肌筋膜炎是一组发生于肌肉和筋膜的慢性疼痛综合征,其发病率逐年上升,且复发率高,但发病机制及诊断标准仍不明确,因此临床诊治效果并不理想.因此,本文将对发病机制、诊断要点、治疗方案等方面的最近研究进行阐述,以期能提高肌筋膜炎的临床诊治水平.

目的:针对血管新生类疾病,研制与色素上皮源因子(PEDF)具有最大结合率的多聚体超声微泡,并明确其理化特性.方法:首先应用声空化方法制备多聚体超声微泡;然后将PEDF按浓度分为0.4、2.0、10.0和50.0μg/mL组,应用跨膜按梯度法包裹入脂质体,使其与超声微泡结合,进而置于荧光显微镜下观察.应用流式细胞仪检测PEDF与超声微泡的最大结合率,采用荧光分光光度法测定载药超声微泡的包封率及体外释药特性.结果:成功制备了与PEDF最大结合率为(96.14±1.21)％的多聚体超声微泡.脂质体对PEDF的包封率约为(79.20±2.31)％,体外释放浓度于微泡击破后1 min内达到峰值,持续释放10 min后浓度显著减低.结论:与PEDF具有较高结合率的多聚体超声微泡可以作为合适的药物载体,靶向治疗血管新生类疾病.

目的 分析肝癌患者血清中同源异型转录因子SIX1、SIX2表达量,探讨SIX1、SIX2在此类患者中的临床意义.方法 收集新疆军区总医院2016年1月～2017年12月确诊的肝癌患者131例,再随机选择50例健康体检者做为对照.采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定肝癌患者和对照组血清SIX1、SIX2表达水平.结果 肝癌组患者的转录因子SIX1、SIX2水平明显高于健康体检组(P＜ 0.01).肝癌患者血清中SIX1、S1X2表达水平与性别、肿瘤大小、肝硬化、乙肝病毒感染、甲胎蛋白无关(P＞0.05),SIX1、SIX2均与肿瘤个数、TNM分期和预后有关(P＜0.05),SIX2与肝癌门静脉癌栓有关(P＜ 0.01)而SIX1与此无关(P＞0.05).结论 转录因子SIX1和SIX2在肝癌患者血清中较正常人群高表达,与患者预后的有关,并且血清中高SIX2表达可能与肝癌患者门静脉癌栓形成有关.

目的 探讨医学影像设备维保的相关模式,为医院医学影像设备正常运行提供依据.方法 将同组设备同周期长度的不同时间段作为研究对象,分为对照组和观察组,对照组采用常规方法维保,观察组制定干预措施进行维保.统计并记录两组医学影像设备运行情况,提取四类医学影像设备(计算机X射线断层扫描、数字X射线摄影、数字减影血管造影、磁共振成像)的对比项:开机时间,检查次数,维修次数,故障停机天数,是否当天修好,每台月收入、支出及利润,比较两组医学影像设备运行及经济效益.结果 观察组与对照组设备每月开机时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组设备检查次数、每台阳性结果检出次数,均多于对照组设备(P<0.05);观察组设备维修次数、故障停机天数,均少于对照组设备(P<0.05);观察组与对照组设备是否当天修好差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组与对照组设备支出差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组设备收入、每台利润,均高于对照组(P<0.05).结论 查阅医院影像设备历年维修情况,针对前期维修中存在的问题制定有效的干预措施能提高医学影像设备运行效率,降低维修次数,获得良好的经济效益,值得推广应用.

介绍了某院S2001型野战车载X射线机的特点和使用现状,分析了该设备立柱单元出现的2例故障的原因,并结合工作原理给出了具体的故障排除方法,指出了设备日常保养和定期检查的重要性,为其他维修人员排除类似故障提供了参考.

在数字化医学影像设备移机工作中,价格昂贵的悬吊单元重量体积较大,因此成为移机工作的重要环节.在对不同机型悬吊单元拆装过程问题总结分析的基础上,本研究详细介绍了使用棘轮拉紧器进行拆卸的方法和步骤,从而避免传统人工搬运的不安全、不可靠因素,进而节省大量人物力和资金,为同行提供有效的移机参考.

High-altitude stress ulcer (HSU) has constantly been a formidable clinical challenge for high-altitude and severe hypoxia. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) have been verified to have the ability to penetrate tissues, and the biological effects have been confirmed effective on various tissue restorations. However, the therapeutic effect of PEMFs on HSU has been rarely reported. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PEMFs on HSU healing systematically. Sprague–Dawley rats were assigned to control, HSU, and HSU+PEMF groups. The HSU models were induced by restraint stress under low-pressure hypoxia. The HSU+PEMF group was subjected to PEMF exposure. During the HSU healing, gastric juice pH values, ulcer index (UI), and histopathologic changes were investigated. Furthermore, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was determined to analyze the severity of gastric membrane inflammations. Norepinephrine (NE), which influences gastric acid secretion, was measured. Results indicated the UI of the HSU+PEMF decreased faster than that of the HSU group. Histopathologic observation suggested that the ulcer tissue healing is faster in the HSU+PEMF group than in the HSU group. The TNF-α/total protein results revealed that the inflammation of the HSU+PEMF group is suppressed effectively. The pH values are higher in the HSU+PEMF group than in the HSU, as confirmed by NE examination. The results indicated that low-frequency PEMFs can penetrate stomach tissues to relieve the symptoms of HSU and promote the regeneration of disturbed tissues, thus implying the clinical potential of PEMF therapy for HSU treatment.

Objective To determine non-thermal biological effect of low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (LFPEF)on the stomach blood circulation and ultra microstructure of rat stress ulcer. Methods Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to three equal groups:control,ulcer without interference group(UW)and ulcer exposure groups(UE).The rats stress ulcer models were constructed with the combination method of soak and bind in the low-pressure and hypoxia circumstance. Based on the singlechip,a LFPEF generator with adjustable frequency, amplitude and duty ratio was developed. Then the stomachs of the rats were exposed to the LFPEF generator 3 hours per day.On days 1,3,5 and 7,the blood circulation of the stomach was analyzed by the content of the serum NO and contrast ultrasonography.In addition,the ulcer tissue was taken out for section-staining. Finally, the pathological change of the stomach ultra microstructure was observed under a light microscope. Results On different days, the contents of the serum NO and microbubble concentration of UE group were significantly higher than those of the UW group(P<0.05). The pathological observation showed that the restoration of the gastric tissue in UE group was faster than that in the UW group(P<0.05).Conclusion LFPEF with certain proper parameter could improve the gastric tissue blood circulation and accelerate the stress ulcer restoration. [Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2018,39(5):35-38]

Objective To determine the difference in blood microcirculation recovery between normal frostbite and high-altitude frostbite during the wound healing.Methods Twenty four male rats were randomly divided into control group (n=8), normal frostbite group (n=8), and high-altitude group (n=8). The normal frostbite group rats were frozen to produce mid-degree frostbite models by controlling the freezing time with liquid nitrogen penetration equipment. The high-altitude frostbite group rats were acclimated to a hypoxic and low-pressure environment for 1 week, and then the high-altitude frostbite models were constructed by the same way with liquid nitrogen penetration apparatus. On days 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, and 23 after modeling, the recovery situation of blood circulation of each group was observed with contrast ultrasonography by injecting SonoVue micro-bubble into rats' tail. Finally, the micro-bubble concentration (MC) was calculated to confirm the blood circulation recovery with software Image Pro. ResultsAt different time points, the wound area of the high-altitude frostbite group was bigger than that of the normal frostbite group, and the MC of control group was always about (27±0.2)×109/ml. On day 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, and 23, the MC was significantly lower in the high-altitude frostbite group than in the control group and normal frostbite group (P<0.05). The MC of normal frostbite group was significantly lower than that of the control group on day 3, 7, 11, 15 and 19 (P<0.05). In addition, no obvious difference in MC was found between normal group and control group on the 23th day (P<0.05).Conclusion The blood microcirculation recovery after high-altitude frostbite is significantly slower than the normal frostbite.

Plateau frostbite (PF) treatments have remained a clinical challenge because this condition injures tissues in deep layers and affected tissues exhibit unique pathological characteristics. For instance, low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) can affect tissue restoration and penetrate tissues. Therefore, the effect of PEMF on PF healing should be investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low-frequency PEMF on PF healing systematically. Ninety-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and equally divided into three groups: normal control, partial thickness plateau frostbite (PTPF), and PTPF with low-frequency PEMF exposure (PTPF + PEMF). PTPF wounds were induced in the dorsum of the rats. The PTPF + PEMF group was exposed to low-frequency PEMF daily. During PF healing, wound microcirculation in each group was monitored through contrast ultrasonography. Wound appearance, histological observation, and wound tensile strength were also evaluated. Results showed that the rate of the microcirculation restoration of the PTPF + PEMF group was nearly 25% faster than that of the PTPF group, and wound appearance suggested that the healing of the PTPF group was slower than that of the PTPF + PEMF group. Histological observation revealed that PEMF accelerated the growth of different deep tissues, as confirmed by tensile strength examination. Low-frequency PEMF could penetrate PF tissues, promote their restoration, and provide a beneficial effect on PF healing. Therefore, this technique may be a potential alternative to treat PF.

ObjectivesThe poor safety profile of sunitinib capsules has encouraged the identification of targeted drug delivery systems against renal cell carcinoma. This study aimed to explore the effect of sunitinib‐loaded microbubbles along with ultrasound (US) treatment on proliferation and apoptosis of human GRC‐1 granulocyte renal carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo (xenograft tumor growth in nude mice).MethodsLiposomes containing sunitinib were prepared by using the transmembrane ammonium sulfate gradient method and then absorbed into polymer microbubbles to generate sunitinib‐loaded microbubbles. Entrapment of sunitinib was verified by 25‐25‐[N‐[(7‐nitro‐2‐1,3‐benzoxadiazol‐4‐yl)methyl]amino]‐27‐norcholesterol staining. GRC‐1 cells were treated with microbubbles alone, liposomes alone, sunitinib alone, sunitinib‐loaded microbubbles without and with US, and no treatment (control). Cell survival and apoptosis were assessed at 12, 24, and 48 hours after treatment. Xenograft tumors were induced by implantation of GRC‐1 cells in nude mice. The animals with tumors were then randomly assigned to sunitinib alone, sunitinib‐loaded microbubbles − US, sunitinib‐loaded microbubbles + US, and no treatment (control; n = 10 per group). The tumor volumes were analyzed on the 7th, 15th, and 21st days.ResultsThe sunitinib entrapment efficiency in the liposomes was approximately 78%. The effective sunitinib concentration in each group was 0.1 μg/mL. The sunitinib‐loaded microbubble + US group showed a lower in vitro cell survival rate (P < .001) compared with the other groups. Greater in vivo inhibition of xenograft tumor growth was also observed in the sunitinib‐loaded microbubble + US group compared with the other groups.ConclusionsCombined sunitinib‐loaded microbubbles and US treatment significantly inhibits growth of renal carcinoma cells both in vitro and in vivo.

目的:研制空间聚焦和频率强度可调的低频脉冲电磁场(Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields,PEMF)发生装置.方法:采用以单片机STC89C52为基础的智能可调低频脉冲信号发生器产生不同频率占空比的低频脉冲信号;该信号经预放大滤波后,由PA19构成的功率放大电路进行放大,驱动后级可调空间聚焦电磁场发射架;PEMF强度和空间分布通过特斯拉计HT108进行测量.结果:PEMF发生装置能够产生频率0～2 kHz、占空比10％～80％和强度0～400 mT可调的PEMF,且空间聚焦效果明显.结论:PEMF发生装置具有输出PEMF各参数可调范围大、电磁场聚焦范围空间可调等优点,适合用于电磁场非热生物效应研究.

目的:研究评估20 Hz、25 mT低频脉冲电磁场(low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields,LFPEF)对高原冻伤伤口愈合过程中各组织层血液循环恢复情况的影响.方法:雄性SD大鼠24只,随机等分为3组:空白对照组(CG组)、高原冻伤组(PF组)和高原冻伤照射组(PF+LFPEF组).PF组和PF+LFPEF组大鼠缺氧习服1周后,采用液氮冻伤的方法构建中度冻伤模型.采用低频脉冲电磁场发生器产生20 Hz、25 mT低频脉冲电磁场对PF+LFPEF组进行照射治疗.于造模后第4、7、10、13、16、19、22d,采用超声微泡造影方法对各组大鼠冻伤伤口血液循环恢复情况进行观察检测,并计算对比各组冻伤部位微泡浓度.结果:在不同的时间点,PF+LFPEF组微泡浓度明显高于PF组,且在第22 d微泡浓度与CG组已无明显差别.结论:该低频脉冲电磁场能够有效促进高原冻伤血液循环的恢复和血管网络的形成.

OBJECTIVES:Pathophysiologic changes of frostbite have been postulated but rarely understood, especially the changes caused by chilly high altitude environment. Therefore, we investigated the pathophysiologic changes of high altitude frostbite (HAF) caused by cold and hypoxia.METHODS:Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups, namely, control, superficial HAF (S-HAF), partial-thickness HAF (PT-HAF), full-thickness HAF (FT-HAF), and partial-thickness normal frostbite (PT-NF) groups. The S-HAF, PT-HAF, and FT-HAF groups were fed under hypobaric hypoxic conditions simulating an altitude of 5000 m. Then, the PT-NF, S-HAF, PT-HAF, and FT-HAF models were constructed by controlling the duration of the direct freezing by liquid nitrogen. Animal vital signs were measured after the operation, and histopathologic changes were observed after routine hematoxylin and eosin staining. In addition, the microcirculation of frostbite tissues was monitored and compared by contrast ultrasonography during wound healing.RESULTS:The S-HAF, PT-HAF, and FT-HAF groups showed significant differences in the microcirculatory and histopathologic changes in the various tissue layers (P < .05). In addition, combined cold and hypoxia caused more damage to frostbite tissue than pure cold. The circulation recovery of HAF models was significantly slower relative to NF models (P < .05).CONCLUSIONS:A safe and reproducible HAF model was proposed. More important, pathophysiologic determination of HAF provided the foundation and potential for developing novel and effective frostbite therapies.

Objective]To construct the animal plateau frostbite (PF)models .[Methods]32 rats were randomly divided into in blank control group,Ⅰ plateau frostbite group,Ⅱ plateau frostbite group and Ⅲplateau frostbite group,8 rats in each group.A low-pressure composite cabin was used to simulate plateau en-vironment .After 2 weeks of hypoxia in rats,I to III degree plateau frostbite models were constructed by con-trolling the liquid nitrogen freezing time,and the control group was not treated.48 h after modeling in each group,ultrasonic imaging was conducted by the intravenous Sovovue on the frozen part of the body for blood microcirculation imaging,and the frostbite parts of tissues of rats in each group were stained by HE staining. The pathological changes of different degree frostbitten tissue were observed.[Results]Blocked blood flow of the three groups was significantly increased with the increased degree of frostbite on plateau frozen tissue (P<0.05);Ⅰ plateau frozen tissue shew epidermis injury with leakage of red blood cell;Ⅱ plateau frostbite in-jury was suffered to the deep dermis and muscle surface;Ⅲ degree of plateau frostbite destroyed the almost all the muscle layer (P <0.05).[Conclusion]Ⅰ~Ⅲ plateau frostbite models can be directly constructed by con-trolling the liquid nitrogen freezing time .This approach has strong operability.

Objective To reproduce the model of plateau hypoxia in different degrees in pregnant sheep by using hypobaric chamber for the evaluation of oxygenation status and oxidative damage in these models. Methods Twenty-four pregnant sheep conceived by successful artificial insemination were randomly divided into three groups (8 each): low altitude control group (LAC), mild hypoxia exposure group (MHE) and severe hypoxia exposure group (SHE). Sheep in the latter two groups were fed in hypobaric chamber, and the models were reproduced by adjusting the temperature, humidity, pressure and oxygen content simulating environment of different altitudes of northwest China. The degree of oxygenation, vital signs, behavior pattern and oxidative damage biomarkers were dynamically determined before modeling and 7, 15, 30, 90, 120 days after modeling, respectively. Results Thirty and 90 days after modeling, the arterial blood gas parameters of sheep in MHE and SHE group met the diagnostic criteria. Ninety days after modeling, the respiratory frequency decreased (P<0.05), the heart rate increased (P<0.05), and lassitude were found in MHE and SHE groups than in LAC group; the consumption of feeding decreased in SHE group than in MHE group (P<0.05). One hundred and twenty days after modeling, the CO and MDA increased significantly in MHE and SHE groups than those in LAC group (P<0.05), also in SHE group compared with that in MHE group (P<0.05). Conclusion Different degrees of hypoxia models of pregnant sheep have been successfully reproduced by using hypobaric chamber, and the results showed that the hypoxic environment in high altitude regions may cause oxidative stress injury of gestational sheep. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2015.05.05

Because of constant noise estimations, the speech enhancement of standard Wiener filters is poor under varied noise environments. In the present study, we propose an improved Wiener filter method for speech enhancement based on wavelet entropy. Wavelet entropy (WE) point detection can discriminate between speech activity segments and noise segments. This discrimination provides a basis through which noise can be estimated and updated accurately, leading to accurate a priori signal-to-noise ratios obtained from updated noise estimations, reduction of residual musical noise, and enhancement of speech signals degraded by non-uniform noise. Spectrogram comparisons of enhanced speech signals between the proposed WE Wiener filter and a standard Wiener filter show that the former is better at suppressing non-uniform noise than the later. Their perceptual evaluation of speech quality measures also show that the WE Wiener filter yields better enhanced speech quality than the standard Wiener filter.

Objective To design and complete low frequency pulsed signal generator with the frequency, duty cycle and amplitude independently adjustable. Methods The single chip system was designed to generate low frequency pulsed signals, and then the digital signals were converted into analogy signals through DAC0832 chip. Finally the analogy pulsed signals were filtered and amplified. The frequency, duty cycle and amplitude of the output pulsed signals could be adjusted by button. In addition, the parameters of the output signals could be displayed in real time by LCD1602 liquid crystal screen. Results The results of measurement of TEKTRONIX oscilloscope showed that the signals generator could output satisfied signals with frequency range between 0 and 2 k Hz, stepped by 0.5 Hz, duty cycle range from 10% to 80%, voltage range from 0 to 5 V. Conclusion The intelligent low frequency pulsed signals generator features compact structure,easy operation, especially can ensure the high precision and reliability of output signals.