以橄榄核为研究对象,通过单因素和正交试验优化了微波萃取橄榄核油的工艺条件,然后利用硅胶柱净化橄榄核油中的角鲨烯,并通过高效液相色谱法检测其含量,同时考察其清除二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基的能力.结果表明:最优工艺条件为萃取温度50℃、料液比1:25(g/mL)、萃取时间9 min,在此条件下,橄榄核油的萃取率可达13.51％;橄榄核油中角鲨烯含量为35 mg/100 g;角鲨烯提取物清除DPPH自由基能力优于维生素E,且低质量浓度下优于维生素C.

以橄榄果肉为原料,采用GB/T5009.124—2016方法测定17种游离氨基酸,用气相色谱-质谱联用法测其香气成分,并采用单因素及响应面法优化微波辅助提取橄榄果肉总黄酮工艺.结果表明:橄榄果肉含12种氨基酸,其总量为0.496g/100g;香气成分共鉴定出36种,主要是烯类、酯类、醇类、酚类、酮类、苯类及萘类化合物,而烯类化合物是最主要香气成分,有24种,相对含量占94.36％,其中属石竹烯含量最高(37.68％),具有似丁香的木香味;在固定条件(微波功率500W,提取温度60℃,提取2次)下,最佳总黄酮提取工艺参数为:液料比25mL/g,提取时间21min,乙醇体积分数为48％,此时总黄酮提取率为3.23％,与模型预测值3.27％接近,模型有效.

目的:本文以油茶果壳为原料,得到油茶果壳纤维素提取的最佳工艺条件,为油茶果壳综合开发提供理论依据及数据参考.方法:采用碱液预处理,再用一定比例的硝酸-乙醇溶液处理,在单因素实验的基础上,通过响应面法设计实验优化纤维素提取的工艺条件.结果:油茶果壳纤维素提取的优化工艺的条件为温度为81℃,固液比为1∶12,处理时间为93 min,所得产品纤维素提取率最高,此时油茶果壳纤维素含量为(32.79±0.12)％.结论:方差分析结果表明,所选模型具有显著性(p＜0.05),相关系数R2=0.9282,验证试验纤维素的提取率为(3279±0.12)％,与预测值32.91％的误差仅为0.36％,证明所得模型可信,优化工艺参数切实可行,红外光谱(FTIR)表征了提取的油茶壳纤维素的结构,表征结果表明提取的油茶果壳纤维素与纤维素标准物结构基本一致.

目的:本文以油茶果壳为原料,利用产朊假丝酵母发酵油茶果壳木糖水解液制备木糖醇,得到产朊假丝酵母发酵油茶果壳木糖水解液制备木糖醇的最佳工艺条件,为油茶果壳综合开发提供理论依据及数据参考.方法:采用稀硫酸水解油茶果壳半纤维素,利用Ca(OH)2和活性炭对水解液进行脱色脱毒,再利用产朊假丝酵母发酵水解液制备木糖醇,在单因素实验的基础上,通过响应面法设计实验优化油茶果壳木糖水解液制备木糖醇的工艺条件.结果:最佳优化结果为:初始pH值5.68,发酵温度28℃,装液量53.88 mL,接种量为10％,木糖醇得率优化值为(16.56±0.25)％.结论:方差分析结果表明,所选模型具有显著性(p＜0.05),相关系数R2=0.9523,验证试验木糖醇得率为(16.56±0.25)％,与预测值16.81％的误差仅为1.48％,证明所得模型可信,优化工艺参数切实可行.

以黄金、满天星、紫香3种百香果为研究对象,分析3种果实的氨基酸与挥发性香气成分,及其冷藏和常温耐贮性.结果表明:游离氨基酸总含量大小顺序为紫香(0.514 g/100g)＞满天星(0.477 g/100g)＞黄金(0.226 g/100g);挥发性香气成分主要是酯类、醇类、酮类、萜烯类和醛类,其中酯类为主要挥发性香气成分,分别占黄金、满天星和紫香百香果总数的61.11％、62.06％和69.38％,其次是醇类,分别占总数的24.07％、22.41％和16.32％;常温下紫香比黄金和满天星百香果更耐贮藏,而低温条件下黄金比紫香和满天星百香果更耐贮藏;与常温贮藏条件相比,低温贮藏均减缓了果实质量损失率的上升,推迟了果实后熟而发生的果皮颜色变化,延长贮藏寿命.

以"储良"龙眼为原料,采用超声波和微波-超声波方法对龙眼肉多糖进行了提取,粗提液分别用Sevag,TCA,Prota-max酶-Sevag方法进行蛋白质去除、纯化,随后多糖提取物通过DEAE52-纤维素纯化、硫酸水解,最后利用HPLC分析单糖组成.结果表明,微波-超声波提取浸提率是超声波提取的1.26倍;Protamax酶-Sevag法去除蛋白效率最高;粗提物纯化水解后得到3个糖化合物,组分1是由甘露糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖醛酸、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖组成的酸性杂多糖,组分2由半乳糖醛酸、半乳糖、葡萄糖组成的酸性杂多糖,组分3则为糖和蛋白质的复合物.

以荔枝果核为材料,考察萃取压力、萃取温度、解析温度对超临界CO2流体萃取荔枝果核精油提取量的影响.在此基础上,利用响应面优化果核精油提取的最佳工艺为萃取压力20.09 MPa、萃取温度41.50℃、解析温度45.03℃,此时精油提取量的最大值为1.34 g,提取率为2.68％.同时利用气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS)对精油成分进行初步的定性和定量分析,发现其含有26种化合物,主要成分为醇、脂肪酸、酯、烷烃类及烯类化合物,其中醇类、烯烃类化合物是其主要成分,含量分别约为45％、25％.

果实生长发育及成熟过程中伴随一系列的生理生化变化,其中淀粉降解为可溶性糖是跃变型果实最主要转变之一.在果实未启动成熟前,淀粉作为贮藏能量物质保存在组织细胞中.进入果实发育后期,在成熟启动因子的作用下,淀粉被降解,转化成可溶性糖,使鲜食水果的可溶性固形物急剧增加,从不适宜食用状态转为可食用状态,这个过程涉及大量转录因子变化、关键酶转录以及基因翻译后的蛋白水平的修饰等.对4种常见高淀粉水果中淀粉降解的研究现状进行综述,介绍淀粉降解参与的酶基因及其存在的调控因子,以了解果实成熟过程中淀粉降解的特点,为今后果实淀粉代谢基础研究提供理论依据和研究方向.

目前,国内针对沙氏外硫红螺菌的研究鲜见报道.为了挖掘功能光合细菌新菌源,从茂名水东湾红树林潮间带泥样分离到1株能以硫化物作为电子供体营光合自养作用的紫色光合细菌HBL-1.根据菌株的形态、细胞色素光吸收特征及自动微生物鉴定系统检测的碳源利用结果,结合系统发育分析,鉴定该菌为沙氏外硫红螺菌(Ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovii).该菌培养条件粗放,尤其在偏碱性、含盐、光照微氧条件下生长最快;该菌能耐受较高浓度的Na2S,在Na2S初始浓度为227.6 mg/L时,培养6d后,N赴S转化率达到66.9％.结果表明该菌在水质净化方面显示较好的应用前景.

The effect of the ultrasound-microwave synergistic method on the extraction ratio of total flavone from longan shell was studied and the extraction conditions were optimized by using response surface analysis method.The results showed that the optimum conditions for extracting total flavone were:ultrasonic power 100 W,ratio of liquid to solid material 29.2∶1 mL/g,ethanol concentration 50％,extraction temperature 57 ℃,and extraction time 5 min.Under this condition,the extraction rate of total flavone was 3.06％.Compared with ultrasound-or microwave-extraction method,this one was more timesaving and had higher extraction rate,which was suitable for extracting flavonoids from longan shell.

以大蒜、绿豆、土豆为原料,比较了这3种植物源SOD的含量及活力,依次采用硫酸铵分级沉淀、透析、DEAE-纤维素柱层析方法进行了分离纯化,并分析了其纯化效果.结果表明:绿豆SOD含量最高,其质量浓度可达到0.108 mg/mL;大蒜和土豆的SOD含量相差不大,但大蒜的最终比活力最高,可达到445.93 U/mg,而绿豆的最终比活力最低.纯化产品经PAGE电泳分析,三者SOD相对分子质量分别为29512、30199和30903,因此可判断这三种植物源SOD类型可能为Cu/Zn-SOD.

目的:采用在线凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱-质谱联用(GPC-GC/MS)技术分析鉴定化橘红花、果和叶的挥发油成分.方法:通过无水乙醇超声辅助提取化橘红花、果和叶中的化学成分,运用GPC-GC/MS技术对其成分进行分离鉴定,用峰面积归一化法进行定量分析.结果:花中共分离出75种成分,鉴定出其中的38种,主要成分是:β-蒎烯(6.27％)、β-月桂烯(14.46％)、γ-萜品烯(7.52％)、橙花叔醇(19.57％)和法尼醇(13.99％);果中共分离出71种成分,鉴定出其中的36种,主要成分是:β-月桂烯(24.35％)、γ-萜品烯(20.70％)和大根香叶烯D(18.46％);叶中共分离出70种成分,鉴定出其中的40种,主要有β-蒎烯(8.27％)、β-月桂烯(10.31％)、γ-萜品烯(8.76％)、补骨脂素(6.75％)和角鲨烯(8.14％).结论:花、果和叶中有26种相同的挥发油成分,花中橙花叔醇和法尼醇相对含量较大,而果和叶中含量少或检测不到;果中大根香叶烯D的含量较大,而花中含量很少;在叶中首次鉴定了补骨脂素和角鲨烯.

本研究采用水提醇沉法、超声波提取法和微波提取法3种方法提取信宜大果山楂中的多糖成分,用正交法优化工艺.其中,水提醇沉法效率最高,多糖的提取率可达9.73%.大果山楂粗多糖经过脱蛋白和透析处理后,用Sephadex G-75凝胶柱层析纯化,得到单一组分,该组分有单一的示差峰和一个显著的紫外吸收峰,且保留时间基本一致,推测该组分是糖蛋白复合物.对该组分进行红外光谱分析,具有多糖和蛋白质的特征吸收峰,初步确定多糖结构是β型吡喃糖苷键构型.

The quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) between molecular structures and antibacterial activity of fumaric acid esters was studied using the density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP functional at the level of 6-311++G(d) basis set. The energy of the highest occupied molecular orbitalEHOMO,the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitalELUMO,the difference of energyΔE,the dipole momentμ,the zero-point energy (ZPE) and the average molecular polarizability (p) were selected as the structural descriptors. The geometries and the QSAR model of the samples were optimized and the stable complexes were obtained. The stability and predictive ability of the model were examined by the “leave-one-out” cross-validation method.The results suggest that the dipole momentμ,ΔE and zero-point energy are the predominant factors affecting the antibacterial activity againstB. subtilis. The antifungal activity increases with the increase ofΔE andμ. The obtained QSAR model has a good stability and predictive ability for such inhibitors.

In this paper we explore the effects of 1 - methylcyclopropene (1 -MCP) together with PE film treatment on passion fruit at room temperature ,and analyze the changes of weight loss rate ,soluble solids ,the content of vitamin C and its texture characteristic changes of samples during shelf life .Results show that after the treatment of 1 .0 μL/L 1 -MCP combined with PE film ,the weightlessness rate of sam-ple is 0 .39% ,soluble solids content is 7 .00 % ,the content of Vc is 28 mg/100 g ,the hardness and viscosity are respectively 800 g and 90 g/s ,and the quality of fruits in the end of shelf life is significantly higher than that of control group .Therefore 1 .0 μL/L 1 -MCP together with PE film treatment can effectively inhibit fruit metabolism ,regulate these physiological changes related to the aging process ,and play a better role in preservation .

为了更好地培养适合社会需求的创新型人才，在生物化学实践教学改革中尝试建立将生物化学实践教学与指导教师的科研课题研究相结合、与各类创新培养训练项目相结合、与各类课外学术竞赛活动相结合的三结合机制。旨在寻求一套崭新的生物化学实践教学模式，培养学生的创新能力，更好地满足社会对现代应用型人才的需求。

为适应地方高校转型发展,以广东高校果蔬加工与贮藏工程技术开发中心为例,介绍了通过加强科研平台科学管理以促进平台的良性运转和发展的探索与实践,并构建出一种以产学研合作材料供应链和信息化管理模式来保证平台全方位开放的新管理机制,提高科研平台的管理水平,使平台成为学科建设、大学生科技创新及专业技能训练的多功能平台.

In order to make biotechnology students to better engage in scientific research or technological development of medicine , food, environmental protection and agriculture , etc., validation experimental projects was simplified and ratio of designed and comprehensive experiments was increased , to optimize the experimental and practical teaching resources , and to build the different types of practice teaching platform .To take advantage of off-campus training base to expand the practice of teaching space , a new model of teaching practice and practice teaching system was built . After exploration and practice , students’practical ability and the ability were improved to adapt to society , employment opportunities for students were increased .

Longyan processing will produce large amount of waste material to lead to severe resource waste and environment pollution. The paper firstly summarized current research and utilization situation of waste material in longan processing based on abundant nutritional and active compound in longyan peel and core. Meanwhile,waste material such as longan peel and longan core as well as its active compound has huge potential in the area of food development,medicine and forage production,and the discussion is carried out of their application situation in these area. Eventually,the paper discussed the huge application prospect of waste material in longan processing and its active compound.

主要对反丁烯二酸酯类化合物的抑菌性能与分子结构之间的关系进行分析,重点探讨了此类抑菌剂分子结构与抑菌活性之间定量构效关系及其改性化合物的抑菌活性,旨在为新型的反丁烯二酸酯类防腐剂的开发及其应用提供参考.