运用熵权灰色关联法,以某亚硫酸糖厂2012/2013～2017/2018榨季生产数据为分析对象,从甘蔗质量、生产技术(压榨、澄清及结晶)及糖分损失等方面选取指标研究影响糖分回收率的因素.研究结果表明:除未测定损失外,糖分总回收率与选取的指标均表现出极强或较强的关联,其是甘蔗制糖生产诸多因素相互作用的结果;影响糖分回收率的因素主要是初压汁纯度、糖蜜纯度、渗透水量、糖蜜量、丙膏纯度,集中在甘蔗质量、压榨和结晶工艺3个方面,分析结果较符合客观实际.文章研究结论对于指导糖厂提高糖分回收率具有重要意义.

采用响应面法确定碱化蔗渣发酵工艺的最佳条件,为蔗渣饲料的生产提供科学可靠的工艺参数.通过分析发酵起始pH值、水分、糖蜜和尿素的添加量、菌种接种量等单因素对发酵后蔗渣的感观和pH值的影响,在单因素试验的基础上,以碱化蔗渣发酵后的pH值为响应值,通过响应面中心组合设计法优化碱化蔗渣的发酵工艺条件.实验结果表明,碱化蔗渣发酵的最佳工艺条件为:发酵起始pH 8～10,水分70％～80％,糖蜜添加量为2％,尿素添加量为0.75％,菌种接种量为0.1％.在该最佳发酵工艺条件下,发酵后的碱化蔗渣平均pH为3.9左右,品质良好.

广东省是制糖第3大省,近年产糖量有下降趋势,但能耗问题仍较为突出.本文对2013～2016年广东制糖行业的环保数据进行分析,结果表明吨糖耗标煤、吨糖耗电量、吨糖废水排放量、水重复利用率、吨糖COD产生量等关键节能减排指标上都有潜力可挖,通过原料、工艺技术和装备、综合利用等方面的技术创新,实现社会效益、环境保护与制糖工业发展的多赢.

In this paper, sugarcane by-products was used as the main raw material for deployment of adequate diet at different fattening stage of beef cattle based on the nutritional needs of different growth stages: sugarcane leaves and bagasse with alkali treatment for roughage; molasses and corn flour for the energy feed; peanut bran or soybean meal, rapeseed meal for protein feed; urea, calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone dust, bacteria and premixes for other additives, and then the mixture was fermented to adequate diet. Compared with the general diet, the nutrition of adequate diet was not only more scientific and reasonable, but also the meat ratio was higher, and the cost of per kilogram meat production could be reduced by 23.8%~34.3%.

The composition of ion exchange resin regenerated waste liquid was analyzed in refined sugar mill, and the membrane filtration technique was researched according to the characteristics. The results showed that the permeate reuse rate was more than 80% and the pigment could be extracted from concentrated solution through ion exchange resin regenerated waste liquid in refined sugar mill dealed with process of "chemical pretreatment-0.45 μm ceramic membrane ultrafiltration treatment- nanofiltration- concentrated solution- pigment extraction (cyclic utilization of permeate)", the effluent zero emissions was realized in refined sugar mill and the pigment could be extracted, which produced some economic and social benefits to the sugar mill.

[目的]考察蔗渣经揉搓处理和膨化处理制作肉牛粗饲料的可行性.[方法]选择20头夏南牛(公牛)作为试验牛,随机分为2组,(试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组)分别以揉搓蔗渣+甘蔗梢叶青贮料,膨化蔗渣+甘蔗梢叶青贮料作为粗饲料,并参照肉牛营养需要和饲养标准,搭配其它饲料调配成日粮,进行90天饲喂效果试验.[结果]试验Ⅰ组日增重0.56kg,肉料比0.044;试验Ⅱ组日增重1.08kg,肉料比0.057.试验Ⅰ组日增重和肉料比均比试验Ⅱ组低,差异显著(P＜0.05);另从抽检的肉牛血清生理生化指标看,两试验组肉牛肝、肾功能都没有出现异常,但试验Ⅰ组的肉牛在糖、蛋白以及脂肪的代谢有明显的降低.[结论]结果表明,蔗渣经揉搓处理没有提高其消化率,饲喂效果差,作肉牛粗饲料不可行;而蔗渣经膨化处理能提高其消化率和适口性,可直接作肉牛粗饲料,饲喂效果较好.

As an excellent nourishing yin results of precious Chinese medicine,Dendrobium officinale has broad application prospects.Dendrobii officinalis polysaccharides (DOP), which is the main component ofDendrobii officinalis, draws attention of large numbers of researchers. The authors summarized the literature on DOP home and abroad in recent decade, and systemically reviewed the research advances in its pharmacological effects and mechanism. Results showed that DOP had many pharmacological effects, such as antioxidation, hypoglycemic, prevention and treatment of diabetic complications, anti-tumor, enhancing immunity, and so on. The pharmacological effects may be based on the regulation of NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, MAPK pathway. This paper intended to provide reference for further research, reasonable exploitation and utilization ofDendrobii officinalis.

[目的]一是通过试验探究葡聚糖和淀粉含量与原糖糖浆过滤速度之间的关系,指导制糖过程葡聚糖酶/淀粉酶的添加量;二是通过降低原糖糖浆粘度提高过滤速度来评价葡聚糖酶/淀粉酶在制糖过程应用中的效果.[方法]利用葡聚糖单克隆抗体免疫比浊法测定原糖中葡聚糖的含量;利用淀粉和碘结合生成深蓝色至紫红色络合物的原理测算出原糖中淀粉含量.[结果]一是原糖中葡聚糖含量的高低会影响原糖糖浆过滤的速度;原糖中淀粉含量对过滤速度影响不明显;二是当原糖中葡聚糖含量一样,淀粉含量高,过滤速度慢,反之亦然.[结论]葡聚糖含量高会降低原糖糖浆过滤速度,葡聚糖含量和淀粉含量同时较高也会降低原糖液过滤速度.从原糖葡聚糖含量、淀粉含量与其糖液过滤速度的相关性说明在影响原糖液过滤速度的因素中,葡聚糖含量的高低比淀粉含量的高低重要,当然还存在其他一些因素有待探究.

Dextran in sugarcane production process is formed by Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Its levels can be associated with sugar-cane varieties, field condition( planting pattern, temperature, humidity, sunlight, soil, foreign material) , degree of injury ( refrac-tory cane,harvesting methods) , and its content can be rapid and accurate measured by Dextran Immunonephelometric Test Kit. The presence of dextran indicates that sucrose has been lost, so sugarcane dextran is a direct and reliable indicator to measure sugarcane fresh and quality.

Objective]A green processing was developed to produce non-sugar-based caramel with non-ammonia method.[Methods]The natural cane sugar was used as raw material,and caramelized in oil,which served as heat conducting carrier.The properties of products from caramelization reaction were studied under the conditions of thermal radiation.[Results]A cara-mel product without 4-methyl imidazole was obtained,and it was characterized by the pH at 5.53,Brix of 79.6°Bx,color ratio of 19 474 EBC,yellow index of 8.93,red index of 5.70 and half DPPH·radical inhibition rate of 0.6 mg/mL.[Conclusion]The caramel product obtained from this experiment does not contain 4-methyl imidazole and has certain activity of anti-oxida-tion.The processing provides a green machining method for safe production of caramel.

甘蔗渣是甘蔗制糖工业最大宗的副产品,具有量大、集中,价格低廉等特点,其营养成分适合作饲料.甘蔗渣的饲料化不仅可以节省饲料资源,降低养殖成本,还能解决人畜争粮的尴尬局面和减少环境污染,提高制糖工业的经济收益.本文主要从甘蔗渣的饲用价值、饲料化优缺点、预处理、以及甘蔗渣在畜牧生产中的应用现状等方面的内容进行综述,为甘蔗渣的饲料化提供理论参考.

[目的]考察不同添加剂对甘蔗梢叶青贮营养价值的影响,为甘蔗梢叶高饲料化利用提供参考依据.[方法]采用单因素实验法考察尿素、糖蜜、乳酸菌液的添加和三者混合添加对甘蔗梢叶青贮营养价值的影响.[结果]不同的添加剂均能改善甘蔗梢叶青贮的营养品质.当尿素添加量为0.5％(W/W)时最佳,粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量分别提高34.68％和61.27％,半纤维素和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)分别降低10.67％和6.23％,差异极显著(P＜0.01);当糖蜜添加量为15％(W/W)时最佳,粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量分别提高20.42％和36.42％,纤维素、NDF和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)分别降低54.04％,28.30％和45.72％,差异极显著(P＜0.01);单独添加乳酸菌对青贮影响不明显,差异不显著(P＞0.05);同时添加0.5％(W/W)尿素、15％(W/W)糖蜜和5％(W/W)乳酸菌液青贮效果最佳,粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量分别提高85.92％和69.36％,纤维素、NDF和ADF分别降低38.94％,17.92和33.44％,差异极显著(P＜0.01).[结论]在甘蔗梢叶青贮时,同时添加尿素、糖蜜和乳酸菌,能有效降低其粗纤维含量,提高消化利用率.

Alkalization is a major way of improving the digestibility of bagasse significantly. Single factor experiment were employed to study their influences on bagasse alkalization with factors of alkalization method, alkali removal method, bagasse moisture, concentration, time, temperature, etc. The results showed that soak and squeeze are better method of alkalization and alkali removal, respectively. Higher concentration within 10% of alkali is helpful in breaking the fibrous structure and producing degradation product. A good effect of alkalization is reached when bagasse moisture is between 40% to 70%, time is 40 min and temperature is 50℃.

In this paper, beef cattle feed was concocted by using sugarcane by-product (molasses, yeast liquid and powder) to substitute all or part of flour mix feed which is expensive and hard to purchase, cassava dregs to substitute beer sludge on the other hand; sugarcane by-products (sugar cane tip leaves, bagasse) was also used to prepare roughage beef cattle feed. The feasibility of the fine feed formulation was evaluated by beef cattle breeding experiment and the cattle feed intake, daily gain and feed efficiency as the evaluating index. The results showed that the concocted feed can achieve commensurate feeding effect with the original fine feed when liquid yeast powder substitute 50% corn flour of fine feed.

The pretreatment effects of three ionic liquids (ILs) (1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate ([Emim]Ac), 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl), and 1-allyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride ([Amim]Cl)) on the recalcitrance and enzymatic digestibility of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) were investigated and [Emim]Ac was found to have the highest efficiency for SOB pretreatment among the three ILs. The structures of regenerated SOB pretreated with [Emim]Ac were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystallinity index (Crl) of the SOB pretreated with [Emim]Ac at 140 degrees C for 0.5 h was significantly reduced from 41.65% to 18.74%, indicating the significant decrease of recalcitrance of the pretreated SOB. Additionally, a negative linear correlation was found between Crl and initial hydrolysis rate of the pretreated SOB. Enzymatic conversion of the pretreated SOB was enhanced from 4.85% to 64.99% The present work paves the way for biorefinery of lignocellulosic biomass.

利用甘蔗副产物(青贮或微贮后的甘蔗梢叶、经膨化处理的甘蔗渣)分别全部或部分替代价格高且收购难的玉米杆等原料调配肉牛粗饲料,同时添加肉牛日常精饲料进行肉牛饲养试验.根据饲养期间各实验组牛的采食量、日增重情况以及饲料效益核算等方面评价所调配日粮配方的可行性.通过实验探究,找到以甘蔗副产物为粗饲料原料的肉牛饲料,实现提高糖业经济效益,同时降低牛饲料成本的目的.

精炼糖厂离子交换树脂再生洗脱液中主要是一些没有被树脂利用的再生剂(氯化钠和氢氧化钠)及被洗脱出来的糖浆原来的有色物质.为探讨离交洗脱液色素清除自由基、抑制油脂的脂质过氧化反应等体外抗氧化活性,测定了离交洗脱液色素的总黄酮和总多酚含量,并采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH·)、[2,2'-连氨-(3-乙基苯并噻唑林-6-磺酸)二氨盐]自由基(ABTS+·)测定法,评价离交洗脱液色素的DPPH·自由基、ABTS+·自由基清除能力;以猪油为底物,以过氧化值(POV值)、酸价为指标,研究了离交洗脱液色素对油脂的抗氧化性能以及对猪油氧化的抑制作用,并与茶多酚和抗坏血酸(VC)进行比较.结果表明,离交洗脱液色素对DPPH·自由基、ABTS+·自由基有较好的清除效果;猪油中添加离交洗脱液色素后,对油脂也表现出较强的抗氧化作用,可明显地抑制猪油POV值和酸价的升高.

介绍了葡聚糖酶在某糖厂原糖精炼过程中使用情况,通过在溶糖箱和蜜洗蜜贮罐连续加入葡聚糖酶,比较加酶前后生产指标变化情况.结果表明,加入葡聚糖酶能有效降解糖汁中的葡聚糖,对过滤、煮糖等过程有帮助,可提高生产效率和产品质量.而葡聚糖酶的作用效果——原糖、中间物料和成品中的葡聚糖含量变化可通过葡聚糖单抗试剂盒快捷、准确测定.

In this article we used ascorbic acid and polyphenols as a positive control to measure total flavonoids and total polyphenol content of the cross eluent pigments. The 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl (DPPH·), 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS+·), ferric ion reducing / antioxidant capacity (FRAP) assay was used to evaluate DPPH· radical scavenging, ABTS+· radical scavenging ability, ferric ion reducing / antioxidant capacity of the cross wash deliquoring concentration of pigment in the 0.005~1 mg/mL range to investigate the correlation between total flavonoids, total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity.

This article mainly reviews the research progress of resource utilization of molasses alcohol wastewater at home and abroad. Meanwhile, according to the production status of our country, the utilization patterns of alcohol wastewater resource, which are suitable for situations in our country, was presented, and the reference for utilization patterns of alcohol wastewater in our country was provided.