为验证传鼻康口服液对鸡传染性鼻炎的治疗效果,将21日龄三黄肉鸡随机分为6组,每组30只,分别为传鼻康口服液高剂量组、中剂量组(推荐剂量)、低剂量组及对照药镇喘散组、感染对照组(感染不给药)、健康对照组.除健康对照组外,对其余各组鸡人工感染副鸡嗜血杆菌.连续给药治疗7 d,停药后观察14 d,试验期21 d,分别对其临床疗效、平均增重与病理变化等进行分析,评价其临床疗效.结果表明,传鼻康口服液高剂量组和中剂量组连续用药7 d,对感染发病鸡有明显疗效,能显著降低血清抗体反应阳性率,副鸡嗜血杆菌阳性检出率分别为10％、20％,平均增重分别为(697.9±44.7)g和(697.7±65.6)g.而对照药镇喘散组的副鸡嗜血杆菌抗体阳性检出率为50％,平均增重为(579.3±43.7)g.说明传鼻康口服液对人工感染副鸡嗜血杆菌的试验病例有较好的治疗效果,其作用优于镇喘散.

牛瘤胃积食又称急性瘤胃扩张, 奶牛瘤胃积食多因过饲精料或草料过细导致内容物停滞或阻塞瘤胃, 导致前胃机能障碍, 瘤胃容积增大, 进而形成脱水和毒血症的一种牛前胃疾病. 临床以食欲减退或废绝, 反刍减少或停止, 瘤胃蠕动音减弱, 蠕动次数及持续时间减少乃至消失, 左肷部膨大为主要症状. 多年来在临床实践中采用自拟五味消积散治疗奶牛瘤胃积食17例, 收效显著, 现予报道.

由于当前畜禽感染性疾病高发,而又没有理想的抗病毒药物.以往行之有效的抗生素也由于耐药性等问题的日趋严重,不仅给畜禽疾病防治带来了严峻挑战,而且由于临床疗效差,带来了药物滥用及其在畜禽产品中的残留等问题日益受到人们关注.有鉴于此,中兽药防治畜禽疾病甚或是替代抗生素的呼声日涨.然而,根据笔者所掌握的资料来看,当前对中兽药的认识与使用存在着几个误区,这不仅不利于中兽药的有效使用,而且还有误导消费者之嫌.

In view of more severe challenges of the modern biomedical at prevention and cure of chronic diseases, and the puzzlement of the nonlinear analysis for multiple factors of the bio-psycho-social model etc.,it was discussed from complexity science that the complexity-whole-condition model,in which it was directed by complexity science, attached importance to the relations and interactions of the whole,and regarded the"analysis and treatment at the conditions"as its cognitive method,is more scientific and feasible than the bio-psycho-social model etc.,in which new factors were increased and listed simply.It will certainly promote biomedical development and improvement.

胎衣不下是指母牛产出犊牛后,胎衣不能在正常时间内脱落排出而滞留于子宫内所引起的奶牛产科疾病.由于胎衣不下引起的子宫内膜炎发病率显著增高,常致使其发情延迟、配种期延长,配种次数增加,空怀时间增加,严重影响母牛繁殖效率,甚至造成奶牛终生不孕,缩短了奶牛使用年限,增加了淘汰率,已成为奶牛繁殖障碍的主要原因.防治牛胎衣不下的方法多种多样,诚难悉数.结合多年临床经验,以下治疗奶牛胎衣不下的方法均有一定疗效,临床可根据具体医疗条件灵活选用.

为观察奶牛产前服用产复康中药散剂对产后预防子宫内膜炎的效果,试验分为预试验和扩大试验.预试验将66头临产奶牛随机分成试验1组、试验2组和对照组,各22头.从产前1d开始喂服产复康,添加量为试验1组每天200 g/头、试验2组每天300 g/头、对照组不添加.结果显示,试验1组和试验2组奶牛各项指标基本相似,且2个试验组较对照组胎衣不下和子宫内膜炎发病率明显降低.说明每天200 g/头的剂量可以达到促进子宫复旧和预防子宫内膜炎的效果;在预试验的基础上,对不同地区的6个奶牛场352头奶牛进行了扩大试验,试验方法、观测指标和预试验类似,产复康的添加剂量为每天200 g/头.结果显示,试验组与对照组相比胎衣不下和子宫内膜炎发病率分别下降9.92％和18.23％,产后85 d妊娠率提高10.85％,产后第1次发情时间和第1次配种时间平均提前约10d.扩大试验的结果进一步证明服用产复康可降低子宫疾病发病率,促进奶牛子宫机能恢复,使奶牛提早发情配种,提高受胎率,对奶牛产后子宫内膜炎具有良好的预防作用.

头癣是由头癣真菌引起的一种传染病,其特征是在鸡头部无羽毛处,特别是鸡冠上形成黄白色、鳞片状的癣痂,重症病例的病变也可能扩展到有羽毛处.重型品种鸡较易感染,6月龄之内的小鸡很少发生,偶见于蛋鸡和其他禽类,也可感染畜类和人.该病多发于夏、秋多雨潮湿的季节,一般通过皮肤伤口传染或接触传染.鸡群拥挤、通风不良、病鸡脱落的鳞屑和污染的器具物品都能够引起广泛传播.

This study aimed to evaluate the safety of Manhuning oral liquid and to provide safety basis for clinical treatment.A total of 120 chickens of 14 days old were selected.After one week of adaptive feeding,they were evenly and randomly divided into four groups:one time the therapeutic dose (T1),three times the therapeutic dose (T2),five times the therapeutic dose (T3) and control (CK).In different groups,the chickens were fed with Manhuning oral liquid according to the set doses for one week.At the beginning and at the end of the experiment,total 10 chickens were selected randomly from each group,respectively.They were weighed,and their blood was sampled for determination of routine blood indexes and examination of liver and kidney function.Organ indexes were determined,and pathological examination was conducted for the heart,liver,spleen,lung and kidney of the chickens.The results showed that the body mass gain and organ indexes differed insignificantly among different groups (P＞0.05).No significant differences were found in the routine blood indexes,serum ALT activity,albumin content,creatinine content and urea content among different groups before and after the experiment (P＞0.05).After the administration,the heart,liver,spleen,lung and kidney of the chickens showed no obvious abnormalities.In short,Manhuning oral liquid had little impact on the physiological and biochemical indexes and had no toxic effects on the heart,liver,spleen,lung and kidney of chickens,and it is a low-toxicity safe veterinary drug preparation.

氨气是一种有毒、无色、有强烈刺激性臭味的气体,可感觉的最低浓度为5.3mg/m3.当鸡舍内氨气浓度达约20mg/m3并持续6周时,就会引发鸡肺部充血水肿、鸡群食欲下降、产蛋率降低;达到约50mg/m3时,数日后会导致鸡发生喉头水肿、坏死性支气管炎、肺出血、呼吸频率降低,严重的将出现死亡;达到约80mg/m3并持续2个月时,可以导致蛋鸡产蛋率减少90％,死亡率增加;达到约100mg/m3时,死亡率将明显增加.

"康毒威"是中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所研制的纯中药制剂,主要由丹皮、葛根、桂枝、白芍、白芨、五味子、甘草等组成,主要用于缓解非典型性新城疫引起的腹泻、呼吸障碍等症状.使用过程中发现该药对新城疫后期发生的扭颈等典型神经症状也具有良好治疗效果.

针对近年来中药安全评价方法及其研究存在着与临床尤其是中医辨证施治临床实践相脱节之不足,从辨证施治与复杂性科学的角度探讨中药安全性评价,提出:①转变科学观念,改变中药安全性评价唯成分论的片面做法;②积极主动地抑毒减毒,而不是简单地弃毒;③严格控制适应症,尽量减少或消除因为误用而所造成的损失与对中药的负面影响;④有针对性的选择,而不是简单的禁用;⑤加强临床监测与研究,促进中药安全性评价的不断深入与完善.

中兽医药学从远古走来,秉黄帝精髓,承伏羲心智,传师皇技艺,精深而博大,正走向世界.她曾经历过辉煌,也曾历经磨难;今逢盛世受重视,蓬勃发展振翅飞,医药探索硕果丰,机遇挑战勇面对.为弘扬中华传统文化,促进中兽医药学的继承与发展,在国家科技部基础工作专项资助下,在中国农业科学院中兽医研究所和中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所中兽医药陈列室的基础上,于2013年开始筹建中兽医药陈列馆.该馆集实物与数字化为一体,提高与普及兼顾,传承与发展并重,为更好地保存、使用与共享这一有限资源提供了一个交流平台.中兽医药陈列馆设在中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所科苑东楼一层,分4个展区.

冠癣又称头癣或黄癣，主要发生于鸡，是由头癣真菌引起的一种传染病，其特征是在鸡头部无羽毛处，特别是鸡冠上形成黄白色、鳞片状的癣痂，重症病例病变也可扩展到有羽毛处。重型品种鸡较易感染，六月龄之内的小鸡很少发生，偶见于蛋鸡和其他禽类，也可感染畜类和人。本病多发于夏、秋多雨潮湿的季节，一般通过皮肤伤口传染或接触传染。鸡群拥挤、通风不良、病鸡脱落的鳞屑和污染的器具物品都能引起广泛传播。

本试验旨在研究紫菀乙醇提物对豚鼠离体气管平滑肌收缩功能的影响.采用离体气管恒温灌流的方法,将豚鼠气管制成气管螺旋条,通过BL-420F生物机能实验系统测定其张力的变化,观察紫菀乙醇提物对离体气管平滑肌静息状态下的舒张作用,以及在氯化乙酰胆碱(Ach)、磷酸组胺(His)、CaCl2条件下和无钙下Ach诱导细胞内钙释放和外钙内流所致两种收缩条件下对离体气管平滑肌张力变化的影响.试验结果显示,低浓度紫菀乙醇提取物(0.002～0.008 g/mL)对静息状态下豚鼠离体气管平滑肌具有一定的收缩作用,高浓度(0.008～0.196 g/mL)时具有舒张作用;低、中、高3个剂量组均可抑制Ach、His和CaCl2引起的气管平滑肌收缩强度,使各致痉剂的量效曲线非平行右移并降低最大效应.紫菀乙醇提取物对His的抑制作用强度最大,其次为Ach,最后是CaCl2,且均呈剂量依赖性.以上结果表明紫菀乙醇提物具有舒张气管平滑肌的作用,其机制可能与抑制豚鼠气管平滑肌M受体、H1受体和阻断Ca2+通道从而抑制细胞Ca2+内流有关.

本试验旨在观察紫菀不同极性段提取物对SD大鼠的肝脏毒性损伤.SD大鼠随机分为空白组、石油醚组、乙酸乙酯组、正丁醇组、母液组、75％乙醇组,每组10只,灌胃给药0.34 g生药/kg体重,连续28 d,观察对大鼠摄食量、体增重、脏器系数、尿液指标、血常规、血清生化指标、肝脏组织抗氧化酶、病理切片等的影响.试验结果显示各组大鼠体增重、肝脏组织抗氧化酶、尿液指标、脏器系数均无显著变化(P＞0.05);雄鼠乙酸乙酯组、母液组白细胞计数(WBC)显著降低(P＜0.05),正丁醇组极显著降低(P＜0.01),雌鼠石油醚组、乙酸乙酯组WBC极显著降低(P＜0.01),正丁醇组显著降低(P＜0.05);雌鼠乙酸乙酯组乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)显著升高(P＜0.05);病理组织学检查可见石油醚组和乙酸乙酯组大鼠肝脏出现轻微的肝索紊乱、颗粒变性,其余组与空白组相比无明显差异.结果表明在0.34g生药/kg体重给药条件下,紫菀的石油醚和乙酸乙酯提取物对大鼠产生轻微的肝脏毒性.

冠癣又称头癣或黄癣,主要发生于鸡,是由头癣真菌引起的一种传染病,其特征是在鸡头部无羽毛处,特别是鸡冠上形成黄白色、鳞片状的癣痂,重症病例病变也可扩展到有羽毛处.重型品种鸡较易感染,6月龄之内的小鸡很少发生,偶见于蛋鸡和其他禽类,也可感染畜类和人.本病多发于夏、秋多雨潮湿的季节,一般通过皮肤伤口传染或接触传染.鸡群拥挤、通风不良、病鸡脱落的鳞屑和污染的器具物品都能引起广泛传播.

中兽医药学是中华民族科学技术遗产中的一颗璀璨明珠,是人们几千年来与畜禽疾病斗争的实践经验和智慧结晶,拥有独特精湛的诊疗方法与技艺.然而,随着我国畜禽养殖模式的转变以及西兽医学技术和现代生物技术迅猛发展,给中兽医药学带来了严峻挑战,逐渐形成了对中兽医学认识与人才培养的严重异化、经典著作亡佚殆尽,有形资源标本亟待创新、补缺,无形技术遗产亟待抢救、整理.因此,开展中兽医药的资源抢救和整理,对发扬中兽医药在畜禽疾病群体防治高效技术研发、自身理论体系发展等方面具有科技前瞻性意义.

从“一杯牛奶强壮一个民族”到“牛奶致癌”,着实让人吃惊.尽管国家权威机构、主流媒体曾多次辟谣,但“牛奶致癌说”在网上却依然甚是流行.从复杂性科学的角度在对其进行认真考察分析后认为,转变科学观念,并以复杂性科学为指导,从整体角度正确理解饮食与疾病“相关性并不等于因果性”的复杂性关系,做到既不要恐慌牛奶的促癌作用,也不能忽视西方的膳食经验教训,保持膳食营养平衡,从而做到最大限度地利用好牛奶这一健康资源,而又不受害于它.

一 发生情况 甘肃甘谷县某鸡场饲养安卡红肉用种鸡200羽,250日龄时,鸡群中部分鸡采食下降,羽毛松乱,烦躁不安,鸡冠不时刮蹭鸡笼,个别鸡的鸡冠有出血或留有褐色出血瘢痕,几乎所有鸡鸡冠苍白、上覆一层鳞屑状黄白色物,个别病鸡的鸡冠上形成黄色厚痂.先后用常规消毒药每天2次消毒,连续5天,病状毫无改善,后改用中药剂治疗7天.

Background: Ziwan Baibu Tang (ZBT) is used as a traditional Chinese prescription used in the clinic to cure a variety of respiratory diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute and subacute toxicity of ZBT. Materials and Methods: Fifty Kunming mice were assigned to 5 groups, and ZBT was administered at different concentrations. Symptoms, mortality and behavioural changes were recorded. Eighty Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 4 treatment groups or a control group for 4 weeks of treatment (half male and half female); general observations and weekly body weight (BW) gain were recorded. At the end of the 4-week experiment, the rats were sacrificed, and blood was collected for haematological and serum biochemical analyses. Samples from the primary organs were fixed in 10% buffered formalin for histopathological studies. Results: The calculated LD50 of acute oral toxicity was 319.16 g/kg BW. After the 4-week treatment, BW did not significantly differ in any of the dose groups, compared with the control group (P>0.05), and the rat blood red blood cell (RBC) and haemoglobin (HGB) levels in each dose group did not significantly differ (P>0.05). In addition, serum urea and creatine levels in each dose group did not significantly differ from those in the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion: These results indicate that ZBT does not possess toxic potential and that both the acute and subchronic toxicity in animals are very low.