文章围绕《无机化学》教学过程中学生自主学习激励机制的必要性和如何建立自主学习机制两个方面展开讨论,以在《无机化学》教学中应用"学生自主学习激励机制"的教学模式为案例,提出在了解教情和学情的前提下,构建以学生为主体的"自主学习激励机制"的五个要点,以便提升学生学习的主观能动性.

The teaching reform and practice on Analytical Chemistry Experiment under the background of mobile Internet was expounded, and micro-lesson, flipped classroom, PBL（Problem-based Learning） and other teaching methods were introduced by using mobile Internet platform, namely the practice of online and offline mixed teaching mode of “Internet+education”. The reform thinking taking students as the center, and independent explorating the target problem was construsted. Taking Analytical Chemistry Experiment course as an example, online and offline were mixed, inside and outside classroom were linked, the evaluation mechanism of the course was completed, the teaching efficiency was improved, and a foundation was laid for the realization of innovative talent training.

基于目标问题导向,对课程思政教学改革进行研究.从教学理念的更新、教学内容的设计、教学方法的变化这几方面展开分析,并以分析化学第四章强碱滴定强酸为例进行课程思政教学模式探索.为了使课程思政更好地融入到各类专业课程之间,教师要坚持以目标问题为导向,更新教学理念,构建以学生为主体的新型教学模式,转变教学方式,实现立德树人润物无声的教育目标.

目的:本文以油茶果壳为原料,得到油茶果壳纤维素提取的最佳工艺条件,为油茶果壳综合开发提供理论依据及数据参考.方法:采用碱液预处理,再用一定比例的硝酸-乙醇溶液处理,在单因素实验的基础上,通过响应面法设计实验优化纤维素提取的工艺条件.结果:油茶果壳纤维素提取的优化工艺的条件为温度为81℃,固液比为1∶12,处理时间为93 min,所得产品纤维素提取率最高,此时油茶果壳纤维素含量为(32.79±0.12)％.结论:方差分析结果表明,所选模型具有显著性(p＜0.05),相关系数R2=0.9282,验证试验纤维素的提取率为(3279±0.12)％,与预测值32.91％的误差仅为0.36％,证明所得模型可信,优化工艺参数切实可行,红外光谱(FTIR)表征了提取的油茶壳纤维素的结构,表征结果表明提取的油茶果壳纤维素与纤维素标准物结构基本一致.

目的:本文以油茶果壳为原料,利用产朊假丝酵母发酵油茶果壳木糖水解液制备木糖醇,得到产朊假丝酵母发酵油茶果壳木糖水解液制备木糖醇的最佳工艺条件,为油茶果壳综合开发提供理论依据及数据参考.方法:采用稀硫酸水解油茶果壳半纤维素,利用Ca(OH)2和活性炭对水解液进行脱色脱毒,再利用产朊假丝酵母发酵水解液制备木糖醇,在单因素实验的基础上,通过响应面法设计实验优化油茶果壳木糖水解液制备木糖醇的工艺条件.结果:最佳优化结果为:初始pH值5.68,发酵温度28℃,装液量53.88 mL,接种量为10％,木糖醇得率优化值为(16.56±0.25)％.结论:方差分析结果表明,所选模型具有显著性(p＜0.05),相关系数R2=0.9523,验证试验木糖醇得率为(16.56±0.25)％,与预测值16.81％的误差仅为1.48％,证明所得模型可信,优化工艺参数切实可行.

研究低分辩率核磁法测定等规度,试验了测量时恒温的温度和时间、样品的用量、不同的样品管等对等规度测定的影响,结果 表明:恒温的温度为40 ℃、恒温时间30分钟、样品用量为4.9～5.1 g时,等规度的测量结果 比较接近萃取重量法的测定值,不同的装样管对等规度的测定没有影响.在此条件下,与萃取重量法比较,相对误差小于0.29％,相对标准偏差小于0.22％,体现了较好的准确度稳定性.且具有分析时间短,没有二次污染等优点.

Zeolites were synthesized by NaOH fusion-hydrothermal synthesis under different conditions with oil shale ash as raw material.The morphology,surface structure and average pore size of product were characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and surface area analyzer.Its adsorption ability to Cr(Ⅵ)was also studied.The experimental results showed that the best adsorption effect of Cr(Ⅵ) can be obtained when the mass fraction of sodium hydroxide to shale ash was 2∶1,n (H2O) ∶n (Na2O) =40 and crystallization of zeolite after aging 6 h at room temperature.The results of SEM and BET indicated that under those conditions,the surface of the zeolite was looser and there were more channels.Therefore,it made its adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) easier.This adsorption process was in conformity with the isothermal adsorption equation of Freundlich.

利用聚二烯二甲基丙基氯化铵(PDMDAAC)对油页岩灰渣进行了改性,并将其用于模拟含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的吸附.对改性前后的油页岩灰渣进行了表征.结果表明,改性后油页岩灰渣的BET比表面积增大(为50.75 m2/g),可为Cr(Ⅵ)提供大量的吸附位点.当Cr(Ⅵ)的质量浓度为20 mg/L时,改性油页岩灰渣在常温和振摇转速180 r/min条件下,综合优化吸附条件为:吸附时间30 min,体系pH为5.0,吸附剂投加量20 g/L,在此条件下Cr(Ⅵ)去除率达到95.77％.改性油页岩灰渣对水中Cr(Ⅵ)离子的吸附作用符合准2级动力学模型;相比于Langmuir方程,其吸附等温模型更符合Freundlich吸附模型,且吸附过程可能受2个或多个速控步骤控制.

In this paper,four helpfully microelements to human body,including Ca,Mg,Cu and Zn in astragalus mongholicus which was produced in Shanxi,Gansu and Inner Mongolia was determines by flame atomic absorption determination (FAAS).The determination experimental result show that the Ca,Mg,Cu and Zn were rich in astragalus mongholicus.In the three kinds of astragalus mongholicus,the Ca,Mg content is quite high,but Cu,Zn content is low.The experimental method recoveries were 97.0％～104.0％,it shows that the experimental data and the result are reliable.

We present a metal-free method for α-acetoxyarone synthesis by self-intermolecular oxidative coupling of aryl ketones using I2−tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). Under the optimum conditions, various aryl ketones gave the corresponding products in moderate to excellent yields. A series of control experiments were performed; the results suggest the involvement of radical pathways. Multiple radical intermediates were generated in situ and the overall process involved several different reactions, which proceeded self-sequentially in a single reactor. A labeling experiment using 18O-labeled H2O confirmed that the oxygen in the product was derived from TBHP, not from H2O in the TBHP solvent.

Using the oil shale ash as the raw material,poly aluminium chloride (PAC) is prepared.The waste-water containing chromium is treated by the self-made PAC.The influence of polymerization temperature,the aging time and pH in the removal rate of Cr6+ was investigated.The result showed that the optimal reaction conditions are obtained as follows:when the cross-linking temperature of the PAC is 50 ℃,the aging time of the PAC is 4.0 h and pH value is 3.0,the purification rate of Cr(Ⅵ) reaches 98.86％.

以广东省茂名市油页岩灰渣为原料,采用碱溶法制备白炭黑,考察了碱溶条件对白炭黑产率的影响.结果表明,碱溶法制取白炭黑的碱溶最佳工艺为:c(氢氧化钠)=4 mol/L,n(氢氧化钠)/n(二氧化硅)=5∶1,碱溶温度为110℃,碱溶时间为4h,焙烧温度为750℃,焙烧时间为2.5 h.在最佳条件下制备的产品,白炭黑的产率为81.49％、白度为98.1％.对白炭黑进行了FT-IR表征及性能测试,所制白炭黑符合化工行业标准(HG/T 3061-2009)的要求.

以油页岩灰渣为原料,采用酸法制备聚合氯化铝,考察了酸溶条件对产品的铝浸出率与盐基度的影响.制备聚合氯化铝的最佳酸溶条件为:酸的质量分数22％,酸量比n(Al2O3)/n(HCl)为1∶13,酸溶温度125℃,酸溶时间3h.此条件下,铝浸出率为73.65％,制备的液体聚合氯化铝的盐基度为77.51％.所制聚合氯化铝符合国家标准(GB 15892-2003)中Ⅰ类液体一等品标准.

以广东省茂名市油页岩灰渣为原料,用碱法制备聚氯化铝（PAC）,考察了酸溶条件对产品的铝浸出率与盐基度的影响。结果表明,以油页岩灰渣制备聚氯化铝的最佳酸溶条件为:酸的质量分数为12%,酸量比n（HCl）∶n（Al2O3）=10,酸溶温度为110℃,酸溶时间为3 h。此条件下,铝浸出率为62.92%,聚合氯化铝的盐基度为82.25%。

A nickel-catalyzed intermolecular condensation of b-ketobutylanilides to synthesize multi-substituted pyri-din-2(3H)-ones was described. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report on the synthesis of these compounds. All the tested substrates with various functional groups irrespective of their nature, whether electron-donating or -withdrawing, and the location of the substituents on the aromatic rings, were all tolerated under the standard conditions and smoothly transformed into the desired products with 71%-86% yields. This strategy provides an efficient approach to valuable pyridin-2(3H)-ones via a se-quential dehydration processes which may find applications in natural products and medicinal chemistry.

本文介绍了油页岩及其灰渣的成分,重点对油页岩灰渣的综合利用进行了综述,包括油页岩渣在制备建筑材料、精细化工产品、农业肥料和废气和废水处理等领域的研究现状和前景.

油页岩灰渣主要通过离子交换和表面吸附作用对金属离子有较好的吸附功能.实验采用PDMDAAC(聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵)对油页岩灰渣进行改性,通过对水中的铬离子的吸附效果来确定最佳改性条件.结果表明,在改性剂PDMDAAC浓度为5g·L-1,50℃下改性40min的油页岩灰渣对铬离子的吸附效果最好.

以茂名油页岩灰渣为原料,采用酸法制备白炭黑,考察了碱浸条件对二氧化硅产率的影响.实验得到制取白炭黑的最佳碱浸工艺:碱浓度为3 mol/L、碱用量(氢氧化钠与二氧化硅的物质的量比)为4∶1、碱浸时间为4.0h、碱浸温度为90℃.在最佳条件下,白炭黑的产率为63.79％,粒径为54 nm.制得的白炭黑符合HG/T 3061-1999《橡胶配合剂沉淀水合二氧化硅技术条件》的要求.

Crude oil was chose as response substance in order to study the factors influence oil degradation rate by white-rot fungit.The factors including the moisturecontentof soil,the oil content of soil,the rotation speed,the concentration of Tween80 and the concentration of veratryl alcohol.The moisture content,oil content,Tween80 in response to the test were filtered out as the factors by response surface method.The experiment used Design Ex-pert to do the response surface optimization experiment.The results showed that within the scope of the levels of three factors,the impact on the oil degradation rate as follows: oil content moisture content Tween80,moisture content and oil content of interaction has obvious impact on oil degradation rate in the soil.Then through the re-sponse surface method,the optimized conditions obtained were : moisture content 57 %,oil content 8.42 % and Tween80 3.86 CMC,the degradation rate of petroleum can reach to 60.93 %.The confirmatory experiment has found out that the actual degradation rate of petroleum is 58.68 %,which has reached 97.73 % of the predicted value.