To pinpoint genetic model of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) internode length and function mode of gene,and also to evaluate the genetic effect and heritability of major genes and minor genes,two culcmber parents with significantly different internode length,namely ‘SJ57-h’ (short internode,P1'hereinafter) and ‘SJ11-1’ (long internode,‘P2’ hereinafter),were used to generate F1、B1、B2 and F2 populations for joint analysis.Mixed major-gene plus polygenes inheritance model were used to genetic law of internode length in both spring and autumn seasons.The results showed that the best fitted genetic model for cucumber internode size in both autumn and spring was D-0 model which internode length was controlled by one pair of additive-dominant-major genes plus additive-dominant-epitasis polygenes.Moreover,progeny internode length was closer to long-internode parent P2,namely,the progenies has long-internode parent heterosis.In spring,the major gene heritability of B1,B2 and F2 populations were estimated to be 68.5％,36.2％ and 56.3％,respectively,while the heritability of polygene was 0.6％,17.1％ and 0.6％,respectively.The variance of environment accounted for an average of 40.2％ of the phenotypic variation among three generations.In autumn,heritability of the major gene among B1,B2 and F2 generations was estimated as 68.5％,40.5％,65.1％,while the heritability of polygene was 1.2％,40.6％ and 5.4％,respectively.Environment variance accounted for about 26.3％ of the phenotypic variation.These results indicated that cucumber internode length was mainly controlled by a pair of major genes while the internode length was also obviously affected by environment factors in the B2 generation.Selection efficiency of major genes was relatively high in early generation of F2 and B1,whereas for selection efficiency of polygene was higher in B2 generation.Therefore,the trait of cucumber internode length was suitable for selection in early generation.The finding in the study will lay a theoretical foundation for breeding new cucumber vareties with improved plant architecture.

In order to enrich molecular markers and position the bacterial wilt resistant gene loci in potato,an SSR-based genetic linkage map was constructed from a diploid population consisting of 123 individuals derived from a cross between two potato diploid clones ( C and E) which harborer resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum in this study. A total of 864 simple sequence repeat primer pairs were designed according to the potato genome sequence and used to screen parents C and E for polymorphisms. Of 187 polymorphic loci,72. 2％ showed clear amplifiable and scorable bands in the F1 population. Then a total of 135 locus were mapped to 12 linkage groups,of which the cumulative length was 948. 4 cM,with an average marker interval of 7. 03 cM,and 5 segregation distortion regions in three linkage groups. This study provided a set of new SSR markers for genetic map construction and increased satu-ration of map in potato. The relatively high density map may provide a useful reference for further identification, mapping of quantitative trait loci ( QTL) and cloning of potato bacterial wilt resistance genes and marker-assisted breeding.

白籽插接商品种苗的推广应用改变了山东设施黄瓜的栽培模式，将传统的越冬长季节栽培变为秋冬茬和早春茬连茬栽培，大大降低了长季节栽培过程中促控结合的管理难度，生产的黄瓜具有果皮油亮、品质优良、丰产抗逆、畅销度好、增效显著的优势。

Haiyang white cucumber is a landrace of Haiyang and its special local product. Haiyang white cucumber has been one of significant vegetable industries in Haiyang. In this paper, we summarized the present situation of research and industalization about Haiyang white cucumber and gave some measures for its development.

The plant SnRK2 genes play important roles in abiotic stress response,but the study on cu-cumber SnRK2 genes is lack of report.Two novel SnRK2 genes which were respectively homologous to Arabi-dopsis SnRK2.4 and SnRK2.10 were identified from cucumber through digging the genome data anew.Their structure,characteristics and cis -elements were systematically analyzed.This study layed a foundation for the further research of response to abiotic stress for cucumber.

济南、淄博、临沂、泰安、德州等地区是山东省中、南部地区主要蔬菜生产区，露地和保护地蔬菜播种面积分别为10.0万hm2（150.0万亩）和7.33万hm2（110.00万亩），占山东蔬菜总播种面积的13%左右。设施蔬菜年产量约800万t，占山东设施蔬菜总产量的20%。产品主要供应北京、天津、上海、江苏等地。因此，上述地区的蔬菜生产状况，对稳定山东蔬菜生产及市场供应至关重要。

Plant SnRK2 genes play important roles in environmental stress response,ABA signal transduction,plant growth and development. However,there is no investigation reported about cucumber( cucumis satovus L.) SnRK2s in whole genome level. In this text,9 SnRK2 genes in cucumber genome were identified through bioinformatic method. Their genome distribution,exon-intron structure,phylogeny,and cis-elements were systematically analyzed. The results showed that,cucumber SnRK2 genes are unevenly distributed in genome; their exon number mostly is nine,and their putative coding sequences range from 909bp to 1140bp; they are divided into 3 groups according to phylogeny analysis; and their putative encoding proteins all have typical kinase structure. What's more,there are multiple cis-elements responsive to different environmental stresses and hormones existed in upstream sequences of each of SnRK2 genes in cucumber,which suggests they may have some roles in stress response and hormone signaling. This study laid a foundation for further functional dissection of cucumber SnRK2 genes in stress and hormone response.

以山东济南不同种植年限黄瓜温室为研究对象,分析测定温室内黄瓜苗期表层土壤养分分布状况、分级状况及与年限之间的相互关系.结果表明,黄瓜温室苗期主壤养分高度富集,碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾平均含量分别为176.8、197.3、745.4mg·kg-1,三者比例为1∶1.12∶4.22,磷、钾比例失调,养分的均衡性差.土壤有机质含量为31.4 g·kg-1,电导率平均值为1.068ms·cm-1,处于土壤盐分的超高水平.pH的平均值为7.56,星弱碱性.从养分的分级结果来看,碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质的含量主要分布在≥150 mg·kg-1、≥150mg·kg-1、≥300 mg·kg-1、20～40 g·kg-1的级别中,电导率、pH的大小主要分布在≥1.0ms·cm-1、≥7.5的级别中.除有机质外,其他土壤养分都达到最高级.种植年限与苗期土壤养分间无显著的相关性,苗期土壤养分的增量与种植年限呈显著相关,均可以用2次方程表示.随着种植年年限的增加,苗期土壤养分增量水平呈下降状态.

对我国新育成的不同生态类型的138个设施黄瓜品种的19个果实外观性状进行了调查分析,研究其遗传多样性.结果表明,参试品种质量性状的遗传多样性指数都小于数量性状,不同生态类型黄瓜品种果实外观性状的遗传多样性指数为华北型(1.33)＞华南型(1.25)＞欧洲温室型(1.0).质量性状的遗传多样性指数为华南型(0.91)＞华北型(0.65)＞欧洲温室型(0.48);数量性状的遗传多样性指数为华北型(1.94)＞华南型(1.56)＞欧洲温室型(1.47).华南型品种果实数量性状的变异系数均高于华北型和欧洲温室型品种.主坐标轴分析(PCO)将所有种质划分为3个区组,即1区为华北型种质优势区、2区为华北型华南型和欧洲温室型种质混合分布区、3区为华南型种质区.PCO结果表明,1区和2区发生了基因渗透.对交流区域中华北型品种自交分离,后代中出现的稀刺瘤和光皮种质的情况进一步验证了基因渗透的结果.参照育成品种的果实性状信息对黄瓜以后的育种工作提出了建议.

143 newly-bred greenhouse cucumber cultivars belonging to different ecotypes were treated with 100mmol / L Mg( NO3)2for 4 days at germination stage. And eight indices including germination potential,germination index,relative injury rate,germination frequency,relative germination frequency,radicle length after salt treatment for 2 and 4 days,and radicle elongation speed of the latter 2 days were investigated. Using the membership function value of these indices to cluster these new-bred greenhouse cucumber cultivars,and primarily select salttolerance germplasms through growing them under salt-free conditions after salt treatment for 4 days. The results showed that salt-tolerance of the cucumber at germination stage were affected by multiple factors. The variation coefficient of eight indices were ranged form 10. 0% to 81. 0%. Except variation coefficient of germination frequency and relative germination frequency was less,other indices variation coefficient was as large as 32. 0%-81. 0%. The variation coefficient of these indices was distinct among different ecotype germplasms. The variation coefficient of relative injury rate was the largest of North-China Ecotype and European Greenhouse Ecotype,however in SouthChina Ecotype and European-Processing Ecotype germplasms,the variation coefficient of radicle elongation speed ofthe latter 2 days was the largest. From overall view of germplasm salt tolerance,European Greenhouse Ecotype and Processing Ecotype was better than South-China Ecotype,and then South-China Ecotype was better than North-China Ecotype. All the germplasms were divided into three groups according to the cluster results of subordinate function value including better,moderate,and less salt-tolerance. There were 54 high salt-tolerance cultivars,accounting for 37. 8%. By emergence selection of these high salt-tolerance germplasms after salt treatment,12 cultivars were chosen as better restore-growth germplasm. They were successively arranged as J31-1 Lvjingling DRT5 YT24 Dongnong2 Shanghainongke 4 Dongling 102 IVF8 Jinyou35 HGS-2 Yangda13 J30-1 according to their ability to restore growth.

随着设施蔬菜栽培的发展,嫁接技术作为设施栽培的主要配套技术,在黄瓜、西瓜、甜瓜、茄子等作物上广泛应用.近年来工厂集约化育苗的兴起,使嫁接技术从方法、效率和嫁接苗成活率等方面有了很大的提高.由蒙特利尔多边基金资助,农业部、环境保护部、联合国工业发展组织共同实施的农业行业甲基溴淘汰项目的内容之一就是利用嫁接技术替代化学药物,克服重茬障碍或减轻土传病害发生.项目首先是开展调研,收集关于黄瓜、西瓜、茄子、番茄、甜瓜嫁接种苗的现状与问题,综合比较嫁接种苗与传统种苗的差异,然后在此基础上提出符合我国实际情况的,针对黄瓜、番茄、茄子、西瓜、甜瓜作物的可行的嫁接技术改进方案.

1 我国茄子嫁接种苗产业现状 我国茄子日光温室生产从2005年开始推广使用嫁接苗,由于设施栽培生产效益较高,栽培上轮作倒茬困难,土传黄萎病、根腐病等发生严重,因此茄子嫁接种苗在设施栽培中推广很快,全国设施茄子嫁接苗的普及率超过80％,山东普及率在90％以上,山东寿光已经全部使用茄子嫁接苗.露地和简易保护地茄子生产中嫁接苗则使用较少. 据2011年10月蔬菜嫁接国际会议交流资料统计,我国茄子嫁接苗使用量(嫁接面积)约105 150hm2,占总栽培面积的10％,表明茄子嫁接苗的推广应用还有较大的上升空间.

The salinization situation of greenhouse soil cultivated with cucumber in different years was studied in Shandong Province.The results showed that the total salt content in greenhouse soil was 2.612 g/kg,which were 2.67 and 3.35 times of that in the open vegetable soil and field soil respectively.The most of salt ions were Mg2+,Ca2+,SO2-4 and NO-3,and the larger content of Mg2+,Ca2+ and NO-3 might be the main reasons for soil salinization and affecting cucumber growth.Based on the results,the experiment was carried out to study the effects of 5 different concentrations of K2SO4,MgSO4,Mg(NO3)2,Ca(NO3)2,CaCl2 and MgCl2 on the germination of cucumber seeds.The results showed that Mg(NO3)2 had the most significant effects on the germination of cucumber seeds followed by Ca(NO3)2,and MgSO4 had the least effect.With the increase of salt concentration,the germination energy,germination rate,relative germination rate and germination index decreased,while the relative injury rate of cucumber increased;all these indicators reached significant levels at the concentration of 100 mmol/L.

1 我国西瓜嫁接种苗产业现状 我国是西瓜生产和消费大国,西瓜栽培面积和产量位居世界第一.据世界粮农组织(FAO)统计,2009年我国西瓜种植面积221万hm2,总产量6 820万t,分别占世界的58％和68％.我国西瓜主要集中在华东、中南两大地区,西瓜产量占全国75％.其余分布在西北地区,产量占10.2％;华北地区,产量占9.9％;以及东北地区,包括黑龙江、辽宁和吉林省,产量占5.4％.据2010年统计,河南省西瓜产量一直保持占全国总产量的20％,为西瓜生产第一大省;山东省西瓜产量约占全国产量的16％,为西瓜产量第二大省;安徽省西瓜产量约占全国总产量的7％,为西瓜产量第三大省.这三个西瓜主产省西瓜产量占全国43％以上.

Effects of different levels of microbial manure on growth and physiological characteristics of cucumber seedlings were studied,and we discussed the mechanism of the microbial manure.The results showed that the growth of cucumber seedlings was significantly enhanced under microbial manure.Comparing with CK,the growth of plant height,stem diameter and leaf area was significantly increased,and significantly increased Gs,Ci and net photosynthetic rate,which suggested microbial manure was good for the accumulation of dry matter.The effect of T1 was the most obvious.However,no difference was detected between T2 and T3.The result indicated that finite concentration of microbial manure could enhance the plant growth.

The residues of chlorothalonil,carbendazim,mancozeb and imidacloprid in cucumber from South China and North China cultivars were analyzed at 2-day intervals 1 day after administration under various conditions.The results showed that pesticide residues decreased with prolonged time interval between administration and harvesting.Pesticide residues in South China cultivar was significantly lower than those in North China cultivar.When cucumber was protected against diseases by leaf spray,pesticide residues in cucumber fruits did not generally exceed the national maximum limits.

With the tomato cultivar 'Chaoqunfenguan' as test material,the effects of different greenhouse films,including the inner-added-type EVA,PE and PVC films,and the coated-type EVA and PVC films,on the light transmittance,transmission of ultraviolet ray,heat conservation of greenhouse and growth,fruit quality and yield of tomato were studied in this paper.The coated-type anti-fogging EVA film had the highest UV transmission and light transmittance,and the best heat preservation;it also played obvious roles in promoting the tomato growth and increasing the fruit quality and yield.

The resistance of 24 cucumber germplasms to powdery mildew,downy mildew,target leaf spot and fusarium wilt was identified by the method inoculating single pathogen every time.The results showed that 3 germplasms were highly resistant to and 10 were resistant to powdery mildew;2 germplasms were highly resistant to and 8 were resistant to downy mildew;one germplasm was highly resistant to and 12 were resistant to target leaf spot.For fusarium wilt,only 8 germplasms had moderate resistance to it.In our test,the germplasms H,U,B,E,L and P had more than moderate resistance to the four pathogens,and V was highly resistant to the other 3 pathogens except fusarium wilt;H was highly resistant to downy mildew;R and J were highly resistant to powdery mildew.

An inbred line 137-h was used to investigate the physiological changes during seed maturation of cucumber. During cucumber seed development germination rate,germination vigor and thousand seed weight increased first and then decreased,and reached a peak at 32-35 days after pollination. Seed protein content,SOD activity and POD content levels increased first and then decreased. However,flesh protein content,SOD activity and POD content levels went through and pattern of decrease-increased-decreased. The peaks of seed protein content,SOD activity and POD content appeared later than the flesh. The activity of α-amylase in seeds continued to decrease during seed development. The dehydrogenase content increased first and then decreased. Soluble sugar content was negatively correlated with starch content,and soluble sugar converted into starch at late stage of seed development.