教师是立校之本,兴教之源,优秀体育教师是学校体育的骨干与中坚力量.本文对优秀体育教师内涵及其对学校体育影响优势进行了探讨,并对如何发挥优秀体育教师的作用路径提出了建议:1.聚焦体育课堂:彰显教育家教书育人优势;2.拓展课外体育:展现运动家专业指导优势;3.辐射校外体育:发挥社会活动家组织优势;4.立足仁爱之心:渗透优秀教师独特人格魅力优势.

本文对体育教师专业培训现状、问题进行了探讨,并提出了体育教师培训高质量发展的策略:1.合理研制培训方案,精准对接教师需求;2.贯彻"以学员为主体"培训理念,提供训前选课培训方式;3.规范培训机构专业性,提升培训的实效性;4.创新培训方式和形式,倡导互动式培训;5.构建"培训、游学、休闲、互动"四位一体的培训模式.

运用文献资料、文本分析与逻辑分析等方法对"双减"政策与学校体育改革内在逻辑进行了思考,并对前人研究出现的问题进行了辨析.研究认为,前人研究出现的问题有:"双减"政策下的"学校体育"研究范畴过于宽泛;"双减"政策下的"体育教学"研究内容过于牵强;双减"背景下的校外体育机构难以关联学校体育;"双减"政策下的体育教师专业发展方向出现偏离;"双减"政策下的体育"家校社共育"实践研究缺乏.基于"双减"政策与学校体育改革内在逻辑与现存问题辨析,提出了"双减"政策促进学校体育改革"一体、二翼、六保障"的推进模式:以"五自主选择"为主体,谋求个性化发展;以"课外体育活动"与"校外体育培训"两个重点环节为二翼;以"转变校长观念、落实服务报酬、推进模式创新、规整外引培训、优化硬件资源、突破家校壁垒"为保障措施.

Based on the background of comprehensive implementation of core literacy in basic education, it is an important task of current physical education curriculum reform to explore the deep integration of core literacy and physical education classroom teaching. Through the way of communication between some colleges and universities and grass-roots expert meetings, this paper discusses the logic, ways and paths of integrating Physical Education and Health Curriculum Standard in Compulsory Education（2022） into classroom teaching from seven dimensions: internal logic, large unit physical education teaching, physical education classroom learning objectives, physical education teaching contents, physical education learning methods, digital technology integrating into classroom and physical education classroom learning evaluation. The research shows that: 1) Core literacy belongs to top-level design; classroom teaching belongs to bottom-level design, and the bridge between top-level design and bottom-level design is large unit teaching; 2) The design of large unit teaching directed at core literacy should reflect the integrity based on sports events, correctly understand the logical relationship between large unit teaching and class teaching, and combine students’ sports ability and learning foundation; 3)The writing of learning objectives in physical education classroom should take“sports ability, healthy behavior and sports moral character”as the first-level indicators, and further divide the second-level indicators according to the specific requirements of various aspects under the core literacy; 4) The integration of core literacy into physical education classroom learning content needs to be clear about the concept of goal leading content, the unitization and structure of physical education textbook content, the emphasis on highlighting a certain aspect of core literacy, and the combination of specific learning conditions and teaching needs; 5) To optimize three types of physical education learning methods: autonomous learning, inquiry learning and cooperative learning, we should clarify the relationship between different learning methods and the cultivation of core literacy in physical education and health courses, select learning methods according to the characteristics of teachers, students and textbooks, and focus on breaking through the difficulties of inquiry learning methods; 6) The application of digital technology in physical education classroom should clarify its orientation, deal with the relationship between digital information collection and subsequent utilization, pay attention to the cultivation of teachers’ ability to apply digital technology, and focus on the research of digital technology ethics; 7) The evaluation of physical education classroom learning based on core literacy should accurately match the class objectives, reflect the evaluation emphasis according to the content of teaching materials and the characteristics of students, and comprehensively consider the evaluation results of different subjects on physical education classroom learning.

Background:The primary purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between school-age children's fundamental movement skills (FMS), physical fitness levels, and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL); To explore the mediating role of physical fitness levels between school-age children's FMS and HRQoL. Methods:In the cross-sectional survey in 2021, 334 school-age children aged 6-10 (8.20 ± 1.16) were recruited from primary schools in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, China. Test of Gross Motor Development 2 (TGMD-2), National Standards for Students' Physical Health, and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory TM Version 4.0 (PedsQL™ 4.0) were used to investigate the FMS, physical fitness level, and HRQoL of school-age children. Hierarchical regression was used to analyze the relationship among FMS, physical fitness levels, and HRQoL. Bootstrap is used to evaluate the mediating role of physical fitness levels in the relationship between FMS and HRQoL. Results:The higher the FMS and physical fitness, the higher the school-age children's HRQoL, physical functioning, social functioning, and school functioning (r = 0.244-0.301, p < 0.01). In addition, developing children's FMS promotes physical fitness levels (r = 0.358, p < 0.01). The regression analysis results of controlling gender, age, and body mass index z (BMI-z) scores showed that FMS significantly positively predicted the physical functioning (β = 0.319, p < 0.01), social functioning (β = 0.425, p < 0.01), and school functioning (β = 0.333, p < 0.01) of school-age children. When the physical fitness level enters the regression equation, the absolute value of the regression coefficient of FMS decreases. However, it can still significantly predict the physical functioning (β = 0.211, p < 0.01) and school functioning (β = 0.142, p < 0.05) of school-age children. Simple intermediary analysis shows that physical fitness level plays an intermediary role between FMS, physical functioning (indirect effect = 0.089 [95% Confidence interval (CI) = 0.015,0.195]), and school functioning (indirect effect = 0.065 [95% CI = 0.007,0.150]). Conclusion:This study shows that physical fitness levels mediate the relationship between FMS and HRQoL. Encouraging the development of FMS and promoting physical fitness levels of school-age children can effectively improve the HRQoL of school-age children.

具身德育理论主张德育的身体生成性,这与学校体育以身体为载体来培养学生体育品德的内涵相吻合,赋予了传统德育宝贵的时代新意.本文从具身德育理论视角出发,对体育品德培养进行了审视并提出纾解策略:强化学生身体经验与感知,推动体育品德外化为行;依据教材特点创设运动情境,激发学生情感共鸣;重视学生与外界环境的交互,促进品德认知的动态生成;4.增设体育品德的情境评价,助推评价内容可视化.

体育学习困难学生的"生存隐忧"一直是体育教学领域中"急难愁盼"的问题,长期缺乏有效且有针对性的解决策略.本文剖析了体育学习困难学生的内涵,分析其形成原因,并提出实施策略:1.以"享受乐趣"为首要目标,助力学生获得切身的运动体验;2.创设多元化的运动情境,激发学困生学习主动性;3.关注学生个体差异,采用多样化的教学方法;4.积极探索增值评价,聚焦学困生运动学习成效;5.立足学生"本体"视角,合理借鉴传统体育教学模式的特色经验.

选取浙江省教育厅2015-2019年大学生体质健康和高等教育支出数据及浙江省统计局各市人均GDP数据,运用面板数据回归及中介效应检验模型,研究经济发展背景下高等教育支出与大学生体质健康动态发展之间的关系.结果显示:①大学生体质健康状况与经济增长、高等教育支出存在显著的正相关关系;②高等教育支出在经济增长和大学生体质健康之间存在显著的部分中介效应;③经济增长及高等教育支出对大学生体质健康状况的影响存在地区差异性;④当生均教育经费支出的年均增长量不低于3562.77元时,大学生的体质健康水平会显著提升.

采用范围综述的方法回顾、总结和分析视力障碍(视障)儿童青少年身体活动(physical activity,PA)中英文相关研究.在7个英文数据库(Web of Science核心合集、ERIC、Academic Search Premier、SPORTDicus、MEDLINE、PubMed和Scopus)和3个中文数据库(CNKI、万方数据库和维普数据库)中检索1981—2021年发表的视障儿童青少年PA相关文献,提取文献的基本特征信息.基于行为流行病学理论框架,采用演绎内容分析法对所纳入研究的结果进行归类,发现共51篇视障儿童青少年PA相关文献纳入综述,其中:仅有29.4％的研究检验了PA与身心健康的量效关系,该阶段研究数量较少导致识别PA影响因素以及干预研究的支撑较为薄弱;3.9％的研究对PA测量工具进行了信效度检验,用加速度计测量视障儿童青少年短时PA具有较高的信效度,但应给予受试者1天的佩戴适应期;54.9％的研究检视和探讨了PA影响因素,影响因素主要涉及个人(如年龄、性别、视障程度、自我感知运动能力等)、人际(如父母及家庭成员、体育教师等)和环境(如邻里安全、社区适应体育设施和课程获得便利性、天气等)层面;11.8％的研究检验了PA干预方案效果,设置PA目标、对家长进行视障和PA知识教育、安排视力健康同伴导师以及实施PA课程对促进视障儿童青少年PA有效.

一、体育课堂教学内容选择的主体与依据是什么?难点有哪些? 邹旭铝:当下体育课堂教学内容选择出现了较多的问题,主要表现为:(1)小学以《国家学生体质健康标准》测试内容作为主要教学内容.(2)绝大多数初中紧紧围绕当地体育中考的内容展开教学.(3)高中课堂教学内容以单一技术教学内容和《国家学生体质健康标准》内容为主.(4)中小学健康知识内容匮乏.针对以上困境,首先需要讨论的问题是体育课堂教学内容选择的主体、依据与难点.

Growth factors (GF), with the activity of stimulating cell growth, play a significant role in biology, medicine, and exercise physiology. In the process of exercise, human tissues are impacted, making cells suffer damage. Growth factor can accelerate the repair of damaged cells and regulate the synthesis of protein, so biological preparations of growth factors can be added to traditional therapies. A combination of growth factor biologics and conventional therapies may improve the efficiency of injury repair, but growth factor biologics may not produce any results. The feasibility of growth factor biologics in the treatment of motor injury was discussed. The research have shown that: 1) GF biological agent therapy is a very promising treatment for motor injury, which is based on the power of autologous growth factor (GFs) to accelerate tissue healing, promote muscle regeneration, increase angiogenesis, reduce fibrosis, and make the muscle injury rapid recovery. 2) There are various methods for delivering the higher dose of GF to the injured tissue, but most of them depend on the platelet release of GF. At the site of injury, there are several ways to deliver higher doses of GF to the injured tissue. 3) At present, the inhibition of GF is mainly through signal transduction inhibitors and inhibition of transcription factor production. 4) Pattern of GF during wound repair: GF directly regulates many key steps of normal wound repair, including inflammatory cell chemotaxis, division and proliferation of fibroblasts, keratinocytes and vascular endothelial cells, formation of new blood vessels, and synthesis and degradation of intercellular substances. 5) When GF promotes chronic wound healing, in most cases, certain GF can be used targeted only when in vivo regulation still cannot meet the need for repair.

Prosocial behavior plays a key role in interpersonal relationships during the growth of children and adolescents. Good prosocial behavior is the foundation for the healthy development of children and adolescents. In recent years, the role played by some sports activities in children and adolescents’ prosocial behaviors has attracted much attention. However, the effects of physical activity on prosocial behavior have not been summarized. Objective: We aimed to clarify the role of sports activities in children and adolescents’ prosocial behaviors. Methods: We searched databases for 27 interventional studies on the influence of sports activities on children and adolescents’ prosocial behaviors published in peer-reviewed English journals. Subsequently, inductive, summary, analytical, and evaluation methods were used to systematically analyze and evaluate the literature. Results: Sports activities can improve children and adolescents’ prosocial behaviors. Different sports activities also influence children and adolescents’ prosocial behaviors differently. Moreover, sports activities can improve the prosocial behaviors of children and adolescents with special educational needs. Conclusion: This review demonstrates that sports activities improve the prosocial behavior of children and adolescents. At the same time, we find that children and adolescents with special educational needs should be allowed to participate in more sports activities.

一、什么是大单元?什么是大单元教学设计?大单元体育教学的意义是什么? 高嵘:单元是一个独立的教学单位,它具有一定的独立性和完整性.从单元本身的构成来说,大单元具有教学内容多、课时多、内在结构性、完整性和独立性的特点.早在20世纪80年代,国际上就已经对体育教学中的大单元教学问题进行了讨论,最早提出这个问题的是西登托普先生,他主张大单元教学,并在运动教育模式中以运动季建构了大单元教学的结构.

Meniscus is a kind of fibrocartilage composite tissue which plays an important role in the stability, load distribution and shock absorption of the knee joint. In addition, meniscus can absorb the impact and provide nutrition. Meniscus is mainly composed of water, collagen, glycosaminoglycan, etc. Meniscal injury is one of the most common sports injuries. After meniscal injury, traditional repair, suture or meniscectomy are currently used for clinical treatment. However, due to the limited number of blood vessels, it is difficult to heal, and may even lead to knee arthritis and osteoarthritis. Therefore, the field of meniscal in which alternative regenerativemedicine is being studied has attracted attention, especially stem cells as the best source of cells to help stimulate the regeneration of natural tissues of meniscal. although only limited relevant research has been conducted at present, mesenchymal stem cells are a very good idea for repairing human joint meniscus injury (Prabhath et al., 2021). Stem cells have been studied by more and more experts and scholars due to their unique characteristics, such as self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation, immune regulation and plasticity. However, these cells are limited in their clinical application due to their tumorigenesis. However, among the various stem cell types, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a lower risk of formation due to the teratoma they carry (Huldani et al., 2022)Without any ethical issues, and its readily available sources, have been the subject of most therapeutic application studies. Studies have isolated, cultured and amplified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from animals such as sheep and used them in various transformation models for human medical applications (Gugjoo and Amarpal, 2018). There are also many studies that have evaluated MSCs including cartilage, tendon and construct (Gugjoo et al., 2020). The research summarizes the repair methods of meniscal injury, especially the application of mesenchymal stem cells in the meniscal injury of joint. Many researchers have used a variety of methods to treat meniscal injury with stem cells in animal experiments, to promote the healing of meniscal. Although some results have been achieved, it cannot be widely used in human body, and it is hoped that it can be applied to clinical practice in the near future.

Postoperative rehabilitation is an important process of physical function recovery after surgery. Surgery is an effective means to treat sport injuries, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and other physical diseases. However, some major operations are still accompanied by postoperative complications, such as pain, infection and physical dysfunction. Therefore, postoperative rehabilitation has become an important means to restore physical function and health after surgery. Rehabilitation includes a series of activities, such as pharmacology, exercise, nutrition, diet and social psychology (1). A large number of studies showed that drug and exercise intervention play an important role in postoperative rehabilitation. Postoperative pain is a normal phenomenon after surgery, which requires drug intervention to relieve the pain. Some drugs have anti-inflammatory, analgesic and nutritional effects, such as dexamethasone, lidocaine, vitamin B12 and normal saline (2). It can relieve postoperative edema, pain and infection. There are also some analgesic drugs with few adverse reactions, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioid partial agonists, which also play an important role in relieving postoperative pain. Exercise therapy refers to rehabilitation therapy based on functional exercise. It can promote the energy metabolism of musculoskeletal, prevent joint spasm and slow down osteoporosis. At the same time, it can also improve the muscle strength and exercise endurance of the body. After operation, the patient’s physical function is greatly reduced, and complications may occur. Rehabilitation is the continuation of surgery, which can restore the patient’s physical function. As shown in Figure 1, patients receive treatment with some rehabilitation drugs. With the relief of body pain, they can do some basic physical activities. A large number of studies have shown that drug and exercise intervention play an indispensable role in postoperative rehabilitation. In order to provide new ideas for the development of postoperative rehabilitation, this paper systematically studies the application of drug intervention, exercise intervention and their collaborative intervention in postoperative rehabilitation.

Growth factors (GF), with the activity of stimulating cell growth, play a significant role in biology, medicine, and exercise physiology. In the process of exercise, human tissues are impacted, making cells suffer damage. Growth factor can accelerate the repair of damaged cells and regulate the synthesis of protein, so biological preparations of growth factors can be added to traditional therapies. A combination of growth factor biologics and conventional therapies may improve the efficiency of injury repair, but growth factor biologics may not produce any results. The feasibility of growth factor biologics in the treatment of motor injury was discussed. The research have shown that: 1) GF biological agent therapy is a very promising treatment for motor injury, which is based on the power of autologous growth factor (GFs) to accelerate tissue healing, promote muscle regeneration, increase angiogenesis, reduce fibrosis, and make the muscle injury rapid recovery. 2) There are various methods for delivering the higher dose of GF to the injured tissue, but most of them depend on the platelet release of GF. At the site of injury, there are several ways to deliver higher doses of GF to the injured tissue. 3) At present, the inhibition of GF is mainly through signal transduction inhibitors and inhibition of transcription factor production. 4) Pattern of GF during wound repair: GF directly regulates many key steps of normal wound repair, including inflammatory cell chemotaxis, division and proliferation of fibroblasts, keratinocytes and vascular endothelial cells, formation of new blood vessels, and synthesis and degradation of intercellular substances. 5) When GF promotes chronic wound healing, in most cases, certain GF can be used targeted only when in vivo regulation still cannot meet the need for repair.

The emergence of new hybrid nanomaterial has enabled prosthetic devices to have more performance and significantly improved the quality of life of the disabled. Due to the biosensing properties of prosthetic limbs made of nanomaterials, a large number of nanocomposites have been designed, developed, and evaluated for various prosthetic limbs, such as e-skin, e-skin's neurotactility sensing, human prosthetic interface tissue engineering, bones, and biosensors. Nano-based materials are also considered to be the new generation of scientific and technological materials for the preparation of various prosthetic devices for the disabled, which can effectively improve the sense of use of the disabled and achieve functional diversity. The study described various nanomaterials for prosthetic devices, and introduced some basic components of nanocomposites; their applications are in three areas, such as bone, skin, and nerve, and evaluated and summarized the advantages of these applications. The results show that (1) carbon-based nanomaterials as neural materials have been studied most deeply. Due to that strong stability of the carbon-based material and the simple transmission mechanism, the cost can be controlled in manufacturing the artificial limb. Materials with human-computer interaction function are the research focus in the future. (2) Skin nanomaterials are mainly composite materials, generally containing metal- and carbon-based materials. Ionic gels, ionic liquids, hydrogels, and elastomers have become the focus of attention due to the sensitivity, multimodal, and memory properties of their materials. (3) Outstanding nanomaterials for bone are fibrous materials, metallic synthetic materials, and composite materials, with extremely high hardness, weight, and toughness. Of the skeletal materials, the choice of prosthetic socket material is the most important and is typically based on fiber laminate composites. Some of these materials make sensors for durability and performance that can be used for large-scale clinical testing.

Hybrid implementation of pedagogical models (PMs) helps to overcome the limitations of a single pedagogical model (PM) when it comes to improving student learning outcomes in physical education (PE). Empirical research on hybridizations has grown substantially in recent years, so the purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review on the effects and mechanisms of different hybridizations on students' learning outcomes (i.e., motor, cognitive, affective, and social) in PE. Electronic databases, including ERIC, SCOPUS, EBSCO host, and Web of Science, were used to select intervention studies. After inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 17 high-quality studies, published in English peer-reviewed journals, were assessed. Results show that there were seven different hybrid models having impacts on students' learning outcomes, which could be divided into four categories: (1) game performance and technical skills; (2) understanding of tactics and decision-making abilities; (3) motivation, autonomy, and confidence; (4) interpersonal skills, cooperative learning ability, and responsibility. Length of implementation and teachers' familiarity were the main factors that limit the implementation on hybridizations. Future research should consider quasi-experiments with control groups of hybrids versus single models to figure out the advantages of the hybrid model over the single model; including more evidence from different schools, regions, and countries is necessary.

一、第八次体育与健康课程改革以来,学习方式(自主学习、探究学习和合作学习)出现了哪些困境、问题和难点? 高 嵘:从宏观的角度来看,目前的学习方式还存在一定的问题.在课堂教学中往往出现"为自主而自主、为探究而探究、为合作而合作"的形式化学习方式问题,教师关注更多的是一节40分钟或45分钟的课如何去开展自主、合作、探究等学习方式,造成了学习流于表面、深度不够.

一、体育课堂教学目标是否应有统一的表述方式?采用何种表述方式为宜? 邵伟德:体育课堂教学是学校体育的主战场,任何先进的理念都要在体育课堂教学中得到实践检验.体育学科核心素养是《普通高中体育与健康课程标准(2017年版)》中首次提出的新理念,至今已四年有余,2021年版义务教育阶段的体育课程标准也将出台,体育学科核心素养依然是贯彻义务教育阶段体育与健康课程标准的重要理念.体育课堂教学设计是每一个体育教师都无法回避的工作,如何把体育学科核心素养理念融入体育课堂教学目标之中?这是当前基层体育教师面临的最大问题之一.之前,体育教师在教案中有关体育课堂教学目标的表述大概有以下几种:(1)布鲁姆三维目标:认知目标、技能目标、情感目标.