目的 探讨护理人员WMSDs的影响因素,为干预WMSDs发生提供理论依据.方法 采用整群抽样方法,抽取银川市9家医院部分科室在岗护理人员作为研究对象,采用肌肉骨骼疾患调查问卷进行调查,分析个体因素、动态负荷、静态负荷、体力负荷、工效环境因素以及劳动组织因素对护理人员WMSDs患病率的影响.结果 WMSDs患病率为66.55％,Logistic回归分析结果显示,工间休息时间充足是 WMSDs 的保护性因素(OR=0.594,P＜0.01);工龄在 10～14 a(OR=2.083,P＜0.01)、工作时长时间蹲或跪姿工作(OR=2.236,P＜0.01)、手腕经常向上/向下弯曲(OR=1.541,P＜0.01)、下肢及足踝经常反复做同一动作(OR=1.432,P＜0.05)和需要经常加班(OR=1.896,P＜0.01)是WMSDs的危险因素.结论 护理人员WMSDs患病率影响因素较复杂,建议医院增加护理人员人员配备,制定合理的休息和排班制度,根据不同年龄及工龄段合理安排岗位、科室及工作内容,改善工作环境,加强培训等,降低护士 WMSDs患病率,保护护理人员职业健康.

目的 分析宁夏回族自治区(以下简称“宁夏地区”)2016年职业病防治机构能力.方法 采用现况调查方法,通过“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”子系统“职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统”收集2016年宁夏地区职业病防治机构能力的资料.结果 宁夏地区2016年有46家职业健康检查机构,11家职业病诊断机构,6家重点职业病监测单位,25家职业病报告业务管理单位.职业健康检查机构和职业病诊断机构主要分布于各医院,重点职业病监测单位和职业病报告业务管理单位均分布于疾病预防控制机构.2016年宁夏地区共报告职业病140例,其中职业性尘肺病134例(包括新发病例113例、晋期病例21例),职业性传染病新发病例5例,职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病新发病例1例.2016年宁夏地区共开展职业健康检查企业数307家,共检查105 250人次,报告疑似职业病57人次,职业禁忌证445人次;新发职业性尘肺病行业分布主要集中在采矿(煤炭)行业.结论 宁夏地区缺乏独立的职业病防治机构;应加强职业病防治机构、人才队伍建设,加强职业卫生网络平台建设,加强重点地区重点行业的职业病防治工作.

目的 分析宁夏尘肺病发病趋势和特征,为政府相关部门制定职业病防治政策、规划提供依据.方法 对收集的1996-2015年宁夏职业病诊断机构报告尘肺病的个案资料根据期别、类别、地区和工种分布进行描述性分析,并比较前后十年不同期别报告尘肺病患者的发病年龄和接尘工龄.结果 1996-2015年宁夏地区共累计报告各类尘肺病1689例,I期占78.86％,以煤工尘肺(69.39％)和矽肺(27.89％)为主,主要分布在石嘴山市(77.08％)和银川市(20.43％).主采煤工、主掘进工、纯采煤工、纯掘进工和煤矿混合工居尘肺病发病的前5位.2006-2015年Ⅰ和Ⅱ期尘肺病患者的发病年龄小于1996-2005年,2006-2015年Ⅱ期尘肺病患者的接尘工龄小于1996-2005年尘肺病患者(P均<0.05).结论 尘肺病发病形势依然严重,应建立多部门合作机制,从源头上控制尘肺病的发生.

目的 了解宁夏某煤矿企业在岗期间噪声作业人员的健康状况.方法 选取2015年宁夏某煤矿企业噪声环境下工作的1837例工人的职业健康体检资料进行分析.结果 1837例中检出高血压246例,检出率13.39％;心电图异常319例,异常检出率17.37％;双耳高频平均听阈异常46例,异常检出率2.50％.随着年龄和工龄的增加,噪声作业人员双耳高频平均听阈异常检出率也随之增加(P均<0.01).结论 职业性噪声可造成永久性听力损伤,应加强接噪工人的职业健康体检,加强防护措施,以保护劳动者健康.

目的 对2017年宁夏职业病发病特点进行分析,为宁夏职业病预防控制措施的制定提供科学依据.方法 依据职业病与职业卫生信息监测子系统,将2017年宁夏新诊断为职业病病例个案录入Excel,对数据进行统计学分析.结果 2017年全区共收集新确诊职业病135例,其中职业性尘肺病123例、职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病3例、职业性传染病8例、慢性职业中毒1例;生产性农药中毒37例,仅占所有农业中毒的8.54％;有毒有害作业工人健康监护企业数456家,职业健康体检为143 463人次.结论 宁夏职业病主要以职业性尘肺病为主,今后应加强石嘴山市职业病危害因素的治理,从源头上控制职业危害因素对工人健康的影响,同时强化定期的职业健康监护和检查力度,提高体检覆盖率和疑似职业病的筛检能力.

目的 调查分析接触宁夏重点职业危害因素劳动者健康检查结果,为制定宁夏职业病防治策略提供依据.方法 利用国家重点职业病监测与职业健康风险评估信息系统和有毒有害作业健康监护卡收集信息,用SPSS 18.0对数据进行统计学分析.结果 宁夏注册登记的企业679家,存在重点职业病危害因素的企业480家.2015年宁夏开展重点职业病职业健康检查的企业共142家.其中应检41449人,实检39798人,检查率为96.02％.疑似职业病检出43人,检出率0.11％.职业禁忌证检出140人,检出率0.35％.结论 采矿业和制造业、国有企业、中型企业是宁夏重点职业病监测中监管的重点,应制定针对性强的具有地区特色的职业病防治对策.

近年来,宁夏回族自治区动物卫生防疫机构工作人员感染布鲁氏菌病(简称布病)事件时有发生,先后发生3起动物防疫人员布鲁氏菌病聚集性疫情.布鲁氏菌病(布病)感染的家畜(牛、羊、猪等)是人感染的主要传染源,可经接触患病牲畜及其产品或其污染物经消化道、皮肤黏膜、呼吸道等多途径侵入人体而引起感染或发病.该病临床表现变化多端,无特异性,多累及全身多个器官,潜伏期5 d至5个月不等[1],主要临床表现为发热、多汗、乏力,其中波浪热最具有特征性,多汗常发生在深夜或凌晨,当体温下降时可伴有大汗淋漓.分别为2015年9月A市辖区先后有5例病例出现发热、关节酸痛等症状并于9月30日到辖区疾控中心做实验室检测,试管凝集试验均大于1∶200++;2015年11月B市疾控中心报告其辖区内动物防疫人员先后有25人试管凝集试验(SAT)滴度大于1∶100++;2016年4月至7月C市先后有13人试管凝集试验(SAT)滴度大于1∶100++;且病例均来自某地市动物防疫机构防疫员,为总结事件原因,针对性提出预防控制措施建议,我们采用回顾性分析方法对动物防疫机构的职业卫生管理、个人防护等情况进行调查.

Objective To analyze the regularity and characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis from 2006 to 2014 in Ningxia.Methods Database on report cards of occupational disease from 2006 to 2014 was established and statistically analyzed by SPSS11.5.Results From 2006 to 2014 totally there were 1197 cases of pneumoconiosis disease in Ningxia.Of which 952 cases were in stage I,178 cases in stage II,and 67 cases in stage III.The cases were mainly distributed in Shizuishan City and Yinchuan City.The ages of the patients were mainly in the age of 35-45 years old,45-55 years old and 65 years old and above.Coal workers pneumoconiosis and silicosis were major part of the cases.Conclusions Coal workers pneumoconiosis was found as major pneumoconiosis from the coal industry in Ningxia.So the coal industry should strengthen individual protection and improve the production process to reduce dust on the health of workers.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of occupational diseases in Ningxia from 2006 to 2015 andr to provide reasonable suggestions for prevention and control measures of occupational disease in the future.Methods Through China Information System For Disease Control and Prevention,occupational disease data were collect from 2006 to 2015 and a retrospective statistical analysis was carried on.Results A total of 1453 cases of occupational diseases were reported in Ningxia from 2006 to 2015,including 1424 male cases (accounting for 98.01％).Most of occupational diseases were occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases(accounting for 89.06％ of the total).The number of cases with the annual volatility,the largest incidence in 2012,the cases of occupational diseases were mainly distributed in Shizuishan city (accounting for 76.26％ of the total).Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences in the incidence age composition of various types occupational disease(P＜0.05),and in the different regions of various types occupational disease (P＜0.05).Compared with the incidence of occupational disease from 1990 to 2005,various types occupational disease in different period had significant differences(P＜0.05).The comparison of age and length of service in various types occupational disease also had significant difference (x2=144.236,P＜0.05;x2=101.605,P＜0.05).Conclusion Governance and oversight of occupational hazards in the workplace of coal,electricity and coal chemical industry in Shizuishan and Yinchuan city should be improved.The occupational health surveillance of 35-54 age group labor population at the same time have to be strengthened.screening early,detection early,diagnosis early,and controlling the occupational hazards,the rights of workers' life and health would be protected.

Objective To analyse incidence and characteristics of occupation disease from 2006 to 2015, in order to further take prevention measures.Methods The record files of occupation disease were collected, and SPSS 11.5 was used for statistical analysis.Results From 2006 to 2015,there were totally 1453 cases of occupation disease in the region,including 1292 cases of pneumoconiosis,88 cases of acute occupation poisoning,46 cases of chronic poisoning,12 cases of occupation disease caused by biological factors,11 cases of occupational ear,nose,throat and oral diseases,2 cases of occupational skin disease,and 2 cases of other occupational disease.Conclusions Pneumoconiosis is the common occupation disease,and the protection of workers exposed to dust should be strengthened.Importance to prevent and control the occupation poisoning should be also addressed too.

Objective To understand distribution characteristics of occupational disease in Ningxia region,to provide information support for occupational disease prevention and control.Methods Data on cases with occupational diseases in Ningxia in 2015 was collected through information monitoring system of occupational diseases and occupational health, and the characteristics of the diseases, such as occupation, region distribution were analyzed.Results A total of 105 new occupational diseases cases were reported in 2015.The cases of occupational diseases were mainly distributed in the Yinchuan and Shizuishan City.Industry distribution of the cases focused mainly on mining industry.The age diagnosed as occupational diseases was mainly concentrated in 35-54 years old and length of service was mainly concentrated in the 29-10 years.It showed significant difference in different phases of pneumoconiosis at the diagnosed age and the length of service.184 enterprises carried out the health examination for 66273 workers.There were 378 cases with pesticide poisoning.Conclusions Pneumoconiosis is the main occupational disease in the region, the governance and oversight of occupational hazards in the workplace of coal and electricity industry in Yinchuan and Shizuishan City should be strengthened in the future.It is recommended to reduce dust hazards to workers from the source, meanwhile regularly carry out occupational health surveillance, improve suspected occupational screening capability.In Zhongwei and Wuzhong, prevention of pesticide poisoning should be strengthened through education for labor protection, actively carrying out mental health counseling, and managing organophosphorus pesticide transportation,sale,use and storage.

目的 分析宁夏地区尘肺病的流行病学特征,为制定科学、合理、有针对性的尘肺病防治措施提供理论依据.方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统,收集整理宁夏地区2006-2014年期间的尘肺病例,用SPSS18.0软件进行统计分析.结果 2006-2014年宁夏地区尘肺病患者共1 653例,其中新发病例1 197例,晋期病例456例;男性1 644例,女性9例;尘肺病例的发病年龄中位数为49.0岁,患者接尘工龄中位数为21.0a;病例主要分布在煤炭开采和洗选业.不同行业工人尘肺的发病工龄和发病年龄中位数的差异均有统计学意义(x2=87.883和x2=57.089,均P＜0.01),不同尘肺期别晋期年限的差异有统计学意义(x2=51.792,P＜0.05),各诊断年份之间尘肺的发病工龄和发病年龄中位数的差异均有统计学意义(x2=60.778和x2=-35.546,均P＜0.01).结论 根据尘肺病的流行病学特征,应重视和加强煤炭开采和洗选业,特别是49岁左右男性工人的职业健康监护工作,早发现、早诊断、早治疗,加强作业场所防尘的治理,防止尘肺病的年轻化趋势.

目的 了解宁夏地区职业病的发病特点,为进一步做好职业病防治提供依据.方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统,收集2006-2014年职业病诊断机构诊断并报告的职业病病例进行统计分析.结果 2006-2014年宁夏职业病发病例数为1 348例,其中男性占97.92％,尘肺病占病例总数的88.80％;发病年龄中位数为46.00岁,发病工龄中位数为23.00年;9年间职业病发病呈波动性,以2012年发病人数最多;地区分布以石嘴山市最多,企业规模分布主要集中在中型企业,不同地区各类职业病构成差异有统计学意义,不同企业规模各类职业病的分布差异有统计学意义.结论 宁夏职业病发病形势依然很严峻,防治的重点为尘肺病和职业中毒,重点地区以石嘴山市和银川市为主,行业规模以中型企业为主.

Objective To summarize the incidence and characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis from 2010 to 2014 in Ningxia,and to provide the basis for further preventive measures. Methods The report cards were collected from 2010 to 2014 in Ningxia and the data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 11.5. Results From 2010 to 2014 ,670 cases with occupational pneumoconiosis occurred in Ningxia. Of 670 cases,496 cases were stage I,121 cases were stage II and 53 cases were stage III. Cases of occupational pneumoconiosis were mainly distributed in Shizuishan city and Yinchuan city while they were mainly in the age of 35~555 years old and 65 years old and above. The cases dominated in occupational coal workers pneumoconiosis and occupational silicosis. Conclusion Recently,occupational pneumoconiosis occurred mainly in coal workers,so preventive measures should be strengthen in the coal workers exposed to dust.

目的 通过对宁夏2015年噪声环境作业的工人职业卫生基本情况和职业健康体检结果分析,预防与发现职业禁忌症和职业病,为卫生部门制定相关策略提供依据.方法 根据GBZ-2007《职业健康监护技术规范》的要求,对全省2015年7家企业8 325名噪声环境作业工人的职业卫生基本情况和职业性岗中健康结果资料进行综合分析和评价.结果 7家企业8 325名噪声环境下工作的工人,以男性为主,年龄在18～69岁,双耳高频平均听阈异常检出率在50岁组最高,不同年龄、不同行业、不同企业规模双耳高频平均听阈异常检出率之间差异具有统计学意义(x2=83.782,P ＜0.001;x2 =499.830,P＜0.001;x2=363.152,P＜0.001).结论 职业噪声可造成双耳高频平均听阈异常检出率提高,应该加强职业卫生监督管理,做好职业卫生防护.

OBJECTIVE:To understand the toxic effects of manganese exposure on health by measurement of manganese concentration and occupational health inspection among workers in an enterprise exposed to manganese, and to provide a basis for occupational disease control.METHODS:The air concentrations of manganese in 12 workplaces where workers often stayed were measured by typical sampling; occupational health inspection was performed among a total of 538 workers in the enterprise by cluster sampling.RESULTS:The average concentrations of manganese in the workplace from 2011 to 2013 were 0.179 mg/m(3), 0.122 mg/m(3), and 0.082 5 mg/m(3), respectively, indicating a significant decrease in manganese level within the three years by rank-sum test (P < 0.05). The results of health inspection showed that 165 (30.7%) out of 538 workers had abnormal indices, and the incidence of autonomic nervous system abnormalities reached 32.7% (176/538). There was no correlation between manganese concentration in the workplace and the incidence of abnormal indices in health inspection, while the manganese concentration in the workplace was positively correlated with the incidence of autonomic nervous system symptoms (r = 0.718, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:The manganese concentration in the workplace is positively correlated with the incidence of autonomic nervous system symptoms. Early exposure to a low level of manganese can induce functional changes and potential damages in the nervous system.

目的 了解不同企业规模和经济类型煤矿员工职业病防治知识知晓情况.方法 抽取2家试点煤矿的117名管理者和686名一线工人,用自行设计的调查表,进行职业病防治知识问卷调查.结果 企业管理者和一线工人分别有67.85％和53.52％的指标具有较高知晓率(85％以上);企业管理者在职业病防治的责任主体、上岗体检机构的选择、职业健康检查的必要性、职业病报告责任、承担职业病诊断和医学观察费用等方面知晓率较低;一线工人在职业卫生知识培训、尘肺病的主要症状、纱布口罩防尘作用和职业病防治权利4个方面的知晓率较低,均在70％以下.2家企业管理者对职业病防治知识的知晓情况差异无统计学意义;一线工人中型国有煤矿有19个指标的知晓率高于小型民营煤矿,其中有11个对应指标知晓率之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 宁夏试点煤矿员工职业病防治知识认知严重不足,特别是小型民营企业的一线工人,亟待在今后的工作中予以加强.

目的对2010-2014年职业病发病情况进行统计分析,为防治职业病提供理论依据.方法通过《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》收集职业病报告卡,用SPSS11.5统计软件进行分析.结果2010-2014年共发生职业病761例,其中职业性尘肺病670例、急性职业中毒68例、慢性职业中毒10例、职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病8例、职业性传染病3例、职业性皮肤病1例、其他职业病1例.宁夏职业病主要发生在石嘴山市,共计560例,占73.59％;职业病主要发病行业为煤炭、冶金和化工等行业,其中煤炭582例(占76.48％)、冶金84例(占11.04％)和化工31例(占4.08％).结论宁夏新发职业病仍以职业性尘肺病为主,应加强接触粉尘工人的防护,重视职业中毒的预防控制.