安山窑址位于浙江省杭州市萧山区进化镇大汤坞村席家自然村西南处的山坡上.2005年9~12月,浙江省文物考古研究所联合杭州市萧山区博物馆对窑址进行了发掘,清理东周时期龙窑3座,出土大量原始瓷和印纹硬陶.根据地层关系及出土遗物差异将安山窑址的原始瓷和印纹硬陶分为三期:第一期年代为春秋晚期,上限或可至春秋中期;第二期年代为春秋末期至战国初期;第三期年代为战国早期.安山窑址Y1火膛两侧的护窑土墙在同时期的窑址发掘中尚属首次发现.安山窑址的发掘对于研究东周时期原始瓷及印纹硬陶的窑业技术、生产体系具有重要意义.

Using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(EDXRF),the chemical compositions of celadon sherds from the Ming Dynasty located at Feng Dong Rock in Longquan were measured,and the data were analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis.The CaO content in the glaze of celadon greatly declined and the contents of K2O and Na2O gradually increased from the Northern Song Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty.Comparing the celadon sherds from the Ming Dynasty and Southern Song Dynasty,the CaO con-tent in the glaze declines by an average of 6.05% and the K2O+Na2O content increases by 1.51%.The raw material used to make the body of the Ming Dynasty celadon is consistent with that of celadon of the Southern Song Dynasty.In addition,the relationship be-tween the color of the glaze and chemical compositions is discussed.

Not until Ming Dynasty had the porcelain produced by Long Kiln been widely used in southern China.On the base of unearthed porcelain of Long Kiln in Zhejiang Province,this article discussed the development of Long Kiln,the capacity of the kiln,the production system,and the smoke extraction.Long Kiln had been developing steadily since Shang Dynasty.The production system involved fire stove,firing chamber,smoke extraction,and firewood delivering had been complete in Tang and Song Dynasties.The same development occurred also in the kiln furniture.Using of saggers was a sign of the mature of the productive technology of Long Kiln.In the ancient time,the Long Kiln had no stack higher than the stoves,so its smoke extraction can also extract and control the extraction of smoke.

东汉晚期越窑青釉瓷的烧制成功,是我国陶瓷工艺技术发展过程中第三个里程碑.它的出现使中国成为世界上最早发明瓷器的国家①.越窑创建于东汉,鼎胜于唐、五代,衰落于宋代,历时千余年②.

Chemical composition is an important information of studying the provenance character of ancient pottery and porcelain. The ancient celadon samples produced in Later Tang (850–907 A.D.) to Former Southern Song (1127–1279 A.D.) have been analyzed with NAA. Its provenance characteristic was compared with that of Hongzhou Kiln of Jiangxi Province and Yaozhou Kiln of Shanxi Province in this paper. The experimental data were studied with statistic methods. The results indicated that the chemical compositions of ancient porcelain body samples made in three kilns were different. The difference is able to be identified. The porcelain body materials of both Silongkou Yue Kiln and Hongzhou Kiln were similar. The samples of Yaozhou kiln in north of China existed obvious difference.

<正>越窑制瓷工艺在晚唐得到显著提高。在胎釉配方、造型装饰、窑具和烧制方面均有了重大改进和提高,而且在九世纪上半叶创制和使用了匣钵,特别是细质匣钵的出现,由于是用与制作器物相同的胎泥来制作匣钵,而且在烧瓷时用釉封接,烧成后只有打破匣钵,才能取出器物,虽然制作成本较大,但有效地保证了瓷器烧成时的还原气氛和防止落渣的发生,使瓷器质量明显提高;另一方

Provenance characteristic is an important scientific parameter to identify ancient porcelain wares unearthed from sites and graves.The porcelain samples of Si-Long-Kou kiln of Zhejiang Province,Hong-Zhou kiln of Jiangxi Province and Yao-Zhou kiln of Shanxi Province have been analyzed with neutron activation analysis(NAA).The experimental data were studied with statistic methods.The results show that the chemical compositions of porcelain body samples for three kilns were different. The difference was able to be identified. The body materials of both Si-Long-Kou Yue kiln and Hong-Zhou kiln of Jiangxi were similar. The samples of Yao-Zhou kiln in north of China existed obvious difference.

The SRXRF line scanning analysis technique was used to measure the elements' content in the Dilingtou Yue procelain sherd of Southern Song Dynasty from glaze to body. It is found that there exists a middle layer between the porcelain glaze and body. And a line scanning analysis comparison was made with the Ru porcelain in Northern Song Dynasty. There are some differences between them and the middle layer of Dilingtou Yue sherd is a little thinner than the Ru sherd's. And elements' content distributions in glaze are different from Ru porcelain's and the changes of contents from the surface to the inner side of glaze are undulatory. The results indicate that the differences may result from the different materials of body and the different kilns.

中华文明历史悠久,源远流长.瓷器的发明和发展是中华文明的重要组成部分,也是我国先民对世界文明作出的重要贡献之一.中国的瓷器缘自商周时期的原始瓷①,这一点,学术界似乎已达成共识.

elements of eighty ancient celadon samples were analyzed by using synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF). V, Ni, Zn and Mn display variable dynastic orderliness. Results of statistic analysis show that Yue kiln ancient celadon has distinctively born character on different dynasty and kiln. The statistic analysis results of SRXRF and NAA are similar.