为指导黑龙江省春小麦育种方向,对2008-2022年黑龙江省审定的109个小麦品种的育种特点、演变情况、产量性状、品质性状和抗病性进行了分析.结果表明,品种审定数量逐年上升,科研育种机构已成为小麦育种的主导力量.品种选育仍以杂交为主,从产量性状来看,产量和千粒重呈逐年下降趋势,产量幅度变化较大,千粒重幅度变化较小.产量与生育期、株高呈正相关,与千粒重呈负相关.从品质指标看,稳定时间与蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和容重均呈正相关,蛋白质含量与湿面筋含量达到极显著关系.国审小麦品种兼顾产量、品质和病害的综合性状,而省审小麦对抗病性要求较严格,赤霉病和根腐病需达到中感以上水平.现有黑龙江省审小麦品种抗病性表现较差,今后应加强对小麦赤霉病和根腐病等综合抗性品种的选育.

龙辐麦194是黑龙江省农业科学院作物资源研究所小麦辐射与生物技术团队利用核辐射诱变垦红17/龙辐06K508杂交组合F1种子,后代通过系谱法选育而成的小麦新品种.2022年6月通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定推广,审定编号:黑审麦20220004.该品种具有中筋、高产、抗病和广适应性等特点,适宜在黑龙江省春麦区推广种植.详细介绍了龙辐麦194的特征特性、产量表现和栽培技术要点,为其推广应用提供了技术支撑.

农业社会化生产是生产能力达到一定程度的必然趋势,是提高农业生产效率,增强农业竞争力的必然选择.通过分析土地流转、土地入股、土地托管三种典型社会化生产组织形式的特点,及其推广的优势和弊端,为进一步做好农业社会化生产方式提出了相关建议.

国家2016年农作物品种审定制度改革以来,国家和各省市区4大作物品种审定(认定)数量剧增. 一、国审4大作物品种数量急剧增加 国审品种由2016年的147个,猛增至2020年的1561个,数量增加了9.61倍,国审品种数量年均增长率达80.5％.并且玉米、水稻、小麦、大豆4大作物国审品种数量都在逐年增加.但是,增加的幅度不同,玉米最大、水稻次之,小麦、大豆增加相对较少.国审玉米品种数量由2016年的34个猛增至2020年的845个,数量增加了23.85倍,年均国审玉米品种增长率达132.3％;水稻国审品种数量由2016年的66个猛增至2020年的574个,数量增加了7.00倍,年均增长率71.7％.小麦国审品种数量由2016年的34个增加到2020年的106个,数量增加了2.12倍,年均增长率32.9％;大豆国审品种由2016年的13个增加到2020年的48个,数量增加了2.69倍,年均增长率38.6％.说明品种审定制度的改革有力地促进了4大作物国审品种数量的增加.

一、黑龙江省农产品进出口额情况 二、黑龙江省货物进出口额变化情况 (一)黑龙江省近10年进出口额变化 黑龙江省货物进出口额"十三五"时期年平均值1506.2亿元,明显低于"十二五"时期的2196.1亿元,仅为"十二五"时期年均值的68.59％.说明"十三五"时期进出口对黑龙江省经济增长的拉动作用显著变弱.

科技推广与服务是农业科研单位的重要职责,也是科技特派员的重要使命.每年春节过后,黑龙江省科技特派员都会迅速深入一线指导农业生产,为农民朋友送去最新的生产技术和信息.今年受新型冠状病毒引发的肺炎疫情影响,现场手把手、面对面的科技服务形式受到了限制,如何在特殊情况下把农业科技送到千家万户、应用到生产实践中去,成为黑龙江省广大科技特派员最为关心和着急的事情.为此,黑龙江省科技厅及时与省直相关单位、科研单位和专家沟通,确定疫情期间全省科技特派员要全力支撑农业发展,做到农村疫情防控和农业科技服务两手抓、两不误,努力实现农业增产增效农民增收致富、打赢脱贫攻坚战和决胜全面建成小康社会的目标.

规范了大庆地区东方百合鲜切花生产的环境条件、品种选择、种球处理、栽培管理、采收分级、包装运输等技术要求.适用于大庆地区棚室东方百合鲜切花的安全生产,其他适宜地区可以借鉴.

"三区"人才计划宗旨是培养乡土人才、推动农村科技创业人才队伍建设,是实现供给侧改革,带动农民增收的重要举措.通过黑龙江省农业科学院四年来"三区"工作的探索与实践,总结了以开展试验示范、现场指导、信息助农、合作共赢及科技培训为内容的"五位一体"开展"三区"工作的有效途径,提出了进一步开展好"三区"工作的建议.

《棚室康乃馨(香石竹)鲜切生产技术规程》(DB2306/T071-2016)规范了大庆地区康乃馨鲜切花生产的环境条件、品种选择、栽培管理、病虫害防治、采收分级、包装运输等技术要求.适用于大庆地区棚室康乃馨鲜切花的安全生产,其它适宜地区可以借鉴.

为了创制优良的牧草育种材料,采用空间环境(卫星搭载)和60Co-y射线(辐照)处理两种方法诱变处理籽粒苋干种子,研究了M1代与对照(CK)主要农艺性状和化学品质指标的诱变效应,并进行了比较分析.结果表明:空间环境处理后籽粒苋种子发芽势和发芽率显著高于对照(P＜0.05),而60Co-γ射线处理后显著或极显著低于对照(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).空间环境和60Co-γ射线处理后籽粒苋株高均极显著低于对照(P＜0.01),产量与对照差异不显著(P＞0.05),粗纤维含量和粗脂肪含量显著或极显著低于对照(P ＜0.05或P＜0.01),粗蛋白含量均显著高于对照(P＜0.05).相关性分析中,发芽势与粗纤维、粗蛋白之间存在显著相关(P＜0.05),株高与粗纤维、粗脂肪之间存在极显著相关(P＜0.01),粗纤维、粗脂肪与粗蛋白之间存在极显著相关(P＜0.01).主成分分析中,籽粒苋M1代植株的变异主要通过发芽因子、品质因子两种主成分体系出现,累积贡献率达到95.95％;在田间选择时可重点关注60Co-γ射线30 Gy处理.

以籽粒苋种子为试材,采用搭栽第18颗返回式卫星和60 Co-y射线2种方法诱变处理籽粒苋种子,研究了种子根尖细胞学效应.结果表明:太空诱变对籽粒苋的根尖细胞有丝分裂活动无明显影响,γ射线辐照抑制了籽粒苋根尖细胞的有丝分裂,根尖细胞有丝分裂指数并随着γ射线剂量的增加逐渐降低.经卫星搭栽和γ射线辐照后,籽粒苋种子根尖细胞均出现了包括微核、桥、落后染色体、游离染色体、粘连染色体等染色体畸变类型,单微核是主要畸变类型.第18颗返回式卫星搭载的辐射剂量相当于60 Co-γ射线辐照20～30 Gy.

随着人们对牛奶、牛肉和羊肉等需求的增加,我国畜牧业正在由食粮型向食草型转变.黑龙江省是我国重要的畜产品基地,对优质饲草的需求持续增加.笔者通过对黑龙江省饲草生产现状、存在的问题进行分析,并提出发展对策和进行前景展望.

In order to solve the problems existing in the development of hybrid rice in Heilongjiang province ,and accelerate the process of research and extension ,research history and present situation of hybrid rice in Hei-longjiang province were reviewed ,advantages of hybrid rice developing in cold region was analyzed .In addition , the factors restricting the development of hybrid rice were listed at present stage ,and countermeasures for pro-moting were put forward ,so as to achieve leapfrog development for hybrid rice in Heilongjiang ,result huge so-cial and economic benefits .

近年来，黑龙江省农科院紧紧围绕助推我省农业实现现代化这一目标，以农业科技合作共建为手段，加快农业成果转化，坚持“论文写在大地上、成果留在农民家”的创新理念，破解了农业科技与经济发展的脱节难题，探索了“强农、惠农、富农”的发展路径，取得论文与成果双丰收，为全省粮食生产十连增、农民增收十连快提供了强大的科技支撑，使全省的科技贡献率逐年提高，为保障国家粮食安全做出了重大贡献。首创的“农业科技院县共建”模式被农业部作为十大农技推广新模式之一在全国推广，并连续2年写入中央1号文件。目前我院已经开展了四批院县共建工作，直接在全省39县开展共建工作，并辐射带动全省农业实现结构优化、效益提升。

The extension of food crop varieties is an important mean to abundanting seed market to improve agri-cultural products quality and promot the development of agricultural modernization .Based on the analysis of planting situation of five major food crops in Heilongjiang province ,combined with the practice and ssuccessful experience of the five major food crops bred by Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences ,the relevant en-lightenment of crop varieties extension work were explored in depth ,in order to provide the important reference and theoretical support for the smooth promotion of crop varieties for Heilongjiang province .

Taking the extension work of scientific research unit as research foundation,the successful popularization practice and method of scientific research units were investigated and analyzed,the position and function on technology extensive system for scientific research unit were made clearly.A new successful experiences and new modes were concluded.In order to provide decision references for the scientific research units under building the agricultural technology extension system,it put forward that perfecting system and building system were the important link and essential insurance for extension work.

Rice lodging is a serious problem in Heilongjiang province,the main cause of rice lodging is that unadaptable comprehensive cultivation technique lead to the anti-lodge ability descent.There are three lodging types in Heilongjiang province,they are stem fold down,stem bend down and shallow roots down.We should take pertinence defensive countermeasure according to the three types.Choosing lodging resistance variety,improving soil preparation quality,controlling spike number,controlling growth vigor and preventing premature senility were the comprehensive defensive countermeasures.And the problems that need to be further discussion were put forward.

As the typical commercial food production,rice plays a significant role on food security.During rapid development of rice area in Heilongjiang,it will be necessary to take measures on the stable development of rice-growing area,so it come forward some advice which are ensure the field water in spring,ensure the famer can achieve the stable and higher economic benefits,be sure to avoid the question of rice sales problems.

Based on the boundary of the county,all the agricultural reclamation farms were divided into the respective local cities,the rice production regionalization were conducted according to plant area and plant proportion of grain crops.It consists of seven regions in Heilongjiang province,the current status of rice production and restrict element of development of each region were studied.Meanwhile,the problems need to be paid attention to in each rice production region were pointed out according to the characteristics of water resources and heat resources.

The soluble sugar content and relative electric conductivity were analyzed after 36 h under 6℃ and 15℃ low temperature treatments on rice seedlings in phytotran.The result showed that soluble sugar content could be decreased and relative electric conductivity was increased under low temperature especially heavy low temperature condition.In another hand,great difference was found among varieties.