以宜阳县锦屏山采石场地质环境治理项目为依托,结合植被覆绿情况,基于生态地质学理论的地境再造技术,探讨和完善高陡岩质边坡植被覆绿的技术方法,并利用大量、长期的山体水汽场监测数据揭示边坡内部温湿度是否能够满足植被成活和持续生长的需求,进而建立并完善高陡岩质边坡地境再造覆绿新技术新理论,为解决河南省大面积露天矿山生态环境治理提供有效的技术手段和可行的解决方法,为逐步消除和减轻因不合理开采导致的环境和生态的负面影响提供技术支持,以实现矿区环境与经济、社会的和谐发展.

At present,there are few studies on the law of water phase-change between vapor and liquid in unsaturated zone of fractured rock,but in practical work,we need to consider the influence of the vapor-liquid transformation on rock mass. Taking Jinping Mountain in Yiyang,Henan Province as an example,we studied the law of water vapor-liquid transformation in unsatu-rated zone of fractured rock mass from the view of thermodynamics by long-term observation of the vapor on rock wall in the test site using the Apresys 179-DTH temperature and humidity recorder. The results show that temperature is the key factor to deter-mine the movement of water vapor and the yield of liquid water. And the variation law of absolute humidity has a strong correla-tion with temperature. During the spring and summer,the external water vapor moves into the fractured rock mass so that the ab-solute humidity rises,while in autumn and winter,the water vapor in the fractured rock mass moves to the outside,and the abso-lute humidity decreases. There exists a relatively high content of moisture in fractured rock mass in the period from 22:00 to 6:00 in a day,and during that time liquid water yields easily. On the contrary, although the absolute humidity of water vapor is high in the monitoring hole from 14:00 to 16:00 in a day,it is difficult to reach or exceed the saturated vapor pressure under the corresponding condition of temperature,so liquid water is not easy to yield.

挂网喷播技术在中国边坡覆绿工程中有广泛应用,坡度是决定该技术成败的关键因素之一,但在众多相关研究中却没有得到足够的重视.该文以河南省宜阳锦屏山公园和焦作缝山针公园为研究对象,从坡度对挂网基质、水肥条件、植被物种多样性等方面研究坡度对挂网喷播技术的影响.研究表明:挂网喷播技术适用在45°以下的岩质边坡覆绿工程中;坡度＞50°时,该技术覆绿效果显著下降;坡度＞70°时,该技术覆绿效果不佳.

大规模的基础设施建设和矿山开发造就大量的裸露岩体,严重破坏了生态环境和自然景观.边坡覆绿技术是人类对自己造成的恶果的"补偿",近年来各种覆绿技术迅速发展.本文系统总结了岩质边坡覆绿技术的发展及其存在问题,并对覆绿技术的理论基础进行分析,指出未来岩质边坡覆绿技术和研究的发展趋势.

为探索裂隙岩体内凝结水的时空分布规律,以宜阳锦屏山为研究区,监测夏冬两季研究区不同方位裂隙岩体内不同孔深位置处的空气温湿度数据,并分析其绝对湿度与相对湿度.监测数据显示相对湿度多时段连续达到饱和状态.时间上,夏、冬两季各壁面裂隙岩体内均有凝结水形成,夏季比冬季更易形成凝结水,冬季夜晚较白天更易形成凝结水;空间上,研究区裂隙岩体内凝结水分布情况受温度、水分分布及运移传递规律影响,除东、南两壁受冬季西北风的影响,壁面高位置处受太阳辐射较强,部分汽态水向低位置处运移,使得高处凝结水分布范围比低处小.夏季岩体内部凝结水区域外边界在孔深20 ～ 50 cm,冬季约在100 ～200 cm.

土壤是人类生存的重要资源,一旦被污染即对人类的生活环境和粮食安全构成威胁.焦作市是我国的煤炭大市,土壤污染严重.该课题通过野外取样调查和测试分析,认为该市土壤污染主要以重金属离子Cd、Hg、As、Cu、Pb为主,其特征体现在横向上重金属离子浓度随流程变化,具有逐渐增加的趋势,但不同离子的浓度变化特征有所不同;垂向上重金属离子浓度的变化显示出逐渐增高又转向降低的趋势,峰值在30～60cm之间,但不同离子的浓度变化规律也有所不同;污染源主要是矿产资源的大规模开采和露天开采方式;污染途径主要有气候影响、矿山废水排放和污水灌溉等.

裸露岩质边坡覆绿成败的关键在于植物和岩体的有机结合,植被地境再造技术效果突出.通过以河南省宜阳县锦屏山高陡岩质边坡覆绿工程为研究对象,从生态地质学角度研究地境再造技术指标,为了解决岩质边坡的覆绿这一问题,必须要满足以下条件:岩体体裂隙率达到3%以上、岩壁覆绿植物种植孔深度在40~60 cm之间、种植孔施工角度与裂隙的发育产状相关且以切穿更多的裂隙为原则.图6,表6.

Water vapour field is a general term used to describe the temperature in the unsaturated water zone of the fractured rock mass and the temporal distribution of water and vapor.Some key questions have not been examined until now such as the distribution of temperature-humidity in the water vapor field of the fractured rock mass as well as the laws of vapor-liquid transformation in the water vapor field.The Jinping Mountain of Yiyang county is taken as an case study in this paper and the distribution of temperature-humidity as well as the laws of vapor-liquid transformation in the water vapor field are analyzed using the measured temperature and moisture at all seasons in the long-term monitoring holes.The research results show that (1) spring and summer are the main periods for the increase in water and heat in the fractured rock,when the humiture in the water vapor field of fractured rock gradually raises from the inside out.Distribution range of the internal condensation water in fractured rock is large and its external counterpart on the boundary is about 20 cm.(2) Conversely,water and heat in the fractured rock decrease and the humiture gradually reduces from the inside out in autumn and winter.The nternal water distribution range of fractured rock is small while that on the outside ranges from 50 to 200 cm.

石漠化是自然因素和不合理的人类活动导致土地功能退化、岩石裸露的生态地质灾害,但其根源是脆弱的地质环境,故其治理必须从地质条件入手.植物地境是植物的地下生境,是植物生存的地下空间,由土壤、部分母质及包含在其中的水分、盐分、空气、有机质等构成.地境再造即是人工塑造植物所需的地境条件,为植物生存提供基础.地境再造模式包括植物地境特征调查、地境空间再造、土壤再造和适应所选物种的种植过程.事实证明,植物地境再造模式适用于石漠化治理.图4,参10.

It is the problem of Gansu Corridor water resource that the glacier and vegetation change in Qilian Mountains. With interpreting remote sensing data on 1980s and 2010s, it was shown that the glacier area decreased obviously with bare land increased,and vegetation coverage degree declined with global change during the past 30 years. It demonstrated that the ecology had been changed in Qilian Mountains which was not only affecting the change of water resources,but carrying out a profound impact on the ecology in Gansu Corridor.2figs.,1tab.,12refs.

In parts of water areas with high fluoride,the fluorine content in groundwater is not rele-vant with the prevalence of local fluoride epidemic positively. Because of the limitation of fluorine acquisi-tion method,it is unable now to do some relevant toxicology and clinical experiments on the complex state of fluorine so as to determine its negative effects on human. In this paper,the characteristics of different forms of fluoride in groundwater have been analyzed. Taking the East Henan Plain as an example and through the comparison of the negative effects of some representative fluorine with complex state and some fluorine with simple anion on human,the authors have made a conclusion that the complex ion and organic fluorine have negative effects on human,which has provided a clue for further study on the pathogenesis of endemic fluorosis. 1fig. ,3tabs. ,30refs.

Locating in the middle of Tongxu swell, the Tongxu county is geologically favorable of geothermay which has a geothermal gradient of 3.2-3.8℃/100m and a temperature of 48-54℃ at a depth of 1000m. The main geothermal reservoirs including pore reservoir of Minghua town groupe and Guantao groupe of Neogene system as well as the karst-fracture reservoir of Cambrian-Ordovician system. The reservoir formation can be divided into three types of solo layer, double layer and multiple layers. The main geothermal fluent is the precipitated sedimentary water. The research area is a large-sized geothermal field, of which each of the geothermal reservoirs has a different character. The author suggested in the paper that when the geothermal is developed, different uses should be made according to the different temperature and quality, while the ratio of heating and agriculture should be increased. The target layer is the carbonate burial hill reservoir of Cambrian-Ordovician system.

河南省是矿产资源大省,长期的矿产资源开发造成了种类多、危害程度大的矿山地质环境问题。文章以全省矿山环境地质问题为主,兼顾地质环境背景、矿山开采活动,选取崩塌、滑坡、地面沉陷等17个评价因子,利用聚类分析和神经网络等定量分析和定性分析相结合的方法,对全省的矿山环境地质进行了综合评价分区。

The stockpile status,the environmental geology problems and the comprehensive utilization status of coal gangue in Henna province are analyzed.A series of scientific and high performance methods are put up to the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue.

In light of the status of the geological hazards in Xichuan County and the related geological environment,the distribution of the geological hazards are discussed in this paper.The geological hazards are controlled by the land relief and topography,and are subjected to the lithologic characters of the stratum and the engineering geologic properties.The frequency of the geologic hazards occurrences with the annual rainfall.And the intensity of the geological hazard is controlled by the regional human activities.According to the research on the relationship between geologic hazards and geological structures,it is suggest that the geological hazard distributes along the strike of the fault,and occurs frequently in the fault-abundant and fault-across zones,or along the margin of the fault basins.

The Yellow River-Crossing project plays a decisive role in the national key project“South-to-North Water Diversion”.During construc- tion,the unstable loess high slopes might produce geological hazards like collapses,landslides,liquefaction,loess collapses,cave-in caused by sub-erosion,uneven subsidence and land fissures,which might threaten the project.Proper measures should be taken to cope with different geo- logical hazards.

In this paper the conceptual model of "duality" water irruption has been established in the Bauxite Aluminium ore in Jiagou,Henan,which indicates that the sources of the inrush water come from two different( )seepage fields: the seepage field of Carboniferous(C_3) aquifers above the Aluminium ore and the seepage field of Ordovician(O_2) and Cambrian(∈_(2+3)) aquifers below the Aluminium ore.For the former,the force source of water irruption is the gravitational force of groundwater.The water irruption routes pass through cranny or karst caverns and the type of water inrush is the direct irruption.For the latter,the force source of water irruption is the upward pressure caused by high-pressure head under the Aluminium ore.The routes of water irruption pass through various primary and secondary crevices and the type of water inrush is the indirect irruption.The countermeasures against the "duality" water irruption were proven."Parallel drainage" method as the major measure to exploitation of the ore in the future and reserving a natural aquifuge located under the C_2 aquifer to prevent water inrush were put forward.