The bioengineering of photorespiration has emerged as a key target for improving photosynthesis and crop yield. In our previous study, two photorespiratory bypasses, GOC and GCGT, were successfully established in rice, and the transgenic plants exhibited increased photosynthesis and yield. However, reduced seed-setting rates were observed in both GOC and GCGT rice. To overcome this bottleneck, we introduced the GOC bypass into potato, as potato is vegetatively reproduced without the need for pollination, unlike rice. After the GOC bypass was successfully established in potato, transgenic plants were tested in field experiments at different locations in China with contrasting climates. Consequently, the yield per plant increased by 21.3%-69.2% for GOC potatoes under normal growth conditions and enhanced by 12.9%-29.9% under adverse environments. GOC potatoes acquired a more stable yield increase than GOC rice. Moreover, the advantages under high light, as noticed earlier for GOC rice, were further verified in this study through various field experiments because the yield increase was obviously higher in GOC potatoes grown in the northern area with high solar radiation than in those grown in the south with relatively lower solar radiation. Mechanistic analyses indicated that photosynthesis increased while photorespiration was suppressed, and much fewer photosynthates accumulated in GOC potatoes. These results demonstrate that the GOC bypass increases yield per plant more stably in potato than in rice, as well as show promising prospects for practical application in improving crop yields, particularly under high-light conditions.

Low temperature is a major environmental factor that limits the growth, yield, and geographical distribution of Cavendish and Dajiao bananas ( Musa spp.). Dajiao bananas exhibit a significantly higher cold tolerance than the Cavendish cultivar. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in cold tolerance regulation in Dajiao plants have not been determined. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the differences in cold tolerance at the cellular level between the cold-sensitive Cavendish and cold-tolerant Dajiao banana types through comparative metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses in calli exposed to cold treatment under dark conditions. A higher accumulation of lipids was observed in Dajiao calli cells compared to Cavendish cells under cold stress. After cold treatment, 4,626 and 5,516 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in Cavendish and Dajiao banana cells, respectively. By integrating the transcriptomic and metabolomic datasets, we discovered that the linoleic acid and α-linoleic acid metabolism and the Abscisic acid (ABA)-independent Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade-Inducer of CBF expression 1 (ICE1) signal transduction pathway (including Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 [ MEKK1 ], MAPK5 , ICE1 , and Cold-regulated 47 [ COR47 ]) played crucial roles in the cold tolerance of Dajiao bananas. Our study provides new insights into cold response regulation and novel cold tolerance mechanisms, providing valuable leads and targets for the genetic improvement of cold tolerance in bananas.

BACKGROUND:Wild edible plants hold a significant position in the lives of local residents, serving as a primary food source or supplement. Laifeng County, located in the hinterland of the central mountainous area of China, boasts abundant wild edible plant resources. The Tujia people, residing here for generations, have accumulated a wealth of traditional knowledge in the long-term practice of utilizing wild edible plants. The aim of this study is to document and organize the traditional utilization of wild edible plants by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng. METHODS:An ethnobotanical investigation, comprising semi-structured interviews, key informant interviews, and participatory observations, was conducted in 26 traditional villages in Laifeng County from May 2023 to June 2024. A total of 252 informants were interviewed, from whom information about wild edible plants, including edible parts, food categories, consumption modes, and multiple uses was collected. The relative frequency of citation (RFC) and the cultural food significance index (CFSI) were calculated to identify the cultural importance of wild edible plants. RESULTS:A total of 163 species of wild edible plants consumed by the Tujia people in Laifeng, belonging to 64 families and 118 genera and related traditional knowledge were collected, including vegetables (78), fruits (52), wine-soaking plants (12), spices (11), food substitutes (9), tea substitutes (6), nuts (5), coagulants (2), and oil (1). The most frequently used families were Rosaceae, Asteraceae, and Poaceae, with 23, 10, and 10 species, respectively. The most commonly utilized plant parts were fruits, leaves, and stems. RFC and CFSI analyses identified 14 species of wild edible plants with high cultural importance in the local diet, such as Allium macrostemon, Houttuynia cordata, and Hovenia acerba. CONCLUSIONS:The Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng demonstrates extensive knowledge in their traditional usage of wild edible plants, offering unique and robust insights into the harvesting, processing, and consumption of these resources. Over time, this practice has become an integral part of the local food culture. These findings contribute to the preservation of the Tujia culture of wild edible plants in Laifeng and the conservation and development of wild edible plant resources.

BackgroundA homegarden is a conventional small-scale agricultural ecosystem dominated predominantly by humans. Homegarden plants, which are plants with specific functionalities that are either cultivated or consciously preserved within the homegarden, are the most critical elements of the homegarden and are capable of providing a multitude of products and services. Recognized as one of China's biodiversity hotspots, the Wuling mountain area has long been inhabited by multiple ethnic groups, each of which has accumulated a wealth of traditional knowledge. This study focuses on the Tujia ethnic communities in Laifeng County, situated in the hinterland of the Wuling mountain area, with the primary objective of collecting, documenting, and organizing local homegarden plants, their functions, and the associated traditional knowledge, and exploring the factors influencing their composition and diversity.MethodsFrom May 2023 to August 2024, field surveys were conducted in Laifeng County, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province, China. Semi-structured interviews and participatory observation were used to gather information on homegarden plants with informed consent. To analyze and evaluate homegarden plants, we employed the relative frequency of citation (RFC) and Jaccard index (J) for quantitative analysis. Additionally, the factors influencing the composition of homegarden plants were investigated using redundancy analysis (RDA).ResultsThis study documented a total of 414 species of homegarden plants from 114 families. These plants are primarily sourced from market purchases (158), spontaneous species (107), wild introductions (103), neighborhood sharing (59), and self-preservation (36). Homegarden plants serve multiple functions, including ornamental (201), medicinal (189), edible (165), traded (95), timber (34), forage (28), and other functions (11). There are 24 homegarden plants with an RFC greater than 0.5, indicating their high importance, including Allium fistulosum, Raphanus sativus, and Brassica rapa var. chinensis. The Jaccard index results suggest the highest degree of similarity between the homegarden plants in Geleche Town and Dahe Town. The RDA results established that knowledge of herbal medicine and homegarden area are two significant factors impacting the composition and diversity of homegarden plants, with the average age of the household resident population also exerting an influence.ConclusionsThis study reveals the composition, source diversity, and functional diversity of homegarden plants within the Laifeng Tujia ethnic community, along with the influencing factors. These homegarden plants play an integral role in sustaining the balance of the homegarden ecosystem and supporting the daily lives of local residents. The management of homegarden plants by the Laifeng Tujia ethnic community carries traditional agricultural knowledge and wisdom. Emphasis should be placed on bolstering the understanding, protection, and transmission of traditional knowledge and culture related to homegardens, which play a vital role in safeguarding local agricultural biodiversity and fostering sustainable development.

校园展会是一种小规模的与教学实践相关的展示活动.通过分析园艺专业课程实践过程中提供展会的产品和服务,展会模式组织对应的专业核心能力和专业毕业要求,以及实践过程中可能存在的问题,对学生专业核心能力培养的支持以及指导过程中出现的问题进行了讨论,为园艺专业的人才培养提供借鉴.

荆州位于江汉平原地区,拥有丰富的自生草本植物资源,评价和开发利用这些自生草本植物资源对江汉平原地区环境保护和可持续发展具有重要意义.利用层次分析法对荆州市主城区自生草本植物园林利用价值进行评价,以观赏特性、适应能力、应用潜力作为约束层,下设相应的 13 个指标,对主城区调查并初步筛选的 78 种自生草本植物进行评价.结果表明,过路黄、窃衣、艾、刺儿菜、蛇莓、蛇床、野菊、地锦草、鸭跖草、黄花蒿等 10 种自生草本植物的观赏性高,且对环境的适应能力强,可以科学合理应用在园林景观中.画眉草、山莴苣、风轮菜、齿果酸模等 34 种自生草本植物在 3 个约束层中有些弱势,但总体园林应用价值较高,可以适度推广应用.本研究构建的评价体系对 78 种自生草本植物的园林利用价值进行了较好的评价,可以考虑将评分较高的种类运用到城市园林绿化中.

Low temperature is a major environmental factor that limits the growth, yield, and geographical distribution of bananas. Given the complex nature of cold tolerance traits in bananas, the molecular mechanisms and associated gene networks responsible for cold tolerance are poorly understood. The aim of this study is to identify cold stress response genes, metabolites, and metabolic pathways through integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses, with the goal of comprehensively understanding the mechanism underlying the differential cold tolerance between cold-sensitive Cavendish and cold-tolerant Dajiao bananas. Our findings show that cold-tolerant Dajiao accumulates more lipids than cold-sensitive Cavendish under cold stress. Moreover, we identified 4626 and 5516 differentially expressed genes under cold stress in Cavendish and Dajiao, respectively. By integrating the transcriptomic and metabolomic datasets, we discovered that the lipid metabolism pathway and the ABA-independent MAPK cascade-ICE1 signal transduction pathway play crucial roles in cold tolerance of Dajiao. Our study provides new insight into the molecular basis of cold response and the mechanism of cold tolerance in bananas, with potential applications for genetic improvement of cold tolerance in bananas.

Spontaneous herbaceous plants (SHPs) play an essential role in urban biodiversity. Research on the diversity of SHPs has profound implications for the conservation of urban biodiversity and green space management in the process of urbanization. We investigated the habitat, life form, and growth form of SHPs by combining samples and inspections in Jingzhou, in central southern China. Additionally, we chose three typical regions-Ji'nan, Gucheng, and Shashi-for the examination and comparison of biodiversity. The results showed that diverse habitats provided abundant living space for SHPs of different growth forms and life forms in Jingzhou. Water edges with higher humidity do not significantly support more SHP growth forms and life forms, except for pseudo-rosette, partial-rosette, and perennial plants. In addition, both wasteland and road gaps and slopes support significantly more SHP growth forms, including erect, tussock, and others. Wasteland supported the vast majority of species, both growth forms and life forms. In the diverse habitats, there are 352 plant species belonging to 70 families and 236 genera in Jingzhou (Ji'nan 184 species, Gucheng 157 species, and Shashi 127 species). Plant species diversity differed according to the level of management. The Ji'nan region had a large number of SHP species because of the less disruptive and milder management implemented in this region. SHPs show good performance and can provide wild landscape effects; therefore, they have the potential to be used in many urban landscaping applications. In the process of urbanization expansion, we should implement the concept of protection and coordinated development in new construction areas. Our study has important implications for the support of SHPs in urban areas.

香蕉是世界上最受欢迎的水果之一,也是第四大粮食作物,低温是影响其种植区域、生长发育、产量和品质的重要环境因素.近年来,随着基因组学和蛋白质组学等分子生物学技术的深入发展,香蕉抗寒分子机制的研究取得了较大进展,笔者重点从生物膜、磷酸化信号通路、基因表达、蛋白表达4个层面综述香蕉品种抗寒性差异的分子机制和调控途径,旨在为香蕉抗寒品种的培育和栽培措施的改进提供理论参考.

The present study was conducted to explore the entry point of entrepreneurship education by continuously following and investigating the entrepreneurship team of horticulture majors and exploring the integration of entrepreneurship teaching based on the existing professional curriculum and teaching system. We examined the goals of developing a teaching system for horticulture students' entrepreneurial competence training, and we summarized the entry points for horticulture students' entrepreneurial competence training. We discovered that in curriculum design, teachers should pay more attention to leading and engaging students in entrepreneurial thinking, and that entrepreneurial competency training for team students with goals and targets should be provided.

Photorespiration has emerged as a hotspot in the evolution of photosynthesis owing to the energy loss during the process. To ensure the physiological functions of photorespiration such as light protection, H2O2 signaling, and stress resistance, separate the photorespiration glycolic acid flow, and minimize photorespiration loss, a balance must be maintained during the construction of photorespiratory metabolic branch. In this study, glycolate oxidase (GLO) and catalase (CAT) were introduced into potato (Solanum tuberosum) chloroplasts through the expression of fusion protein. Through the examination of phenotypic characteristics, photosynthesis, anatomical structure, and enzyme activity, the efficiency of the photorespiration pathway was demonstrated. The results showed that certain transgenic lines plants had shorter plant height and deformed leaves and tubers in addition to the favorable photosynthetic phenotypes of thicker leaves and larger and denser mesophyll cells. By Diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining analysis of the leaves, the intermediate H2O2 could not be decomposed in time to cause biomass decline and malformation, and the excessive glycolate shunt formed by the overexpression of the fusion protein affected other important physiological activities. Hence, the appropriate and coordinated expression of glycolate oxidase and catalase is essential for the establishment of photorespiration pathways in chloroplasts.

为明确来凤县雪茄烟田杂草发生情况,并提出杂草防除建议,采用样方法和踏查法对来凤县雪茄烟田杂草的种类、发生规律及群落特征进行调查分析.结果表明,种植期间杂草共有32科79种.喜湿类杂草有38种,占总数的48.10％.通过3个时期的杂草相对多度分析,共11种优势杂草应作为雪茄烟田杂草防除重点,分别为空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)、牛筋草(Eleusine indica)、碎米莎草(Cyperus iria)、铁苋菜(Acalypha australis)、马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)、水芹(Oenanthe javanica)、黄花蒿(Artemisia annua)、雾水葛(Pouzolzia zeylanica)、光头稗(Echinochloa colona)、荩草(Arthraxon hispidus)和尼泊尔蓼(Polygonum nepalense),其中喜湿类杂草占比较高,达45.45％.来凤县雪茄烟田杂草群落与其他9个省份15个地区的烟田杂草群落的相似性系数均在0.50以下,差异较大.

[目的]空心莲子草是一种世界范围的恶性入侵杂草,其贮藏根的形成在其入侵中具有重要作用,对其不定根的发生及其膨大情况进行研究有助于人们有针对性的进行防控.[方法]利用组织培养体系,对空心莲子草匍匐茎段进行无菌培养,培养条件主要考虑培养基凝固剂的类型、外植体是否带节、外植体节下茎段长度、外植体扦插方式和扦插深度.[结果]空心莲子草茎段比较理想的组培条件为:带1节长度为4 cm的去叶空心莲子草茎段,使用体积分数75％酒精浸泡1 min,0.1％升汞浸泡6 min消毒,在MS培养基中连续继代培养,采用第3代无菌苗的茎段作为外植体,在含有普通琼脂的MS培养基(钾离子浓度降至标准培养基60％)条件下,节下部长度为1.5 cm带节外植体正向扦插深度为1.4 cm的时候,可以获得生长良好的空心莲子草植株.实验发现外植体的下部截口上方的茎段能够不经过愈伤组织诱导直接生长出不定根,即出现节间生根现象.外植体培养70 d时,发现有部分不定根出现膨大趋势.继续培养80 d后,笔者观察到空心莲子草不定根出现明显膨大.[结论]研究成功构建了空心莲子草茎段不定根膨大的组织培养体系,为进一步在组培条件下开展空心莲子草贮藏根的形成机理研究提供依据.

Location of the proteases would affect on protease stability and photorespiratory bypass pathway, while it is unsolved. Potato rbcS signal peptide was analyzed and constructed into the protease for study of their localization site. The tartronate semialdehyde reductase (EcTSR) proteins could be accurately and efficiently located in chloroplast only when this signal peptide was extended to 80 amino acids. The signal peptide would help malate synthase (CmMS) locate to the surface of chloroplast, to form granules on the outer membrane of chloroplast. The whole spectrum scanning showed that these proteins could enter chloroplast. A signal peptide named PCS1 (Peptide of self-cleavage site 1) carrying a self-cleavage site was designed, and sixteen amino acids from the blue pigment precursor protein of chloroplast positioning signal of Silene pratensis were added to the C-terminal of PCS1. Transient expression, Western blot analysis and full-spectrum scanning showed that PCS1 could locate the EcTSR to the chloroplast, after the removal of the signal peptide.

针对园艺3个不同生源组成的班级,进行培养效果的分析.调查发现不同生源的园艺专业在学习能力、创新能力、技能培养、考研就业等方面存在显著差异.根据培养效果,建议分别形成研究复合型、应用管理型以及技能管理型的人才模式,以更好促进地方高校园艺专业的发展.

在叶绿体内创建光呼吸代谢支路降低光呼吸的损耗,必然会对植物的光合作用、氮同化和逆境响应造成影响,并最终导致植物生长发育及形态结构的变化.本研究通过在马铃薯叶绿体中融合表达乙醇酸氧化酶(Glycolate oxidase)和过氧化氢酶(Catalase)来分流光呼吸产生的乙醇酸,以期提高生物量和产量.结果表明,转基因植株的株高、叶面积、有效叶数和单株薯重与野生型相比均有所提高.同时,由于叶片形状、有效光合面积、有效叶数和株高等因子的变化,部分转基因株系出现块茎畸形和薯重降低的现象.

伴随现代教育体制改革和市场化发展进程的有序推进,新形势下高校人才培养也面临新的要求和形势.本文围绕高校园艺专业人才培养,阐述了加强实践教学体系构建的意义,分析了目前在园艺专业实践教学方面存在的不足,最后针对如何完善高校园艺专业实践教学体系提出了相关对策,以期为推动教学活动有序开展提供参考.

为了研究氮磷钾元素配比施肥对南方引种的彩叶树种的叶色保持和生长发育的影响,选用la生的彩叶树种金叶水蜡扦插苗,统计正常保持金黄叶色的植株数,并开展氮磷钾3因素3水平的施肥正交试验.研究结果表明:约95％的扦插苗可以正常保持金黄叶色,全部复绿扦插苗所占的比例≤1％;控制磷钾肥的用量有利于叶色保持、减少开花比例;当提高磷肥的用量时,对株高和冠幅会产生负面的影响;为保证新梢生长量,最优的氮浓度为9.2 g·株-1,最优的磷浓度为3.2 g·株-1,最优的钾浓度为2.2 g·株-1;在稳定磷钾肥施用量的情况下,可以适当增加氮肥的施用量.

实践教学是园艺卓越专业培养计划的重要一环.加强实践教学改革,培养具有较强动手实践能力和创新能力的卓越园艺人才,是目前地方农业院校面临的迫切而又重要的任务.针对长江大学园艺专业实践教学特点,探讨园艺卓越培养计划的实践教学体系以及改革措施,并对进一步的园艺卓越人才培养计划修订提供参考.

神农架林区重楼属植物资源丰富,本研究对神农架林区9种重楼属植物种子进行分类比较,通过种子外部形态以及内部解剖比较,确定各重楼属植物种子特征,胎座类型、外种皮类型、种子颜色、胚珠着生方式、种子形状等具有种间特征,可作为重楼属植物分类鉴定的辅助依据,聚类分析结果与李恒分类标准基本一致.