Objectives: To explore the differences of the pass rate of residency between tertiary hospital and secondary hospital and provide evidence for improving resident training by analyzing the results of clinical skill assessment for cardiology residents in the second stage of standardized training in Beijing. Methods: 429 cardiology residents from more than 40 hospitals in Beijing from 2009 to 2014 were included in this study, and the physicians were divided into two groups according to hospital: Grade Three Class A hospital group (n=191) and Grade Three and below hospital group (n=238), the overall pass rate, case analysis pass rate and accessory examination pass rate were compared between the above two groups. Results: The overall pass rate, case analysis pass rate and accessory examination pass rate of 429 cardiology residents from more than 40 hospitals in Beijing among the five years were 65.97%, 73.89% and 84.62% separately. The overall pass rate and case analysis pass rate of Grade Three Class A hospital group were higher than that of Grade Three and below hospital group. From the year 2009 to 2014, the overall pass rate and case analysis pass rate of Grade Three Class A hospital group showed a rising trend while that of Grade Three and below hospital group showed a decreasing trend, and the accessory examination pass rate in both group showed the same trend. Conclusions: The overall pass rate of cardiology residents from Grade Three and below hospital group was lower and the case analysis ability was weak, so the residents from non-base hospitals should be selected and trained in base hospitals and case analysis training should be strengthened.

目的 评价贝尼地平治疗国人轻中度原发性高血压的疗效与安全性.方法 采用多中心、随机、双盲的研究方法,201名轻、中度原发性高血压患者服用安慰剂2周后随机接受贝尼地平或拉西地平治疗,贝尼地平组(99例)起始剂量为2 mg,1次·d-1,拉西地平组(102例)起始剂量为4 mg,1次·d-1,4周后如果血压未达标,将剂量增加至贝尼地平4 mg·d-1,或拉西地平8 mg· d-1.总治疗期间为8周,每2周随访1次,观察降压疗效和不良反应.结果 服药4周后贝尼地平组SBP由(152.22±13.77) mmHg降至(137.37±15.96) mmHg,8周时降至(136.72±16.49) mmHg(P＜0.01).4周时DBP由(98.45±3.21) mmHg降至(85.34±9.49) mmHg,8周后DBP为(86.55±9.95)mmHg(P ＜0.01),降压总有效率74.7％.拉西地平组治疗4周后SBP由(153.59±12.87) mmHg降至(138.94±14.4) mmHg,8周时降至(134.33±13.90) mmHg(P＜0.01).4周时DBP由(98.48±3.63) mmHg降至(85.81±9.30)mmHg,8周后DBP为(85.01±7.79) mmHg(P ＜0.01),总有效率为78.4％,两组降压疗效比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论 贝尼地平与拉西地平比较降压疗效相当,是一种安全有效的降压药,并具有起效缓慢、作用持久、平稳降压的特点,且不良反应轻微.

Objective: To explore the correlation of total homocysteine(tHcy) level and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR) gene polymorphism with other risk factors in patients of acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Methods: A total of 248 ACS patients admitted in our hospital from July to December 2012 were studied.The patient's gender,age,history of hypertension,diabetes and smoking were recorded,plasma tHcy level,blood lipids and MTHFR gene polymorphism were examined.According to tHcyquartiles,the patients were divided into 4 groups,Group A,(tHcy≥21.35)μmol/L,Group B,(16≤tHcy<21.35)μmol/L,Group C,(12.68 ≤tHcy<16)μmol/L and Group D,(tHcy<12.68)μmol/L.Meanwhile,30 healthy subjects were enrolled as Control group.The impact of MTHFR genotype polymorphism and the relatedrisk factors on tHcy level were statistically analyzed.Results: In ACS patients,the MTHFR C677T TT distribution frequency was 38%,there were 231/248(93%) of patients had hyper-homocysteinemia as(tHcy≥10)μmol/L which was much higher than the normal average level of tHcy(8.83±3.54) umol/L,P<0.05.In Group A and Group B,the MTHFR C677T mutation gene pattern ratio(CT+TT) was statistically the same,98.3% vs 93.6%,P= 0.37 which was much higher than that in Group C and Group D,80.3% vs.64.5%,P<0.01.The ratio of MTHFR C677T TT distribution in group A was significantly higher than that in groups B,C,and D as 67.7%,36.5%,26.2% and 24.2%,P<0.01 respectively.Plasma tHcy level in ACS patients with MTHFR C677T TT pattern was higher than that with CC pattern,P<0.01.Multivariate regression analysis displayed that tHcy level was significantly impacted by MTHFR and LDL-C;there might be an interaction between MTHFR and smoking.Conclusion: Plasma tHcy level obviously increased in ACS patients,the MTHFRC 677TTT mutation may play an important role,LDL-C and smoking should also be involve in tHcy elevation.

Objective To study the correlation of serum homocysteine(Hcy)and hs-CRP levels with MTHFRC677Tgene polymorphism and early renal function in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Methods Three hundred and three ACS patients were divided into≥ 60years old group(n=166)and60years old group(n=137).The serum Hcy and hs-CRP levels,MTHFRC677Tgene polymorphism and eGFR were measured in two groups.Their correlation and interaction were analyzed.Results The serum Hcy and hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in MTHFRC677Tgenotypes CT and TT than in MTHFRC677Tgenotype CC(P0.01).A significant difference was found in eGFR while no significant difference was observed in serum Hcy level between the two groups.The serum hs-CRP level increased with the decreasing eGFR and was significantly higher than the eGFR[≥90ml/(min.1.73m2),P0.01].Correlation analysis showed that the serum hs-CRP level was negatively related the eGFR(P=0.002,P= 0.039).Linear regression analysis revealed that the eGFR could effectively influence the serum hs-CRP level in ≥60years old group(P=0.001).Conclusion MTHFRC677Tgene polymorphism is a major factor for elevated serum Hcy level in elderly ACS patients.The hs-CRP is not related with the serum Hcy level and is negatively related with the eGFR.

Objective: To assess the impact of clinical manifestations and investigations(ECG findings and elevated markers of myocardial injury) on consideration of clinical possibilities of acute pulmonary embolism(APE) in patients with APE and to analysis the reasons for high rate of misdiagnosis of APE regardless of great advances in diagnostic technology.Methods: We included in our retrospective study 132 consecutive patients(54 men and 78 women) from 26 to 86 years of age [mean age(62.5±14) years]hospitalized at our cardiology wards between January 2001and January 2012,discharged with the final diagnosis of APE.Results: Similar to ACS,APE was common in middle-aged and elderly people,but more women than men.Among the 132 patients,108 cases(81.8%) was massive and 87 cases(65.9%) were classified as high and intermediate risk according to the ECS risk stratification.22 patients including 5 patients died during hospitalization had been misdiagnosed as ACS before the diagnosis of APE and 11 patients had been misdiagnosed lung disease(misdiagnostic rate 16.7% and 8.3% respectively).70 cases(53%) were classified to the group suggestive of ACS(min.2 of: chest pain/chest tightness,ischemic changes on electrocardiogram and elevated cardiac troponin I level(cTnI0.01 ng/mL) and 42 cases(31.8%) to the group suggestive of lung disease(min.2 of: dyspnea,cough,fever).There was no significant difference in the size of embolism and the severity of risk stratification of APE between patients misdiagnosed for ACS and patients non-misdiagnosed,but the proportion of massive pulmonary embolism in the group misdiagnosed for Ld was significantly higher than that in the group non-misdiagnosed(P0.05).Compared with non-misdiagnosed patients,the proportions of the patients whose clinical manifestations suggestive of ACS and Ld respectively were significantly higher in both patients misdiagnosed for ACS and Ld(P0.01),The incidence of ischemic ECG changes of patients misdiagnosed for ACS was significantly higher than that of non-misdiagnosed patients(P0.01).Conclusion: In most patients with final diagnosis of APE,symptoms and initial investigation results can mislead to the diagnosis of ACS or lung disease.therefore,advances in diagnostic technology are useless when the presence of PE is not considered.

患者,男,53岁,因发现心脏扩大4年半,反复发作性心悸、乏力伴气短3个月于2010年9月14日入院.4年半前,体检发现心脏扩大(左室舒张末径61mm,按体表面积计算为28.1mm/m2,左室射血分数45％,短轴缩短率23％),当时日常活动无明显乏力、心悸、呼吸困难,已有糖尿病史4年,饮酒史20年(2斤白酒/周),冠造正常,诊断扩张型心肌病(不除外酒精性或糖尿病性),心功能Ⅰ级.近3个月,因反复发作心悸,乏力,伴气短,先后4次住院治疗.据体表及食道心电图诊断为持续性室速(图1).

Objective:To study the current clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of Prinzmetal's variant angina(PVA)in order to better understand myocardial ischemia caused by coronary artery spasm and to improve the management of patients with PVA. Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 30 PVA patients who were treated in our hospital from January 2001 to January 2011with their clinical features,diagnosis,treatment and follow-up prognosis. Results:PVA patients had more male gender and smoking history.There were 20(66.7%)cases had a circadian rhythm upon the onset,13(43.3%)had angina pectoris induced by physical efforts.PVA could be complicated with myocardial infarction,syncope and sudden cardiac death which usually happened at 3 to 6 months after the onset.8 patients had the characteristic of giant "R" wave or "tombstone" wave in ECG.Coronary angiography indicated that PVA involved vessels were left anterior descending artery(LAD,41.7%),right coronary artery(RCA,45.8%)and left circumflex artery(LCX,12.5%)respectively.PVA usually occurred in non-significant stenotic coronary artery and normal coronary artery(13 cases,54.2%).It usually took about 3 months from the first attack to clear diagnosis.Calcium antagonists were the basic treatment for PVA,more than 60% of patients required combined medication.PCI was not the effecfive treatment for PVA stenosis. Conclusion:PVA might be overlooked in clinical practice,early diagnosis was the key to prevent fatal events.Medication was preferred in most patients and PCI could be performed only in certain selected cases.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of hemorrhage in Chinese patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction after treatment with TNK-tPA fibrinolysis. METHODS: Between October 2002 and March 2004, the patients presenting with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction within 6 hours from 5 hospitals in Beijing were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive bodyweight-adjusted bolus of tenecteplase (0.53 mg·kg-1 over more than 10 s) or front loaded rt-PA, and the patients underwent coronary angiography at 90 min after start of study drug. Meanwhile, aspirin and heparin were administered concomitantly for all patients. Other drugs were administered in accordance with the standard for trial drugs. Interventional therapy and coronary artery bypass graft surgery should be applied based on clinicians' decision or the results of coronary angiography at 90 min. The major outcome measures included the incidences of hyporrhea and mild/severe hemorrhage (excluding intracranial hemorrhage, ICH) and the cerebral hemorrhage at 30 days. RESULTS: Of the 110 patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction eligible to statistically analysis (58 patients were assigned to receive tenecteplase versus 52 patients to rt-PA, at 30 days, the incidence of mild hemorrhage was 24.14% for TNK-tPA vs. 17.3% for rt-PA (P=0.483); the incidence of moderate/severe hemorrhage was 8.62% for TNK-tPA versus 5.77% for rt-PA (P=0.72), and the incidences of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) were 3.45% for TNK-tPA versus 1.92% for rt-PA (P=1.00). CONCLUSION: The results of this trial showed a high incidence of ICH at 30 days for Chinese patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction after treatment with TNK-tPA thrombolysis. The safety of TNK-tPA is yet to be confirmed and further study will be necessary for its clinical use in China.

OBJECTIVE:In this randomized, open-label, multicenter, angiographic trial, we compared the efficacy and safety of tenecteplase (TNK-tPA) with alteplase (rt-PA) in Chinese patients with acute myocardial infarction.METHOD:Patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction and pain to hospital time within 6 hours from October 2002, to March 2004 were randomly assigned a body weight-adjusted bolus of TNK-tPA (0.53 mg/kg over more than 10 s, n = 58) or front loaded rt-PA (< or = 100 mg, n = 52). Coronary angiography was performed at 90 min after initiating study drugs. All patients received aspirin and heparin (target activated partial thromboplastin time: 50-70 s). The primary end point of the trial was the rate of TIMI grade 3 flow at 90 minutes. Other end points included the rate of TIMI grade 2/3 flow at 90 minutes, all cause mortality at 30 days, the moderate/severe hemorrhage without intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and ICH within 30 days.RESULTS:TIMI grade 3 flow at 90 minutes (68.4% vs. 66.7%, P = 1.00), TIMI grade 2 or 3 at 90 minutes (89.5% vs. 80.4%, P = 0.278), total mortality at 30 days (13.8% vs. 9.6%, P = 0.565), the rate of moderate/severe hemorrhage (8.6% vs. 5.8%, P = 0.72) and incidence of ICH (3.5% vs. 1.9%, P = 1.00) were all similar in TNK-tPA treated patients compared to rt-PA treated patients.CONCLUSION:The efficacy of single-bolus, weight-adjusted TNK-tPA fibrinolytic regimen is equivalent to front-loaded alteplase in terms of the rates of TIMI grade 3 flow, TIMI 2 or 3 flow. Incidences of moderate/severe hemorrhage, ICH and 30-days mortality were similar in TNK-tPA and rt-PA treated patients.

目的:探讨组织速度成像技术(TV I)结合多巴酚丁胺负荷试验(DSE)评价急性心梗存活心肌的价值。方法:40例AM I患者PC I术前、后接受TV I和DSE检查,测量梗死室壁收缩期峰值速度(VS)、基础状态射血分数(EF)、室壁运动记分指数(WM S I)及DSE中VS、EF及WM S I的变化。结果:以DSE中VS增加值,△VS≥2 cm/s为标准,检测存活心肌的敏感度、特异度和准确度为81%、80%、79%。结论:DSE中,△VS更准确评价心梗后存活心肌和缺血心肌。

BACKGROUND: Primary studies suggest that coronary artery stenosis is highly exactly shown by 16-slice spiral CT coronary artery imaging.OBJECTIVE: To compare the accuracy and limitation between coronary angiography and multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) coronary artery imaging to diagnose moderate and severe coronary artery stenosis. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Clinical diagnostic study based on gold standard, which was carried out in the Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from June 2005 to March 2006. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-eight patients with suspected coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease were examined by 64-slice spiral CT coronary artery imaging and coronary artery angiography during the 1-month hospitalization in the Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from June 2005 to March 2006. METHODS: 280 segments of 28 patients were quantitatively analyzed coronary artery stenosis by selective coronary artery angiography and multi-slice spiral CT imaging based on eye-measurement diameter method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: True positive, true negative, false positive, false negative, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of coronary artery stenosis were measured by multi-slice spiral CT imaging.RESULTS: All 28 patients were included in the final analysis. Multi-slice spiral CT imaging showed that the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 46.5%, 97.6%, 86.8%, and 84.3%, respectively. If excluding the effect of 31 coronary segments with severe calcification, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 66.7%, 98.6%, 90.3% and 93.6%, respectively.CONCLUSION: Multi-slice spiral CT imaging is simple, reliable, noninvasive and safe; moreover, it has a good potential for diagnosing especially excluding coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease, but still some limits.

Objective To investigate the relationship between intracranial or extracranial arteriosclerotic stenosis and coronary artery stenosis. Methods A total of 34 patients with coronary heart disease, whose coronary artery stenosis were confirmed by coronary arteriography. All of the patients were underwent cerebral angiography simultaneously and were divided into group A(n=18;coronary artery stenosis ≤ 2 branches) and group B (n=16;coronary artery stenosis ≥3 branches). Stenotic lessions in intracranial arteries(198 arteries in group A; 176 arteries in group B). extracranial arteries(176 arteries in group A;128 arteries in group B). carotid artery system(180 arteries in group A; 160 arteries in group B) and vertebra-basilar artery system(90 arteries in group A; 80 arteries in group B)in both groups were compared according to their angiographic findings. Results The detectable rates of intra and extracranial artery stenoses in group A were 4.6% (9/198) and 13.2% (19/144), respectively; and they were 12.5% (22/176) and 28.9% (37/128), respectively in group B,and there was statistical significance between the two groups (P=0.005, P=0.001).The severity of intra and extracranial artery stenosis in group A was as follows: mild stenosis 11 arteries (39%), moderate stenosis 19 arteries (32%), and severe stenosis 8 arteries (29%); and they were 13 (22%), 14 (24%), and 32 (54%) arteries in group B, and there was statistical significance between the two groups (P=0.026).The detectable rates of stenotic lesions in carotid artery system and vertebro-basilar artery system were 8.3% (15/180) and 8.9% (8/90) respectively in group A, they were 21.9% (35/160) and 16.3% (13/80) respectively in group B, and there was statistical significance between the two groups (P=0.000); however, there was no statistical significance in vertebra-basilar artery system (P=0.147). Conclusion In patients with coronary heart disease, the more severe the coronary artery stenosis is, the more aggravated stenotic lesions in intra-extracranial arteries will be, especially in the carotid artery system.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the relationship between coronary and carotid/cerebral atherosclerotic stenosis.METHODS:Carotid/aortocranial angiography and coronary angiography were performed in 34 CAD patients complicated with symptomatic cerebral ischemia. Patients were divided into 3 subgroups according to the extent of arterial stenosis determined by angiography. There were 5 light, 4 moderate and 25 severe stenosis determined by coronary angiography and there were 6 light, 6 moderate and 24 severe stenosis determined by carotid/aortocranial angiography.RESULTS:The extent of coronary artery stenosis was parallel to the carotid artery or vertebral artery stenosis. Twenty-four patients out of 25 patients with severe coronary stenosis had severe cerebrovascular stenosis (P = 0.873). The coincident rate was as high as 92% for patients with moderate or severe cerebrovascular stenosis whose Califf risk scores of coronary artery were more than or equal to 2. The follow-up study showed the incidence of cardiovascular event and cerebrovascular event increased significantly in the patients with moderate to severe coronary and cerebral arteries stenosis and 3 patients with severe stenosis found in both coronary and cerebral arteries died during follow up.CONCLUSION:The incidence and severity of coronary artery stenosis is parallel with carotid artery or vertebral artery stenosis.

Objective:This study is to assess clinical safety of intracoronary transplantation of autologous bone marrow cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI),and to observe beneficial effect during the process of postinfarction remodeling.Method:There were 50 AMI patients randomly selected into bone marrow derived mononuclear in cells treatment group and 34 AMI patients in control group.All patients received emergency thromboysis or percutaneous transcoronary angioplasty(PTCA),and had patency of TIMI Ⅲ.During the next 14 days,patients received PTCA+stenting for coronary stenosis.Dobutamine stress echocardiography were performed before and 6-month,2-year after treatment.There were 40 ml aspirates of born marrow obtained in patients of cells treatment group.Mononuclear cells including endothelial progenitor cells were purified and counted,then transferred into infracted artery via 6F coronary angiography catheter.Result:Clinical follow up shows no side effect in 50 patients who received autologous bone marrow cells.Further more less nitroglycerin use and increased excise activity have been found in this group.Stress echocardiography shows significant improvement of left ventricular WMSI in treatment group patients.There were significant differences between peak WMSI and basement WMSI before and 6-month,2-year after cell treatment.Conclusion:Intracoronary autologous bone marrow cell transplantation is feasible and safey in patients with AMI.Stress echocardiography shows that autologous bone marrow cells transplantation plays a protective role in maintaining heart function after AMI.

Objective To compare the accuracy and limit of 64-slice spiral CT (MSCT) coronary angiography with invasive coronary angiography in the detection of significant coronary stenosis (≥50% lumen diameter narrowing). Methods Data were assessed from 28 subjects (19 men, 9 women) (mean age 63.6 years; range 39-78 years) referred to MSCT who also had undergone invasive coronary angiography within a time frame of one month. Images of MSCT and invasive coronary angiography were analyzed. Results The accuracy of coronary MSCT was computed on a per segment basis. Average sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of MSCT were 46.5%, 97.6%, 86.8% and 84.3%, respectively. If excluding the effect of 31 coronary segments with severe calcification, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of MSCT were 66.7%, 98.6%, 90.3% and 93.6%, respectively. Conclusion MSCT coronary angiography is simple, reliable, noninvasive and low risk, it has a good potential for the detection of coronary stenosis, and may be most useful for excluding coronary artery disease. But it has its limits.

Objective To evaluate the results of teaching in both Chinese and English with 7-year-program clinical medicine majors and analyze the influencing factors.Methods Data from a questionnaire survey of 25 students exposed to bilingual teaching were analyzed.Results The students generally approved of the model of bilingual teaching,which was contributory to improving their proficiency in specialized English.However,uneven English levels on the part of teachers and students and imperfect materials and methods as well as discontinuity affected the overall results of bilingual teaching and to some extent the students' mastery of specialized knowledge.Conclusion Bilingual teaching with 7-year-program clinical medicine majors is a must,and yet persistent efforts need to be made in enhancing the teachers' English level,compiling proper textbooks and improving teaching methods so as to genuinely better the results of bilingual teaching.

目的:研究急性肺动脉栓塞(APE)的临床心电图动态演化规律,阐明其多样性表现的机制.方法:收集42个APE病例的心电图系列,每一例按记录时间顺序对7个特征性指标(心率,SⅠ、QⅢ、TⅢ、TV1、STV、RV1或r'V1波)采样.分析该7个特征指标的时变特征,并总结归纳出APE心电图的多指标关联时变模式.结果:该时变理论模式表明,典型APE患者心电图随病程的动态变化,以TV1波倒置达峰时间为界,可化分为3个阶段.发病至TV1波倒置达峰前为第一阶段,TV1波倒置逐渐加深,表现为下降线,其它各指标在该阶段即已迅速完成上升或下降的演变而进入快速回复期,其时变模式曲线呈"反S"型或"S"型;第二阶段即为TV1波倒置达峰阶段,其时间大概处于TV1波总演变时间的前1/3处;自TV1波倒置达峰后至回复发病前水平为第三阶段.结论:临床APE心电图表现之多样性,是不同阶段各指标的联合表现特征和形式多样性的反映.该时变模式曲线可应用于临床判断疾病阶段.

近年来,血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(ARB),已经成为临床高血压治疗指南所推荐的抗高血压治疗的常用药物之一,国产坎地沙坦酯系国内自行合成生产的ARB,可降低成本,方便患者.因此,本研究旨在以依那普利为对照,观察国产坎地沙坦在中国轻、中度原发性高血压治疗中的有效性、安全性及耐受性.

Aim To assess the efficacy and safety of benidipine on patients with essential hypertension compared with lacidipine.Methods The test was a multicenter randomized,double-blind,actively controlled clinical trial.All the 201 patients volunteers with essential hypertension were selected and randomly double-blind divided into benidipine (n=99) and lacidipine(n=102) groups,each of which,respectively,received a single oral dose of benidipine 2mg or lacidipine 4mg,Qd,for eight weeks.The dosage titrated to benidipine 4mg Qd or lacidipine 8mg Qd if the setting DBP exceeded 85mmHg at the end of the fourth week.Results In patients who were administrated with benidipine for eight weeks,the systolic blood pressure(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(SBP) depressed (15.51±17.19)mmHg and 11.82±9.84mmHg(P<0.01),and in patients who administrated lacidipine,SBPand DBP depressed by (19.26±15.85)mmHg and (13.51±7.26)mmHg(P<0.01);The total response rate was 74.7% for benidipine and 78.4% for lacidipine(P>0.05).After 8 weeks of treatment with benidipine,the 36 patients who reached the target blood pressrue stayed on the treatment with the same dosage for 16 weeks,and their total response rate still was 88.9%.ABPM for 12 patients administrated benidipine showed that benidipine reduced the average blood pressure (24h,day,night) and the mean trough-to-peak ratio was 78% for SBP and 80% for DBP.The adverse drug reactions of both groups were mild,making up 10.8% and 11.5%(P>0.05) respectively.Conclusion These results suggest that benidipine is a safe and effective anti-hypertension drug.