Objective To explore the methods and effects of health education against cancer in servicemen.Methods Anti -cancer handbooks were handed out to some servicemen for self-study in their spare rime.A questionnaire survey was conducted after 3 months to compare these subjects with those who did not participate in the education program.The changes in levels of cognition about cancer were analyzed.Results After self-study,the subjects' cognition about cancer improved significantly,especially in soldiers,those with high school diplomas and those with no medical training experience.The total awareness rate increased from 71.05％ to 81.06％,while the rate of positive attitude toward diagnosis and treatment increased from 40.26％ to 54.27％.Conclusion Self-study is a good means of health education against cancer,which can effectively promote soldiers' awareness of cancer.However,because of the insidious onset and low incidence rate of cancer in the army,soldiers are not quite interested in learning about cancer.We should work harder to enhance their awareness of prevention,early detection,early diagnosis and early treatment.

目的:探究非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)脑转移瘤经替莫唑胺结合全脑放疗治疗的临床效果.方法:从我院的NSCLC脑转移瘤患者中选取16例作为本次研究对象,随机分为对照组和研究组,每组各8例.对照组患者进行全脑放疗治疗,研究组在此基础上加入替莫唑胺治疗.结果:研究组的总有效率87.00％明显高于对照组总有效率75.00％;研究组的远期疗效明显优于对照组;研究组的不良反应发生率37.50％低于对照组的不良反应总发生率50.00％;治疗后研究组的KPS评分(85.4±2.7)分优于对照组的(74.8±2.1)分.结论:对非小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤患者进行替莫唑胺联合全脑放疗的疗效显著,能够有效地控制患者复发时间,提高患者的生存质量,值得推广到临床应用中.

目的:探究复方苦参注射液配合化疗治疗恶性肿瘤的临床效果.方法:从我院收治的恶性肿瘤患者中选取300例作为本次的研究对象,随机将他们分为对照组和研究组.对照组进行单纯化疗,研究组采用复方苦参注射液加化疗.对比两组的临床疗效以及不良反应发生的情况.结果:对照组病灶缓解总有效率74.00%低于研究组总有效率80.67%;研究组患者的恶心呕吐、口腔炎、腹泻、白细胞减少以及肝功能损害的发生率均明显低于对照组;研究组治疗后的生活质量高于对照组.结论:复方苦参注射液配合化疗治疗的方法能够有效地控制病灶,缓解病情,临床效果显著,值得在应用中推广.

目的 探讨新疆南部沙漠边缘地区皮肤癌的临床特征.方法 回顾分析我院1999～2012年收治经病理诊断明确的皮肤癌患者108例,对其年龄、性别、发病部位、病灶大小、病理类型、从事职业等进行统计分析.结果 本组病例占我院同期确诊恶性肿瘤的3.97％,均为维吾尔族人,农民91例(84.3％),发病高峰年龄段为61～70岁(36.1％).肿瘤病灶最大直径＞10 cm 7例,5～10 cm 24例,2 cm＜直径≤5 cm 65例,≤2 cm 12例.发病部位为头面部89例(82.4％),其他19例(17.6％).基底细胞癌52例(48.1％),其中男22例(20.4％),女30例(27.8％);鳞状细胞癌56例(51.9％),其中男42例(38.9％),女14例(13.0％).结论 新疆南部沙漠边缘地区皮肤癌发病人群主要以维吾尔族农民为主,发病部位大多为头面部,基底细胞癌与鳞状细胞癌病例数总体相似,但男女比例有显著差异.紫外线辐射对该地区皮肤癌发生、发展有一定影响,应积极采取防护措施.

目的 探讨在医疗条件无法达到规范治疗要求的情况下,如何尽量有效控制宫颈癌患者的症状,改善生存质量以及延长生存期.方法 对在我院或外院经临床以及病理确诊为宫颈癌而无条件行手术、化疗以及后装腔内放疗的患者,给予单纯体外放射治疗.结果 经放疗后症状减轻或消失,生活质量明显改善,3、5年生存率达到58.71%和8.71%.结论 虽然目前体外+腔内后装放疗为宫颈的规范放疗方案,但在无足够医疗资源完成规范治疗的情况下,立足现有条件单纯放疗也能较好的改善患者生存质量,延长生存时间.

新疆南部喀什、和田地区是维吾尔族主要集居地,同时又是多种恶性肿瘤的高发区,尤其以宫颈癌、食管癌更为多见,如维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌发病率达22/10万,为汉族的6倍多[1].为探讨近年来南疆维吾尔族宫颈癌发病年龄及月经婚育特征,我们对1999-01～2006-12收治的维吾尔族宫颈癌患者临床流行病学资料进行了调查,现报告如下.

新疆南部喀什、和田地区是维吾尔族主要集居地,同时又是多种恶性肿瘤的高发区,如宫颈癌的发病率为227/10万,患病率是汉族的6倍多,且发病年龄有年轻化趋势[1,2].1999-01～2006-12,我们在没有近距离后装放疗条件、患者又无法转院的情况下,收治宫颈癌患者815例(其中维吾尔族794例,均为鳞癌;汉族21例,鳞癌20例,腺癌1例),根据病情及患者意愿,分为体外放疗配合手术(RT+S或S+RT)、单纯体外放疗(RT)、同步增敏放化疗(CRT)及序贯放化疗(RT+CT)等四种治疗方式,现将其中按计划完成治疗及坚持随访者633例报告如下.

Aim: To explore the application value of oxygen enrichment in high-altitude miliary medicine. Methods: Oxygen was delivered into a room at an altitude of 3 700 meters to the concentration of 24.0% - 25.0%. Ten soldiers, aged 19 - 2 , all of Han nationality, took bicycle exercise test to record the SaO 2 and heart rate under the primary load and 2.5 min after every increase of load by degrees, and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 min after the test. Five days after they were asked to sleep for 12 h in the oxygen-enriched room. Their SaO 2 and heart rate at state of rest before entering the oxygen-enriched room, after staying in the oxygen-enriched for 2 and 11 h, and 2 h after leaving the oxygen enrichment were detected. Then bicycle exercise test was repeated in the same manner. Results: The SaO 2 was(91.2 ± 2.4)% before entering the oxygen-enriched room, and was increased to(95.5 ± 0.9)% and (95.1 1.9)% respectively 2 and 11 h after staying in the oxygen-enriched room(t = 5.446 and 4.124, both P < 0.01). The heart rate was (91.0 ± 14.0) min before entering the oxygen-enriched room, and was significantly declined to (70.2 ± 11.3) times/min and (64.5 ± 5.1) times/min respectively 2 and 11 hours after staying in the oxygen-enriched room (t = 3.652 and 5.612, both P < 0.01). The SaO 2 was (92.3 ± 2.0)% 2 h after leaving the oxygen-enriched room, close to the level before entering the oxygen-enriched room. The average SaO was(85.8 ± 2.0)% under the condition of bicycle exercise test carried out after leaving the oxygen-enriched room, significantly higher than that before oxygen enrichment under the condition of the same bicycle exercise test(t = 3.642, P < 0.01), while the heart rate was decreased (t = 2.182, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Oxygen enrichment for 12 h is effective in improvinghigh-altitude hypoxia and reserving body energy.

目的:探讨酪氨酸对高原人体运动时自由基代谢的影响.方法:对进驻海拔3 700 m高原半年的30名健康青年,每组10人.在安静时,服药前、服药第不同时间分别进行渐增负荷运动至力竭,测定其血清中超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和丙二醛(MDA)含量.结果:给予酪氨酸、乙酰唑胺10d即可使SOD、GSH-Px活性增强,MDA降低;乙酰唑胺停药10d药效消失,酪氨酸停药20d药效消失.结论:酪氨酸、乙酰唑胺对高原低氧所致自由基代谢失衡有调节作用,且酪氨酸效果更明显.

目的探讨药物对高原移居者低氧条件下负荷运动后视网膜的动态改变,为改善高原脑-体功效能力提供科学依据. 方法随机选择驻海拔3700m6个月的男性青年20名,分组口服酪氨酸、乙酰唑胺,服药15天.于服药前、服药15天、停药10天时应用EGM型脚踏车功量仪进行负荷运动,运动结束后10分钟进行眼底检诊. 结果服药前运动前甲乙两组视乳头充血、视网膜静脉怒张、动脉痉挛、视网膜渗出的发生人数和改变程度、百分率与服药前运动后比较差异非常显著(P＜0.01或(P＜0.05).乙组与服药前运动后比较相差显著(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).停药10天运动后,甲组视乳头充血、视网膜动脉痉挛,乙组视网膜动脉痉挛、与服药前运动后比较相差显著(P＜0.05). 结论口服酪氨酸与乙酰唑胺均能有效减轻高原移居者低氧条件下负荷运动后的视网膜缺氧性改变,停药10天后仍保持一定的药理作用.

目的观察在海拔3 700 m建立富氧室对人体通气无氧阈值的影响. 方法 10名受试者在进入富氧室前后分别坐于踏车功量计上,以60 r/min连续踏车,0 W为静息时对照值,每3 min递增25 W,踏车至力竭时停止,用O2-CO2气体测定仪分析每个负荷最后0.5 min的O2和CO2,用心电图机同步记录心率.计算肺通气量(E)、氧耗量(O2)、二氧化碳产生量(CO2)、呼吸商(RQ)及氧通气当量(E/O2). 结果富氧室前后在功率分别达75 W和100 W时E、O2、CO2出现明显增加,RQ出现"转折点",E/O2由下降转向平稳. 结论在海拔3 700 m入富氧室停留后能增加人体通气无氧阈,使肺功能得到明显提高.

选择在海拔4100m居住一年的24名于平原出生的健康青年,用EGM型踏车功量仪做体力劳动试验,观察心率(P)、心搏量(SV)、平均动脉压(MAP)、主动脉排空系数(BK)、总周围阻力(TPR)、肺动脉楔压(PAWP)、冠状动脉灌注压(CCP)、有效血容量(BV),动脉血粘度(η)、微循环半更新时间(ALT)等10项指标变化情况.结果做功后较做功前Bk增高显著,P＜0.05;P、TPR、PAWP增高非常显著,P＜0.01,SV、MAP、CCP、BV、η、ACT降低非常显著,P＜0.01.作者认为,本组试验者PWC170做功前,血流动力学为低排高阻性改变,做功后为由代偿向代偿紊乱失调发展的低排低阻性改变,这可能是高原劳动力降低的重要原因之一.

目的:探讨在高原建立富氧室对机体运动后肌肉代谢产物的影响.为研究部队在高原运动中抗疲劳措施提供科学依据.方法:对海拔3 700 m高原的10名健康青年在进入富氧室前后分别进行功率自行车递增负荷运动,检测血乳酸、氨、肌红蛋白含量,并以安静时作对照.结果:安静时血乳酸、氨和肌红蛋白分别为(1.68±0.42)mmol@L-1、(53.68±5.42)μg@L-1和(66.27±10.88)μg@L-1,均低于进入富氧室前运动后的数值(P＜0.01).富氧后运动后的血乳酸与氨分别为(6.38±0.53)mmol@L-1与(66.71±6.53)μg@L-1,非常显著低于富氧前运动后的(7.52±0.69)mmol@L-1与(82.09±7.94)μg@L-1,(P＜0.01),而富氧后运动后的肌红蛋白(86.96±17.02)μg@L-1,显著低于富氧前运动后的(108.53±17.98)μg@L-1,(P＜0.05).结论:高原富氧室能增强机体能量代谢,减轻体力性疲劳,是一种较为理想的高原供氧途径.

目的观察在海拔3700m建立富氧室对人体体力活动时氧耗量的影响.方法:10名受试者在进入富氧室前后分别观察氧耗量(VO2)及氧脉搏(VO2/HR).结果:心率在100b～170b/min时,富氧室随HR增加而呈线性增加[分别为Y＝(0.0165+0.0073)x,r=0.9877,P＜0.001;Y＝(-0.1629+0.0087)x,r=0.9902,P＜0.001].结论:富氧室在高原能提高心脏作功效率和改善肺功能.

AbstrcatObjective:To investigate the application value of oxygen-enriched room in the military medicine of plateau by finding out its effect on human blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) and heart rate (HR).Methods:10 volunteers lived at 3 700 m altitude were assigned to stay for 12 h in the room in which the oxygen concentration was raised to 24.0-25.0%.The SaO2 and HR were examined at the following time:before entering the room,2 h and 11 h after staying in the room,2 h after leaving the room for rest and 2 h after leaving the room for pedaling the EGM efficiency-bicycle.Results:SaO2 was raised and HR was lowered after the volunteers stayed in the room for 2 h and 11 h (P0.01).However,the increased SaO2 recovered to the previous level after 2 h .Pedaling the EGM efficiency-bicycle after leaving the room lowered HR and raised SaO2 to a level higher than that before oxygen-enrichment (P0.05).Conclusion:Staying in oxygen-enriched environment for 12 h can help to improve the bodily hypoxia and energy storage.

Objective To explore the effect of L-arginine(L-Arg) on plasma level of nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) in patients with high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). Methods In the clinic at 3 700 m altitude, 8 cases of HAPE were treated with L-Arg (20 g) intravenous instillation on the basis of routine treatment (L-Arg group), and other 8 cases of HAPE were treated with low concentration (0.001%) NO gas mixture inhalation (NO group) in addition to routine treatment. Their plasma levels of NO and NOS were examined before treatment and after recovery. Results As compared with those before treatment the plasma NO and NOS levels in patients after recovery were significantly increased both in Arg group and NO group (P0.05, P0.01). The differences between plasma NO and NOS levels of Arg group and NO group patients were non-significant before treatment and after recovery. Conclusion Both NO inhalation and L-Arg instillation can improve the plasma level of NOS in HAPE patients, and L-Arg instillation is more economical and easy to operate.

Objective:To study the effect of tyrosine and acetazolamide on brain-body function of healthy youth on high attitude Method:30 male subjects having stayed 3700m attitude for 6 months were randomly allocated into three groups: tyrosine group, acetazolamide group and control group Their hands-feet cross movement and light-signal memory were tested with DDX-200 multifunction machine at rest and after incremental exercise before taking medicine, after taking for 15 days, and 10 days after the medicine was stopped Results:The total times, correct times and wrong times of cross-movement increased after taking medicines for 15 days both at rest and after exercise, the wrong times in vision-memory test decreased, all of the effect retained for 10 days after stopping the medications Conclusion:Both tyrosine and acetazolamide can improve the brain-body function at high attitude and these effects maintained for 10 days after stopping the medicines

为探讨改善高原低氧对人体血流动力学不良影响的防治措施,我们对移居海拔5 400 m 1年的青年官兵进行了服用复方党参1个月的对比观察.

目的：探讨居住海拔5000米以上地区人群睡眠血氧饱和度(SaO2)的变化以及复方红景天和乙酰唑胺的调节作用。方法：对居住海拔5380米1年的24名青年随机分为A组(红景天组)、B组(乙酰唑胺组)和C组(红景天+乙酰唑胺组)，每组8人，在服药前和服药24天后分别进行睡眠SaO2监测。结果：服药后较服药前清醒时SaO2(WSaO2)最高睡眠监测过程中SaO2最低(LSO2)和平均SaO2(MSaO2)均增高，氧减饱和度指数(DI4)及SaO280％的时间占总监测时间的百分比(SIT80)均降低，差异非常显著(P＜0.01)与A组比较，服药后B组和C组，SIT80降低不如A组明显，差别有显著性意义(P＜0.05)。WSaO2、ISaO2、MSaO2及DL各组间比较均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)，结论：红景天复方和乙酰唑胺均能明显提高睡眠SaO2真，在改善SIT80方面乙酰唑胺有优于红景天复方的趋势，但两种药物合用并无明确的协同作用。