As an international metropolis, Beijing still plays a key role in the development of national agricultural production technology despite its small regional scale. Climate change has a great impact on agricultural production. Previous studies often focus on a single short-term meteorological factor and lack a more systematic analysis of climate resources in Beijing. Based on the daily temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, wind speed and sunshine hours of 17 meteorological stations in Beijing in the past 42 years, this study analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of agro-climatic resources and predicted the future climate change trend under different climate scenarios. The climate resource tendency rate is calculated on a time scale of every ten years (10a). The results showed that (1) the light resources are decreasing at a rate of 44.9~156.3 MJ m−2 10 a−1, and the downward trends in light resources in the northeastern plain areas as well as in June and July are more significant; (2) the thermal resources are increasing at a rate of 34.2~176.4 °C·d 10 a−1, and the upward trends in thermal resources in the southeastern plain areas and in March are more remarkable; (3) the water resources represented by the soil humidity index are changing at a rate of −1.6~6.1% 10 a−1. The situation is complex, and the fluctuations of water resources in the central and western regions as well as in July, August and September are more significant; and (4) compared with the low-emission “dual carbon” scenario, the decrease in water volume and the overall increase in temperature in the high-carbon scenario are larger, and this trend is particularly obvious in the long run. This study provides a basis for Beijing’s agricultural layout and response to climate change, and its methods and results are also valuable for other regions to promote green, high-quality and sustainable agricultural development.

Global climate change has intensified the challenges of low-temperature, low-light, and high-humidity microclimates in North China’s greenhouses during winter, exposing the limitations of traditional controlled-environment agriculture (CEA) facilities. This study monitored air temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity in three greenhouse types—an externally insulated plastic greenhouse, soft-shell solar greenhouse, and brick-walled solar greenhouse—across three overwintering periods (pre-, mid-, post-) using high-precision sensors (monitoring period is from 1 October 2024 to 31 March 2025). A Comprehensive Evaluation Index (CEI) based on the entropy method was developed, integrating seven indicators (daily average temperature, temperature range, hours below 5 °C, average humidity, hours above 80% humidity, average light intensity, and light utilization efficiency) to systematically evaluate greenhouse microclimate regulation performance. Results showed that the brick-walled solar greenhouse exhibited superior thermal insulation, with nearly zero hours below 5 °C during mid-overwintering, while the soft-shell solar greenhouse achieved the highest light utilization efficiency (75.1–79.6%). The externally insulated plastic greenhouse exhibited the highest relative humidity (>80% for 13–19 h/day) but a poor thermal insulation performance. The CEI ranked the brick-walled solar greenhouse (0.86) and the soft-shell solar greenhouse (0.84) significantly higher than the externally insulated plastic greenhouse (0.39), with the relative humidity significantly negatively correlated with light indicators (P < 0.05), and the temperature and light indicators strongly correlated with the CEI (P < 0.01). Structural design and material innovation are critical for climate adaptation. Brick-walled and soft-shell solar greenhouses balance thermal and light performance, while the externally insulated plastic greenhouse faces structural limitations. The findings provide a scientific basis for greenhouse optimization and regional layout planning.

In North China, the overwintering production of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) encounters difficulties posed by extreme weather conditions and the high costs of traditional greenhouses. Soft-shell solar greenhouses present a viable alternative because of their low cost and excellent heat-retaining properties. This study establishes a technical framework for high-yield and high-quality winter tomato production in soft-shell greenhouses through analyzing dynamic light, temperature, and humidity parameters, cultivar responses, and optimized production–marketing models. Field experiments monitored microclimate data in soft-shell solar greenhouses during different growth stages of six cherry tomato and three large tomato varieties, combined with yield, quality, and economic return analysis. The results showed that (1) soft-shell greenhouses increased average daily temperatures by 10–15 °C, reduced low-temperature stress duration by 25%, achieved 82% light saturation compliance, and decreased humidity fluctuations by 23%; (2) the yield per cluster of cherry tomatoes increased first and then decreased for early maturing varieties, and decreased for middle and late maturing varieties, while the yield of large tomatoes decreased first and then increased; (3) light intensity was positively correlated with Brix accumulation, and humidity was negatively correlated with yield; (4) cherry tomato yields were more temperature-sensitive, whereas large-fruited tomatoes were more influenced by light intensity; (5) a “variety optimization + scenario-based sales” model integrating multi-cultivar layouts and gift-box marketing strategies improved economic returns. This research provides an integrated environmental regulation and market adaptation solution for North China’s protected agriculture, offering a reference value for greenhouse agriculture development in global cold regions.

Through investigation on the total quantity and type of facility agriculture in 13 districts of Beijing,facility distribution and utilization,industry situation of facility agriculture etc.,this paper specified that the old greenhouses in Beijing were large in quantity and wide in scope,its productive capacity needed further improvement.The facility development was restricted by land use,organization degree was low,and key technology still needed to be improved.The authors suggested to make classify transformation;do large-scale,machine-friendly and intelligent upgrading;cultivate different types of social service organization;drive facility upstream&downstream industries developing together;and make up the shortcomings of agricultural technology extension system after grassroots extension system reformation.Efforts should be made from the aspects of breeding important varieties,studying and developing disease and pest control strategies and products in new cultivation modes,integrated promoting intelligent irrigation and fertilization technology,so as to realize the specialization of prenatal varieties,facility assembly,automation of environmental control and production mechanization during production process,and standardization of post-production products and intelligent management.

为筛选出适宜莴苣浅液流水培的育苗基质,研究对比了6种商品化育苗基质(花泥30、泥炭块38、泥炭块30、椰糠块30、岩棉块36、岩棉块25)对奶油莴苣"富兰德里"生长的影响.结果显示:在同期播种、同期定植、同期采收条件下,使用泥炭块38、泥炭块30、椰糠块30等商品化基质育苗更有利于莴苣苗期和定植后的生长,其次为岩棉块36、岩棉块25处理,使用花泥30育苗效果最差;在同期播种、4叶1心期定植、同株质量标准采收情况下,使用泥炭块38、泥炭块30等商品化基质育苗的莴苣生长周期最短,其次为椰糠块30、岩棉块36、岩棉块25处理,使用花泥30育苗的莴苣生长周期最长.综合来看,对于浅液流水培莴苣,使用泥炭块38、泥炭块30、椰糠块30商品化基质育苗效果较好,莴苣苗期和定植后长势好,生长周期短,考虑到育苗成本,推荐使用泥炭块30或椰糠块30进行育苗.

The drought stress created by deficit irrigation has been widely introduced into production for fruit quality improvement, whilst silicon is considered as a functional element in plant antistress process. To explore the influence of deficit irrigation and silicon application on the strawberry fruit quality and the plant’s response to drought stress, a split-plot experiment was conducted. The impacts of the treatments start-time was also evaluated. The plants were subjected to two irrigation regimes, deficit irrigation (DI) or full irrigation, and two foliar sprays, 0.01 mol L− 1 Na2SiO3 (Si) or water, with two treatment start-time, as after first bloom (Fr) or after transplanting. Therefore, there were 6 different treatments (considering treatment start-time) and a control group, which were DI, FrDI, Si, FrSi, DISi, FrDISi and CK. As a result, the DI significantly increased the leaf ascorbate, leaf anthocyanins and specific leaf weight by 93.5

Facility agriculture is an essential carrier for promoting stable production and supply.In 2020,the planting area of facility agriculture in Beijing(290 098 000 m2)accounted for 29.06%of the total planting area of crops(998 078 000 m2),and the output value accounted for 46.56%.In 2022,Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station organized relevant departments to summa-rize and evaluate the agricultural facilities in Beijing through consultation materials,interviews,questionnaires,and field trips,combining survey data and statistical data to draw the following conclusions.Facilities play a major supporting role in stabilizing production and ensuring supply.The number of traditional greenhouses is extensive and covers a large area,so special planning and classification upgrades are urgently needed.Facilities are rich in scientific and technological resources,but the mode of production is out of date.It is of great significance to improve the com-prehensive production capacity of facility agriculture and promote the healthy and stable develop-ment of facility industry in Beijing to increase the utilization rate of facility agriculture land,strengthen the support of facility science and technology,and cultivate the socialized service organi-zation of facility.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form mutualistic symbiotic relationships with many land plants and play a key role in nitrogen (N) acquisition. NO3−-N and NH4+-N are the main sources of soil mineral N, but how extraradical mycelial transfer affects the different N forms and levels available to tomato plants is not clear. In the present study, we set up hyphal compartments (HCs) to study the efficiency of N transfer from the extramycelium to tomato plants treated with different N forms and levels of fertilization. Labeled 15NO3−-N or 15NH4+-N was placed in hyphal compartments under high and low N application levels. 15N accumulation in shoots and the expression of LeNRT2.3, LeAMT1.1, and LeAMT1.2 in the roots of tomato were measured. According to our results, both 15NO3−-N and 15NH4+-N were transported via extraradical mycelia to the shoots of plants. 15N accumulation in shoots was similar, regardless of the N form, while a higher 15N concentration was found in shoots with low N application. Compared with the control, inoculation with AMF significantly increased the expression of LeAMT1.1 under high N and LeNRT2.3 under low N. The expression of LeAMT1.1 under high N was significantly increased when NO3—N was added, while the expression of LeNRT2.3 was significantly increased when NH4+-N was added under low N. Taken together, our results suggest that the N transfer by extraradical mycelia is crucial for the acquisition of both NO3−-N and NH4+-N by the tomato plant; however, partial N accumulation in plant tissue is more important with N deficiency compared with a higher N supply. The expression of N transporters was influenced by both the form and level of N supply.

柔性保温墙温室为完全装配式结构,与普通砖墙温室相比,墙体占地面积小,土地利用率达到50%～65%,具有标准化、宜机化程度高等优势.目前该温室仍存在蓄热保温能力弱等问题,综合生产能力需进一步提升.因此提出了北京市柔性保温墙温室发展建议:一是分区试点建设柔性保温墙日光温室;二是研究应用配套增温保温装备和材料;三是探索传统砖墙温室"柔性"改造,加强高效栽培模式集成应用.

Understanding the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) upon the nitrogen (N) uptake of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) plants is crucial for effectively utilizing these beneficial microorganisms in industrial hydroponic tomato production. Yet it remains unknown whether, besides fungal delivery, the AMF also affects N uptake via altered plant root growth or whether, together with changed N transporters expression of hosts, this impact is isolate-specific. We investigated tomato root architecture and the expression of LeAMT1.1, LeAMT1.2, and LeNRT2.3 genes in roots inoculated with five isolates of Funneliformis mosseae, these collected from different geographical locations, under greenhouse conditions with nutritional solution in coconut coir production. Our results revealed that isolate-specific AMF inoculation strongly increased the root biomass, total root length, surface area, and volume. Linear relationships were found between the total root length and N accumulation in plants. Furthermore, expression levels of LeAMT1.1, LeAMT1.2, and LeNRT2.3 were significantly up-regulated by inoculation with F. mosseae with isolate-specific. These results implied N uptake greater than predicted by root growth, and N transporters up-regulated by AMF symbiosis in an isolate-specific manner. Thus, an overlap in root biomass, architecture and expression of N transporters increase N acquisition in tomato plants in the symbiosis.

2021年北京市《关于全面推进乡村振兴加快农业农村现代化的实施方案》,明确提出"把农业科技纳入北京国际科技创新中心建设战略""打造'农业中关村',大力推进平谷区农业科技创新示范区建设".平谷区提出要立足建设一流农业中关村、打造硬核农业中国芯,全力建设农业科技创新示范区,并将设施农业列入未来平谷区农业科技创新示范区重点发展产业之一.

本研究选取北京地区33家种植园区24个番茄品种共计45份番茄样品,调查不同果型成熟果实的可溶性固形物含量和表型性状指标(横径、纵径、果形指数、单果重和果皮厚度),继而对果实表型性状与可溶性固形物含量进行相关分析,探讨品种和栽培条件、技术对番茄品质的影响.结果表明:番茄表型性状指标相互影响,单果重与横径、纵径和果皮厚度呈显著正相关;可溶性固形物含量与果实横径、纵径、单果重和果皮厚度呈显著负相关.聚类分析表明,栽培条件与技术对番茄果实的影响较大,甚至超出品种间差异.本研究结果表明通过正确选择番茄品种及配套栽培管理技术等途径可实现番茄品种特性保持和品质提升.

During the summer months, greenhouse tomato production is challenged by the heat, causing yield reduction; therefore, we conducted a study to test the effectiveness of different foliar spray compositions for the improvement of Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme ‘Qianxi’ nutrition uptake and fruit yield. Two forms of silicon, two kinds of organic nitrogenous compounds and water as the control factor were two-two paired to become nine different recipes, which were as follows: CK (H 2 O), ISi (K 2 SiO 3 ), organic silicon (OSi), potassium fulvate (BSFA), BSFA + ISi, BSFA + OSi, betaine (GB), GB + ISi and GB + OSi. The plants were sprayed three times during the period of the first, second and third truss fruit expansions with a 2-week interval. As a result, BSFA or K 2 SiO 3 generated higher yield in plants compared with the other compositions. Also, K 2 SiO 3 significantly enhanced the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation in fruit and the whole plant. Comparing across the nine recipes, BSFA + ISi, ISi and GB had improved the fruit yield by 17%, 12.7% and 9.5%, performing the best. BSFA + ISi, ISi and GB also improved the plant nitrogen uptake by 8.2%, 18.8% and 9.8%, as well as the potassium uptake by 16.2%, 12.3% and 15.2%, compared with CK, respectively. Thus, K 2 SiO 3 , BSFA and GB stimulated the plant nitrogen and potassium uptake, which improved the marketable yield.

为充分利用北京地区3—5月的优质光热条件、稳定基质栽培番茄品质,通过改变传统栽培方法,采用在同一设施内,人为控制植株高度,只留2穗果和水分亏缺灌溉等栽培措施,研究不同栽培密度(每667 m2分别栽4000、6000、8000株)对番茄产量及品质的影响,结果表明:每667 m2栽6000株处理的果实可溶性固形物含量达到8.2％,667 m2产量为3183.6 k g,均显著高于对照,且较对照667 m2新增纯收益2484元,为适宜的高密栽培密度.

The symbiosis and beneficial effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) on plants have been widely reported; however, the effects might be unascertained in tomato industry production with coconut coir due to the nutrition solution supply, or alternatively with isolate-specific. Five isolates of AM fungi were collected from soils of differing geographical origins, identified as Funneliformis mosseae and evidenced closing evolutionary distances with the covering of the small subunit (SSU) rDNA regions and Pi transporter gene (PT1) sequences. The effects of these isolates on the colonization rates, plant growth, yield, and nutrition uptake were analyzed in tomato nutrition solution production with growing seasons of spring–summer and autumn–winter. Our result indicated that with isolate-specific effects, irrespective of geographical or the SSU rDNA and PT1 sequences evolution distance, two isolates (A2 and NYN1) had the most yield benefits for plants of both growing seasons, one (E2) had weaker effects and the remaining two (A2 and T6) had varied seasonal-specific effects. Inoculation with effective isolates induced significant increases of 29.0–38.0% (isolate X5, T6) and 34.6–36.5% (isolate NYN1, T6) in the plant tissues respective nitrogen and phosphorus content; the plant biomass increased by 18.4–25.4% (isolate T6, NYN1), and yields increased by 8.8–12.0% (isolate NYN1, A2) compared with uninoculated plants. The maximum root biomass increased by 28.3% (isolate T6) and 55.1% (isolate E2) in the autumn–winter and spring–summer growing seasons, respectively. This strong effect on root biomass was even more significant in an industry culture with a small volume of substrate per plant. Our results reveal the potential benefits of using selected effective isolates as a renewable resource that can overcome the suppressing effects of sufficient nutrient availability on colonization rates, while increasing the yields of industrially produced tomatoes in nutrition solution with coconut coir.

现代化大型连栋温室生产模式具有极高的资源利用效率,且工业技术与温室园艺生产有机结合,劳动生产率很高,番茄产量可达35 kg · m-2以上,土地产出率、水分利用效率和肥料利用效率分别是国内普通设施生产番茄的2.8倍以上、1.33倍和1.67倍.

为了满足连栋温室番茄工厂化生产对番茄品种抗性的特殊要求,同时高效利用国外优质良种、降低育苗成本,在采取嫁接育苗的基础上,应用子叶节或真叶节双杈育苗方式,可达到提高幼苗品质及增加育苗产量的目的.北京极星农业有限公司在2020—2021年连栋温室番茄工厂化生产季,应用工厂化番茄小苗龄嫁接及双杈育苗技术获得成功,通过对工厂化番茄小苗龄嫁接及双杈育苗的操作流程、温湿度管理、水肥管理、病虫害防控等要点进行相关总结,为有意开展番茄工厂化生产的经营主体提供了技术参考.

北京市延庆区利用当地海拔高、夏季凉爽的优势,开展塑料大棚水果甜椒越夏无土栽培生产,可在7月初至10月中旬采收,解决北京水果甜椒夏季供应的难题.与传统土壤栽培相比,甜椒产量提高3.2％,节水36.7％,化学农药用量降低53.5％.

据北京市统计局统计,2020年北京市蔬菜播种面积3.81万hm2(57.22万亩),其中叶菜类蔬菜的种植面积最大,为1.81万hm2(27.16万亩),占蔬菜总种植面积的47.47％.近年来,北京叶菜产业以优质绿色高效为目标,加快产业转型升级,向产品安全优质、资源高效节约、环境生态绿色的现代化蔬菜产业发展.通过采用水培技术,叶菜生产可有效避免连作障碍,降低劳动强度,提高生产效率;采用营养液循环模式实现了节水节肥与增产增收的统一;应用水肥和环境精准化调控、全程病虫害绿色防控技术,叶菜产品无重金属及农残问题,有益于保障食品安全.

为研究北京地区不同季节水培生菜适宜的定植密度,以生菜"富兰德里"为试材,4月及7月在深液流漂浮板栽培模式下分别设置6个不同定植密度(20、25、30、35、40、45株/m2),研究其对生菜产量和品质的影响.结果 表明:4月平均温度为18.5℃,定植密度25株/m2(CK)条件下产量最高,可达4.5 kg/m2,V C、可溶性糖含量较高;7月平均温度为25.8℃,定植密度为30株/m2时植株长势较强,产量最高,可达4.2 kg/m2,较对照增产5.0％,且品质与对照无显著性差异.因此,建议春秋季节定植密度为25株/m2,夏季高温定植密度为30株/m2,可节省种子及用工成本,获得较高经济效益.