抽取57份2020年广东省职业卫生技术服务机构重点行业定期检测报告,经5名专家评比打分,平均得分(74.9±5.4)(63.4～88.6)分,合格率100％,其中优秀报告8份(14.0％).单项审查内容结果显示,合同项优秀的报告有56份,占98.2％;现场调查和工作日写实项不合格的报告有19份,占33.3％,各单项的评分结果差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).不同资质、不同性质机构的报告优秀率差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),原甲级资质机构和公立机构的报告质量分别优于原乙级资质机构和民营机构.

Objective: To understand the comparability of noise measurement results of various occupational hygiene technical service organizations in Guangdong Province by conducting inter-laboratory comparison of measuring instruments and personnel operation. Methods: In October 2020, the instrument comparison and personnel comparison among 91 occupational hygiene technical service organizations engaged in noise measurement in Guangdong Province were carried out in the form of fixed-point measurement and simulated workplace measurement, and the results were analyzed and evaluated by using the robust z-ratio score. Results: In the instrument comparison, 6 organizations had 1 or 2 outliers in their z-ratio scores, 2 organizations had 2 problematic values in their z-ratio scores, and a total of 8 organizations (accounting for 8.8%) were judged as unqualified; A total of 83 organizations (accounting for 91.2%) with satisfactory z-ratio scores or only one problematic value were judged as qualified. In the personnel comparison, there were 11 organizations with 1 or 2 outliers in the z-ratio score, and 1 organization with 2 problematic values in the z-ratio score. A total of 12 organizations (13.2%) were judged as unqualified and 79 organizations (accounting for 86.8%) with satisfactory z-ratio scores or only one problematic value were judged as qualified. Through comprehensive judgment, 20 organizations (22.0%) were judged as unqualified, and 71 organizations (78.0%) were judged as qualified. There was no statistically significant difference in the qualified rates of instrument comparison results, personnel comparison results and comprehensive evaluation results of non-private organizations and private organizations (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the qualified rates of instrument comparison results and comprehensive evaluation results of qualified organizations and unqualified organizations (P>0.05), there was significant difference in the qualified rate of personnel comparison results (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The noise measurement results of some occupational health technical service organizations in Guangdong Province are generally comparable. To carry out inter-laboratory comparison of noise instrument performance and personnel operation ability of occupational hygiene technical service organizations, can comprehensively evaluate the testing process of each organization and find out the problems existing in each organization.

Objective To analyze the physical agent detection ability of occupational health technical service institutions in Guangdong Province. Methods A total of 92 institutions in Guangdong Province that participated in the inter laboratory comparison of physical agents organized in 2020 were taken as the research subjects using purposive sampling method. The certified physical factor items, number of measuring instruments and measurement standards were investigated. Results The certification and accreditation project on physical agents, in 92 institutions with certification and accreditation rate ＞80.0%, were noise, high temperature, ultraviolet radiation, hand-transmitted vibration and illumination. The certification approval rates of power frequency magnetic field, 1 Hz to 100 kHz electric field, 1 Hz to 100 kHz magnetic field, laser radiation, physical labor intensity, and whole-body vibration were ＜60.0%. The certification and accreditation rate of noise（98.9%） was the highest, and that of the physical labor intensity（3.3%） was the lowest（P＜0.01）. As for the number of measuring instruments, the number of noise measuring instruments accounted for the highest proportion（52.6%） in 92 institutions. The number of measuring instruments from the most to the least was grade A, grade B and unqualified institutions（P＜0.01）. The number of measuring instruments in private institutions was greater than that in non-private institutions（P＜0.01）. In the measurement standards, some institutions that have certified power frequency electric field, power frequency magnetic field and microclimate projects still used the abandoned standard. Some institutions that have certified microclimate, illuminance and whole-body vibration used the wrong measurement standards. Conclusion Among the physical agents, the certification and accreditation rate of noise is the highest, and the number of noise related measuring instruments is the largest. The qualified institutions and private institutions have greater number of certification and accreditation projects on physical agents and measuring instruments.

目的 分析连续开展实验室间比对对职业卫生技术服务机构噪声现场测量水平的影响.方法 收集2014、2017和2018年参加工作场所噪声测量实验室间比对的68、55和50家职业卫生技术服务机构实验室(参比机构)的结果,依据GBZ/T 189.8-2007《工作场所物理因素测量第8部分:噪声》评定现场测量操作和等效声级计算结果,采用z比分数对测量结果进行评估.结果 噪声测量现场操作中,参比机构2014、2017和2018年3年仪器设置正确率分别为89.7％、98.2％和100.0％,测量位置正确率分别为52.9％、81.8％和94.0％,声级计握持正确率分别为54.4％、80.0％和92.0％,传声器指向正确率分别为98.5％、98.2％和94.0％,噪声类型识别正确率分别为83.8％、92.7％和84.0％.其中,仪器设置、测量位置、声级计握持的正确率均呈逐年上升趋势(P＜0.01).参比机构3年噪声测量结果合格率为91.2％、94.5％和88.0％,等效声级计算合格率分别为73.5％、92.7％和88.0％,综合评定合格率分别为70.6％、89.1％和80.0％;其中,2017年等效声级计算和综合评定合格率均高于2014年(P＜0.017).民营机构与非民营机构3年综合评定总合格率比较,差异无统计学意义(84.0％ vs 75.5％,P＞0.05);非珠江三角洲机构和珠江三角洲机构3年综合评定总合格率比较,差异无统计学意义(70.3％ vs 81.6％,P＞0.05).结论 连续开展实验室间比对有利于提升职业卫生技术服务机构噪声现场测量能力.

目的 了解制鞋企业高周波作业电磁辐射职业接触水平.方法 采用典型抽样方法,选取使用27.12和40.68 MHz高周波机的制鞋企业各2家为研究对象,测量其高周波岗位电场强度均方根值(RMS).结果 27.12、40.68 MHz高周波岗位电场强度RMS的中位数(M)分别为54.94、122.45 V/m,超标率分别为97.4％和100.0％.高周波车间27.12、40.68 MHz其他作业岗位电场强度RMS的M分别为16.96和20.43 V/m,超标率分别为18.8％和88.9％.高周波作业人员接触的电场强度RMS从小到大依次为腹部位＜胸部位＜头部位(P＜0.01).8和12 kW功率高周波机电场强度RMS值比较,差异无统计学意义(M:58.56 vs 55.19 V/m,P＞0.05).在控制通电电流时,高周波岗位电场强度与通电时间呈正相关(相关系数=0.30,P＜0.05);在控制通电时间时,高周波岗位电场强度与通电电流不相关(P＞0.05).结论 制鞋企业高周波作业电场强度较高,且随高周波作业人员接触部位与电流振荡器距离的增大而减小.

目的 探讨接触工频磁场对汽车厂点焊工人健康的影响.方法 采用判断抽样方法,以某汽车制造厂焊接车间103名接触工频磁场的点焊工为接触组,以该厂总装车间95名无工频磁场接触的装配工为对照组,对2组工人工作场所工频磁场进行监测,并对其进行职业健康检查.结果 接触组工作岗位磁通密度均方根值中位数为386.0μT,超标率为41.9％;总装车间不存在工频磁场.2组人群心率均在正常范围内.2组人群血压偏高、心电图异常和总胆固醇、甘油三酯偏高的检出率分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).血常规指标中,接触组人群仅血小板压积异常检出率低于对照组(31.1％vs 51.6％,P<0.01).结论 工频磁场对点焊工人心血管系统和血细胞的影响有待进一步观察.

[Objective] To understand the configuration,calibration,and performance of power frequency electric field measuring instruments in Guangdong occupational hygiene technical service agencies by inter-laboratory comparison.[Methods] Forty power frequency electric field measuring instruments were selected from 40 occupational hygiene technical service agencies in Guangdong Province,and calibration certificates were examined.Using a transformer as standard source,measurements were conducted at 1.0m distance from the transformer at different time periods,and homogeneity was evaluated by one-way ANOVA.Spot measurements were then conducted at 1.5 m and 2.0m distance from the standard source by surveyors from each agency using respective measuring instrument,and the measurement results were analyzed by z-score.[Results] Homogeneity analysis results showed that there was no statistical difference in electric field intensity among three selected time periods [(209.52 ± 0.38),(209.96 ± 0.51),and (209.74 ± 0.60) V/m for afternoon of the first day,morning of the second day,and afternoon of the second day,respectively,P ＞ 0.05],indicating that the standard source was qualified for inter-laboratory comparison in terms of stability.One measuring instrument was unable to provide calibration certificate,calibration certificates of two instruments were expired,and one instrument's calibration result was not within tolerance range.The inter-laboratory z-score (zB) of 40 measuring instruments ranged from-1.16 to 13.41,while the intra-laboratory z-score (zW) ranged from-1.29 to 25.26.Both |zB| and |zW| of two instruments were above 3.00,and the |zB| of another instrument was above 3.00,indicating outliers;the |zB| or |zW| of four instruments were above 2.00,indicating problematic results.In light of those results,three instruments were unqualified.[Conclusion] It is feasible that a transformer could be applied as standard source in inter-laboratory comparison of power frequency electric field measuring instruments.There are still problems in the use of power frequency electric field measuring instruments in Guangdong occupational hygiene technical service agencies.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of the inter-laboratory comparison of microwave radiation measuring instruments which uses cellphone signal shielding device as standard source,and to establish inter-laboratory comparison method of microwave radiation.Methods The typical sampling method has been used by selecting twenty-one measuring instruments of microwave radiation from 21 occupational hygiene technical service organizations as study subjects.A cellphone signal shielding device was applied as standard source.Measurement points were measured by surveyors at a distance of 1.0 and 1.5 meter to the standard source,and the measurement results were analyzed by four robust technology and z-score evaluation method.Results Stability test showed that there was no statistical difference among the power density of standard source which were measurement at three diffluent time [(26.10 ±0.94) vs (25.78 ±0.27) vs (25.83 ± 0.47) μW/cm2,P ＞ 0.05].The standard source stability can also satisfy the requirement of inter-laboratory comparison.Among the 21 selected equipments,one of the 21 measuring instruments was not calibrated,one calibration certificate of the instruments was expired,and one calibration result of the instruments was unqualified.The z score of inter-laboratory (zB) of 21 measuring instruments ranged from-1.27 to 4.85,while z score of within-laboratory (zw) ranged from-1.42 to 2.18.One |zB | of the instruments was above 3.00,while |zw | was above 2.00.Comprehensive evaluation of the above results showed that only one instrument was unqualified.Conclusion It is feasible that a cellphone signal shielding device could be applied as standard source.The method developed in this study can be used to understand the performance of microwave radiation instruments.

通过制定评分标准、采用稳健z比分数及依据《工作场所物理因素测量第8部分:噪声》(GBZ/T189.8-2007)规定的公式,对模拟工作场所的非稳态噪声现场测量规范性、测量结果分析评定、等效声级计算评定三个环节相结合的实验室间比对,对68家职业卫生技术服务机构进行非稳态噪声现场测量能力的评估,非稳态噪声现场测量实验室比对合格率为64.7％ (44/68).提示部分职业卫生技术服务机构技术人员对噪声的定义、测量标准和评价标准未能较好地理解及执行,现场测量操作能力和对结果的评价能力及质量均有待提高,需加强相关培训.

Objective To evaluate the major influence factors affecting the quality and accuracy of measuring instruments for power frequency electromagnetic fields in occupational hygiene technical service organizations by developing inter-laboratory comparison in workplaces.Methods Six measuring instruments for power electromagnetic fields from 6 occupational hygiene technical service organizations in Guangdong Province were selected by typical sampling method.A high-voltage substation was selected as a standard source.We set measurement sites underneath it as inter-laboratory comparison spots for power frequency electromagnetic fields.The stability of the standard source was evaluated by paired-samples t-test and measure results were analyzed by z-score evaluation method based on quartile robust statistical technology.Results During and after the inter-laboratory comparison, the intensity of electric field and magnetic field of the standard source showed no significant difference [ ( 555.03 ±2.94 ) vs ( 555.68 ±3.20 ) V/m, ( 2.30 ±0.06 ) vs (2.29 ±0.07) μT, P>0.05], which met the demand of stability of inter-laboratory comparison.The data of electric field measured by 2 measuring instruments without remote-reading system were found to be high because of proximity effect from its handheld status.The z-score of inter-laboratory ( zB ) of other 4 measuring instruments with remote-reading system ranged from -0.52 to 1.10, while the z-score of within-laboratory (zW) ranged from -1.28 to 0.37, and both results of|zB|and |zW|were satisfactory ( <2.00).The zB of power frequency magnetic field measured by the 6 measuring instruments ranged from -0.67 to 1.26, while zW ranged from -0.59 to 0.90, and both |zB|and |zW|were also satisfactory (<2.00).Conclusion It is feasible that the inter-laboratory comparison of measuring instruments of power&nbsp;frequency electromagnetic fields could be implemented by a high-voltage substation as a standard source.The measuring instruments without remote-reading system could be used to measure the intensity of magnetic field but not the electric field.The measuring instruments with remote-reading system could be used to measure the intensity of either the electric field or the magnetic field, and the measurement results are satisfactory.

Objective To analyze the problems easily found in the progress of noise field measurement in occupational hygiene technical service organizations with an inter-laboratory comparison , and to make a quantitative evaluation on their noise measurement operational capacities .Methods Inter-laboratory comparison , a method for evaluating both regular noise field measurement operational capacity and measurement results in the simulated workplaces , was adopted to assess the noise field measurement operational capacity in 56 occupational hygiene technical service organizations in Guangdong province .The regular noise measurement was appraised by measurement schemes and evaluation criteria made in this paper and measure results were analyzed and evaluated by quartile steady technology and z-score method .Results In the comparison process of noise field measurement operational capacity , 16 of all the 56 organizations were qualified and met the technical specification while the rest 40 were unacceptable because of irregular operations during the measure procedure, the total proper operation rate was 28.6%(16/56).In the comparison process of noise field measurement results, among 223 reported results of all 56 organizations, 22 results from 19 organizations were relatively inferior or stray . According to the z-score, the measurement results of 8 organizations (14.3%) were found disqualified.In conclusion, the pass rate of 56 participated organizations was 85.7% (48/56) and the fail rate was 14.3% (8/56) accordingly. Conclusion The inter-laboratory comparison of noise field measurement operational capacity can objectively evaluate the capacity of noise measurement technical service of occupational hygiene technical service organizations , and can help to improve the quality of technical service .

Objective To study the clinical features of occupational medicamentosa-like dermatitis due to trichloroethylene (OMDT)complicated with hyperthyroidism.Methods Clinical data of 3 patients who suffered from OMDT complicated with hyperthyroidism were collected for retrospective analysis.Results All 3 patients had hypermetabolism syndromes such as fever,insomnia,dysphoria,palpitation and sweating,2-7 days after they stopped taking glucocorticoid.Double-sided thyroid enlargement in the neck were found in 2 cases by physical examination and color doppler ultrasound.There was no thyroid enlargement in the third case.One of the cases showed symptoms of exophthalmos.All 3 cases had increased levels of triiodothyronine and thyroxine increased and thyroid stimulating hormone reduced.The levels of thyroglobulin antibody,thyroid microsomal antibody and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody increased in one of the cases.The level of thyrotropin receptor autoantibody increased in another case.All 3 cases were diagnosed as OMDT complicated with hyperthyroidism.After taking anti-thyroid medications in time,the clinical symptoms of these 3 cases were improved. Conclusion OMDT complicated with hyperthyroidism is more likely to be mis-diagnosed as the early clinical manifestation is not typical.Taking anti-thyroid medications in time will improve prognosis.

Objective To survey the levels of power frequency magnetic field and to analyze the characteristics at the spot welding place in automobile manufacturing related factories. Methods All the spot welding operations were selected from an automobile manufacturing factory and an auto parts factory by cluster sampling method,and the root mean square( RMS) and MAX values of power frequency magnetic field were measured. The results were accessed based on International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection. The limit of RMS value was 1 000. 0 μT,and the limit of MAX value was 3 000. 0 μT. Results Magnetic flux density levels in 285 positions in the automobile manufacturing related factories were measured. The median of RMS and MAX values was 225. 0 and 776. 0 μT respectively. The over-limit ratio of RMS and MAX values in 95 posts was 20. 0% and 30. 5% respectively. The median of RMS and MAX values in the automobile manufacturing factory were higher than those in the auto parts factory( 386. 0 vs 128. 0 μT,1 540. 0 vs 487. 5 μT,P 0. 01). The over-limit ratios of RMS and MAX values in the automobile manufacturing factory were higher than those in the auto parts factory( 41. 9% vs 1. 9%,62. 8% vs 3. 8%,P 0. 01). The median of RMS values in head,chest and abdomen of the spot welders in automobile manufacturing related factories were 141. 0,239. 0 and 309. 0 μT respectively,and the median of MAX were 498. 0,776. 0 and 1 075. 0 μT respectively. The above mentioned two indicators can be sorted in a descending order as: abdomen,chest and head. There was a statistical association between the contact parts of spot welders and whether the RMS and MAX values were over the limits [The odds ratio was 1. 814 and 1. 849 respectively,and the95% confidence interval was( 1. 035-3. 181) and( 1. 161-2. 945) respectively,P 0. 05]. The closer to abdomen,the more possibly the RMS and MAX values were over the limits. Conclusion The hazard of power frequency magnetic field in spot welding is serious. The magnetic flux density levels decrease when the distance between the contact parts of spot welders and the electrodes increase. Effective measures should be taken to strengthen occupational health protection for spot welders.

Objective The exposure level of power frequency electromagnetic fields(PF-EMFs)among workers in the power plants were investigated.Methods 8 power plants with varied powering level,including 3 with 300 MW level,3 with 600 MW level and 2 with 1 000 MW level,were studied.The PF-EMFs values of the working environment were measured and individual magnetic field(MF) doses of the workers were surveyed,too.The results were evaluated with reference values announced by GBZ 2.2-2007 and international commission on non-ionizing radiation protection.Results Totally 510 worksites in these power plants we measured.The median value of electric field(EF)was 0.005 kV/m with the maximum value of 12.080 kV/m.The EF values at 1.18% worksites were over 10 kV/m and 5.29% worksites,which were all under the high voltage transmission line,over 5 kV/m.The median value of MF value was 7.39 μT with the maximum value of 318.00 μT.The MF values at 2.94% worksites were over 100 μT.The personal exposure level of PF-MF during a work shift ranged from 0.80 μT to 1.36 μT.Conclusion The workers in power plants were at risk with short-term exposure to high-level PF-EMFs.