, especially the relative fractions of Glycine (Gly), Hydroxyproline (Hyp) and Proline (Pro) with well resolved 13 C resonance lines. Furthermore, the 13 C T 1 measurement determined by Torchia method was adopted to analyze the molecular dynamics changes of the collagen as visualized by the Inverse Laplace Transformation (ILT) of 13 C T 1 relaxation decay curves. The segmental dynamics changes of the representative nuclei acids indicated the different hierarchical structure of different archeological leather samples. The results suggested that tannins and collagen were degraded in the archeological leather buried for thousands of years. The relative fraction and the 13 C T 1 distribution of the particular amino acids residues could be used as the important indicators to assess the collagen degradation. The current study would allow us to further understand the deterioration in the archeological leather through the chemical structure and molecular dynamics changes of the collagen in leather. (c) 2022 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Painted enamel holds special significance in the study of the history of Chinese ceramic and glass. Painted enamel also represents interesting evidence of cultural communication between China and European countries. In the past, studies on painted enamel have mainly focused on archival research. Although modern scientific techniques have complemented research on enameled artifacts, the quality of the samples has usually been inferior. This study combines scientific analysis and archival work to explore four similar pots from the Palace Museum collection, along with the specific documentation information attached to them. Raman spectra, XRF and CT scanning were applied to compare the four pots. Results show that one of the pots is made of gold and use cassiterite and Naples yellow as opacifier and pigments, this pot bears the hidden hallmarks of a Parisian goldsmith, providing direct evidence that the pot was made in France in 1783. The other pots are proven to have been made in China, which are made of copper gilded with gold and use lead arsenate and lead tin yellow as opacifier and pigments. This work reveals a previously unnoticed route by which enamel artifacts reached the Chinese court.

Silk, as one of the representative artifacts of China, profoundly affects the communication between eastern and western civilizations, and dyes, as the color support of silks, reflected crucial historical, cultural and technological information. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) characterized by vibrational information has been extensively employed in dye analysis. However, since natural plants with complex coloring compositions in ancient China were broadly applied in dying textiles, the existing SERS methods often misinterpret results in dye analysis. Besides, semi-quantification of each component was of great difficulty by SERS, limiting the exquisite comparative analyses of different historical samples. For the first time, a dual-mode strategy combining SERS with high mass resolution MALDI FTICR MS was developed in virtue of core-shell silver nanoparticles (AgNPs@PDA), which realized the precise identification and semi-quantification of complex dye mixtures, thus significantly improving the accuracy and applicability of traditional SERS method. Four typical dye components (alizarin, purpurin, berberine and indigo) have been identified and semi-quantified in unearthed dyed silks from Tang Dynasty based on the method. More interestingly, multiple dye components with different contents and their ratio could be precisely determined, which might help in further investigating their dyeing techniques. This dual-mode strategy represents a promising tool for providing solid support for cognition, evaluation and restoration of textile objects in museums and conservation centers.

故宫养心殿屋脊内宝匣中有紫、蓝、绿、黄、褐五色珠饰,本文采用实体显微镜、微束X射线荧光光谱仪、拉曼光谱仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜和X射线断层扫描等设备对养心殿宝匣中的五色珠饰进行分析,结果表明紫色珠饰为紫水晶,剩余四色珠饰实为玻璃材质.基于玻璃的显微观察、成分分析、制作工艺及风化产物的分析研究,加深了对这些玻璃的认知,对此类来源于建筑物宝匣内珠饰的保护工作提供了基础依据.

位于新疆维吾尔自治区尉犁县的克亚克库都克烽燧遗址,是丝绸之路沿线上的唐代军事设施遗址,遗址出土的纺织品作为该时期丝路沿线的代表,反映了该时期的历史文化信息,具有重要的研究意义.染料是纺织品文物色彩的最重要的物质基础之一,古代天然染料具有化学组分多样、原料来源广泛、染色工艺复杂等特点,给出土纺织品的染料分析带来巨大挑战.借助精确分子量,基于银纳米颗粒建立的MALDI-FTICR-MS检测方法可以实现化学结构相似染料分子、多种类染料组分的同时鉴定,在复杂染料的定性分析上具有广阔的应用前景.

关于三星堆出土青铜器的铸造工艺已开展了许多研究,但仍有部分技术问题有待进一步明晰.本文首次利用工业CT分析了部分三星堆青铜器残件标本,并结合表面痕迹观察对相关工艺问题进行了讨论.分铸和各种连接工艺在三星堆得到了广泛应用,通过多次浇注在各部件间形成稳固的机械连接,是青铜神树等形状复杂的器物得以成功铸造的技术保障.太阳形器上的后铸锔扣连接、神树树枝在内壁设置销杆的榫接结构等,均是颇具特点的工艺措施.在铜树枝残件内发现了使用芯骨的证据,芯骨的材质以竹木质为主,是此类工艺 目前所见最早的实物证据.部分容器的兽头装饰,采用了内置盲芯的复合范技术浑铸而成,显示了三星堆尊罍等容器不同的年代属性和技术传统.