以332对城市夫妻为研究对象,采用修订版金钱态度量表分别测量了丈夫和妻子的金钱态度,以检验夫妻金钱态度是否有差异及夫妻收入与金钱态度的关系.研究结果显示:(1)夫妻的金钱态度具有相似性也存在差异,丈夫比妻子更认同金钱的象征意义,妻子比丈夫更多表现出金钱焦虑和不信任,并表现出高于丈夫的金钱管理意识;(2)丈夫和妻子的收入对金钱态度的预测模式不同,当丈夫是家庭中的主要收入者时,其收入越高,其本人和配偶都更认同金钱象征成功,同时妻子的金钱焦虑也越高;当妻子收入与丈夫相当或高于丈夫时,妻子的高收入并不能让丈夫认同金钱的象征意义,却能预测丈夫的"不信任"得分,同时,妻子收入与自己的"权力—名望"得分呈倒U形曲线关系.

金钱态度是经济态度的核心内容,其形成主要受到家庭及父母观念的影响.以373个青少年家庭为研究对象,采用修订版金钱态度量表分别测量家庭中的父亲、母亲和青少年子女的金钱态度,以检验金钱态度在家庭内部是否表现出代内相似和代际传递.研究结果显示:(1)父亲和母亲在金钱态度的四个维度"权力—名望""保留时间""不信任"和"焦虑"上都存在显著正相关;(2)金钱"不信任"和金钱"焦虑"表现在代际传递,但是在金钱"不信任"的代际传递中父亲作用更大,而在金钱"焦虑"维度上只有母亲得分能够预测子女得分;(3)金钱"不信任"的代际传递模型因子女性别不同而表现出差异,父亲得分能够更好地预测儿子的得分,只有母亲的金钱不信任水平能够预测女儿的金钱不信任得分.

随着我国经济社会的发展,人们的社会心理也发生了变迁.本文通过综述25项有关自我与人格特征、人际关系、职业心理、生育意愿与生育行为、幸福感等社会心理变量的横断历史研究,总结了我国各类人群社会心理变迁的趋势:大学生社会心理指标变迁"喜忧参半",教师和医护人员等职业人群的职业倦怠感大幅增加,老年人的幸福感和能得到的社会支持大幅下降,中学生的自尊明显降低,居民的生育心理和行为出现了深刻变迁.这些社会心理指标的变化反映了社会变迁带给人们的心理影响,其中一些指标的消极变迁趋势应该引起政府和社会的重视.

以人民为中心的发展思想把人作为发展的目的和归宿,追求人的全面发展.心理健康是身心健康的重要内容,是人口素质的重要指标.本文通过综述43项有关心理健康变迁的横断历史研究,得出改革开放40多年来我国各类人群,包括军人、大学生、工人、教师、医护人员、中学生等心理健康水平变迁趋势,以期基于研究成果,为改善各类人群心理健康的政策体系提供参考.

社会心理服务体系建设要求用心理学理论和方法开展精细化社会治理,而在多元主体共商共治的过程中出现了群体决策质量无法得到有效评估的问题。群体决策"过程-结果模型"认为应该从"双过程"（信息加工过程和人际互动过程）和"双结果"（客观结果和主观感受）两个方面综合评估群体决策质量。基于该模型建构的群体决策质量问卷自评法和录像他评法被应用于大学生和社区居民一些真实问题解决的群体决策质量评估。研究结果显示群体决策质量自评问卷效度良好,适合作为群体决策质量的自评工具;录像他评法与问卷自评法结果相互印证能够全面地反映群体决策质量,可应用于更广阔的社会治理领域中。

The construction of social psychological service system is an important measure to innovate social governance in China, which aims to solve the problems of social mentality cultivation and psychological construction. However, whether the “meaning of oughtness” of this concept can be implemented in the construction practice all over the country remains to be discussed. This study collected the network text data of the actual work situation in 12 pilot areas of social psychological service system construction in China, and coded the data according to 6 primary indicators such as organizational structure and work mode and 23 secondary indicators under them to describe the “actual situation” of construction in various places. The text analysis results show that: (1) the content orientation of the construction of social psychological service system in each pilot area has a serious tendency of “mental health”; (2) on the whole, psychosocial services only focus on “risk prevention and control”; (3) the relationship between social psychological service and social governance is misplaced. In short, there is a big gap between the “actual situation” and “meaning of oughtness” of the construction of social psychological service system all over the country.

本研究采用建构主义教学评估问卷、认知压力问卷、一般元思维量表与情境元思维量表对381名学生进行测量,考察了建构主义教学与元思维之间的关系,以及一级、二级认知压力在其中的中介或解释作用.研究采用结构方程模型分析,结果显示:(1)仅考虑一级认知压力时,建构主义教学能正向预测两种元思维,一级认知压力在建构主义教学与两种元思维间皆起部分中介作用;(2)仅考虑二级认知压力时,其在建构主义教学与两种元思维间皆起完全中介作用;(3)同时加入两种认知压力时,仅二级认知压力的中介作用显著.

十九大报告提出要 "加强社会心理服务体系建设", 学界对 "社会心理服务" 有不同的理解.有人认为 " 社会心理服务" 就是 " 心理健康服务", 致力于社会成员, 尤其是可能危害社会安全的重点人群的心理疏导、 心理矫治和危机干预;也有人认为 "社会心理服务" 囊括了社会心理学中大部分研究内容, 如社会态度、 社会认知、 社会情绪、 社会影响、 社会行为等. 这样理解或许更为妥当: 社会心理服务本质上是 " 社会心理的服务", 主要针对社会心态培育、 社会心理疏导、社会预期管理、 社会治理的心理学策略的运用等,其核心目的是解决社会宏观层面的心理建设问题,尤其是要培育自尊自信、 理性平和、 积极向上的社会心态, 为中华民族伟大复兴而凝心聚力 ( 辛自强, 2018). 然而, 在社会心理服务体系的建设实践中却出现了 "心理健康服务" 倾向, 将工作的重点放在了解决个体的心理疾病、 促进个体心理健康上. 我们认为这种以心理健康教育为重点的服务工作仅仅是社会心理服务体系建设最初阶段的工作, 而不应作为体系建设的重点. 就我们所知, 目前这种 " 健康取向" 或 " 医疗倾向",普遍地存在于社会心理服务体系建设的平台搭建、人才培养、 工作模式、 效果评估等多个方面.

Human pursues rules, order and sense of control instinctively. Whether orderly circumstances could enhance one′s trust? The investigted relationship between order cues and trust whether based on a sample of 197 under-graduates the present study. The participants were assigned to three groups (group of strong-order-cue, group of weak-order-cue, and control group) randomly, and performed linking task and investment game. The results showed that: 1) The participants in the group of strong- order-cue more trusted strangers in the investment games than those in the group of weak-order-cue and control group; 2) There was an interaction between gender and order cues due to order cues only affected females′ trust, but not do for male.

文章利用中国综合社会调查2010年的数据分析了中国人的婚姻状态与幸福感的关系,并从社会文化、经济资源和家庭生命历程三个方面检验了西方相关理论的适用性.分析结果显示:(1)中国已婚群体的幸福感最高,未婚群体次之,分居、离婚群体幸福感较低,丧偶者幸福感最低;(2)数据支持社会文化对婚姻状态与幸福感关系的影响,也支持已婚人群的幸福感变化表现出与家庭生命历程吻合的变化趋势,但基本不支持资源理论、收入的互补性假设和家务劳动专门化提升幸福感的观点.

Are those lived in ordered environment more trustful? In the present research, effect of ordered pictures on trust was examined based on a sample of 294 female undergraduates. The participants were assigned to two groups in which were showed ordered pictures or orderless pictures randomly, and then finished the trust game and a trust sur-vey. The result showed that ordered cues from pictures affected trust level measured in the the trust game and in the social survey. The participants who were showed ordered pictures were more trustful than those were showed order-less pictures.

Research Findings: The present study involved using a questionnaire to investigate the mathematics teaching practices of 74 U.S. and 67 Chinese early childhood teachers. Quantitative and qualitative analyses yielded several key findings. First, U.S. teachers are less intentional in mathematics teaching than their Chinese counterparts. Specifically, 27% of the U.S. participants did not set any goals for mathematics, and 20% did not use a curriculum or any resources. In contrast, 3% of the Chinese participants fell into each of these categories. Second, early childhood mathematics content in the United States appears to be broader and less differentiated by age group than in China. Lastly, emerging curriculum (mathematics learning that emerges from children's play, activities, and routines) is the prevailing approach for 3- and 4-year-olds in the United States. In comparison, mathematics-specific teaching is the primary, but not sole, form of instruction in China. Practice or Policy: These findings have important implications for implementing the Common Core mathematics standards in the early years.

Studies on intergenerational transmission show that parents could transmit some of their characteristics, values and behaviors to their children.Some researchers concluded that the level of parent’ s trust correlated to that of their child, that is, there is intergenerational transmission of interpersonal trust.Studies from the United States of America, Canada and Germany have provided evidence.However, in China, there is no research examining inter-generational transmission of trust in families with adolescent children.Based on a sample of 198 parent-adolescent pairs, the present study aimed to examine whether parents’ trust could be transmitted to their offspring or not.The study collected participants’ responses to the bargaining game by a questionnaire to measure their levels of trust. The results showed that:1 ) 39.1% of adolescents, 47.2% of fathers and 43.0% of mothers chose to trust the stranger.2) The level of parent’s trust could predict their child’s trust.The possibility of adolescent whose mother was trustful in the bargaining game being trustful was 3.17 times the possibility of those whose mother was trustless. The possibility of adolescent whose father was trustful in the bargaining game being trustful was 2.52 times the pos-sibility of those whose father was trustless.3) the level of mother’ s trust correlated to that of father’ s trust positive-ly.Parents whose trust levels were similar could transmit their trust attitude to their offspring more easily.

婚姻状态与幸福感的关系一直受到多个学科研究者的关注和讨论:是幸福的人选择了结婚,还是婚姻会使人幸福,抑或是婚姻不影响人们的幸福感,是否幸福取决于人们生活在什么样的社会文化中.文章从婚姻承诺、社会文化、心理适应和社会选择等四个视角总结了不同学科对婚姻与幸福感关系的理论解释,并在分析实证研究结果的基础上指出每个视角所面临的挑战.

Research shows women’s preferences for masculine properties, such as body symmetry, healthy appearance, masculine faces, body scent and high creativity change cyclically. A woman’s probability of conception is associated with her preference for masculinity. Women prefer more masculine properties when they are fertile. The phenomenon is named Cyclical Shifts in Mating Preferences. Hypotheses of gene selection, hormone stimulation, and perception error induced by ovulation are used to explain this behavior. Future research could be more precise in design of experiments, and require proximate mechanisms.

Role Trust Scale was developed to measure individual's trust in some social role such as teacher, doctor, policemen. The present study examined the validity and reliability of the scale based on two samples consisting of 310 adults and 199 adolescents. Results showed that:(1) The validity and reliability of the Role Trust Scale met the psychometrical criteria and it could be applied to the future studies;(2)The role trust of male adult was significantly lower than that of female adult; while there was no gender difference in the sample of adolescent;(3) The role trust of adult was significantly lower than that of adolescent.

Based on the sample of 476 college students, the self-esteem, interpersonal trust and life sat- isfaction were measured by scales to explore the level of them and the relationship among them. The re- sults indicated that:(1) College students had lower interpersonal trust level, and the level of interpersonal trust of female was higher than that of male;(2) The students from urban were higher than the students from rural on the aspect of self-esteem;(3) Those came from urban had higher life satisfaction than those came from rural;(4) The self-esteem, interpersonal trust had significant positive correlation with life sat- isfaction;(5) The influence of the self-esteem on life satisfaction was mediated by the interpersonal trust.

Previous studies on intergenerational transmission found that parents could transmit some of their characteristics,values and behaviors to their children.Some researchers concluded the level of parent's trust correlated to that of their child,that is,there exists intergenerational transmission of interpersonal trust.Studies from the United States of America,Canada and Germany provided evidences.By now,no empirical research has been done in China to examine the intergenerational transmission of trust.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate how parents' trust predict their child's trust.Research in this aspect may shed light on the family origins of people's interpersonal trust.Some research about intergenerational transmission of trust found that father and mother played different roles in development of child's trust.Some studies showed that father's level of trust strongly impacted on that of son,but had little influenced on daughter;whereas trust level of mother affected both son and daughter slightly.A study from Canada indicated it was mother's level of trust,not father's that could predict trust level of their next generation.Recently,German researchers suggestted both father's and mother's trust impacted their offspring's trust.Althought it was not clear that who being more important for offspring 's development of trust,some investigations pointed out parental investment to their offspring influenced the intergenerational transmission of trust: Parents who invest more in the upbringing of their children are more similar to them with respect to trust attitudes;thus transmit their own attitudes more strongly.A study of evolutionay psychology found that father invested in son more than daughter,while mother's investment in son and daughter were same.So it can be concluded that the trust level of boy's father would predict offspring's trust level more strongly than that of girl's father;and both boy's and girl's mother influence her offspring's trust level indifferently.Based on a Chinese sample of 198 parents-adolescent pairs,the present study aimed to examine whether parents' trust could be transmitted to their offspring or not.The study collected pariticipants' responses to trust game by questionnare to measure their interpersonal trust.Each participant including adolescent and adult was asked to decide how much money would he or she like to send a stranger and guess how much would the stranger return to him or her after receiving pariticipant's money.The amount of money pariticipants sending and estimating to be returned was used to measure the level of trust.The results showed that(1) the rate of amount of money sending from adolescents and their fathers and mothers were 57.3%,56.7% and 54.8%,respectively;and fathers' trust levels were higher than mothers';and male adolescents were more trusting than female.(2) Gender of the offspring impacted on the strength of intergenerational transmission.Parents' trust could not predict their daughter's trust;whereas they did for sons.The transmission patterns of father and mother were different: relationship of father's and son's trust level fit a linear model but data of mother's and son's trust fit a negative quadratic model.The study has potentially important implications for understanding the mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of trust,and it is shed light on the basic question of where trust comes from.

Based on a sample of 60 fathers from families with preschoolers,the present study examined some characteristics of father-child communications such as frequency,chance,status and duration.It also tested the fathers' communication abilities,as well as quality and satisfaction of father-child communications.The results showed that: compared with mother-child communications,the status of father-child communications was lower,and fathers communicated less frequently and for a lower duration with their children;the influencing factors on quality of relationship-oriented communication and quality of problem-solving-oriented communication were different;quality of problem-solving-oriented communication could predict satisfaction of father-child communications.