Mulberry leaf glutelin (MG), a nutrient-rich protein fraction from mulberry leaves, remains underutilized due to limited studies on its physicochemical functional properties and biological activities. In this study, seven varieties of MG (TSG, DSG, 109G, C1G, C2G, C3G, C4G) were evaluated for amino acid composition, secondary structure (FTIR), solubility, water-holding capacity (WHC), oil absorption capacity (OAC), foaming capacity (FC), foam stability (FS), emulsifying activity index (EAI), emulsion stability index (ESI), in vitro digestibility, and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity (PLI). The results showed that MG contains four secondary structures and 17 amino acids, being rich in glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and leucine. C3G exhibited superior solubility (96.32%) at pH 10, while C4G showed optimal WHC (9.27 g/g), FC (73.75%), and FS (92.80%). TSG exhibited the highest OAC (9.58 g/g) and EAI (15.79 m2/g), and DSG demonstrated an excellent ESI (117.25 min), digestibility (88.17%), and PLI (70.54%). These findings provide valuable insights for the application of MG in food processing and innovation, enhancing its potential value for the food industry and human health.

Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) is a notable soybean pest, with diapause and non-diapause individuals showing different sensitivities to aggregation pheromones. This study aimed to investigate how R. pedestris detects aggregation pheromones through electroantennogram (EAG) and behavioral experiments, transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR, as well as competitive fluorescence-binding assay. Results indicated that diapausing females and males of R. pedestris exhibited a heightened EAG response and were more attracted to the aggregation pheromone components compared to their non-diapause counterparts. Transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR analyses revealed significantly higher expression of RpedOBP1 in the antennae of diapause females and males compared to non-diapausing R. pedestris. The competitive fluorescence-binding assay demonstrated that RpedOBP1 displayed the strongest binding affinity to E2HE2H, suggesting its crucial role in recognizing the aggregation pheromone. These findings have the potential to inform the development of integrated pest management strategies utilizing behavioral approaches for bean bug control.

Cold treatment has been extensively employed for the phytosanitary control of fruit flies for citrus cultivation worldwide. Trials with artificial infestation methods on navel and Valencia oranges at 3 °C and 2 °C against the oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) were conducted, following standard bioassay protocols and large-scale testing. The results showed that the third instar larval stage was the most tolerant stage in both cultivars. The maximum estimated cold treatment time at 3 °C required to produce 99.9968% mortality (LT99.9968) with a 95% confidence level was 16.6 days and 16.2 days for the navel orange and Valencia orange, respectively. Meanwhile, the estimated cold treatment time at 2 °C was 14.8 days for both navel and Valencia oranges, with a 95% confidence level. Furthermore, it was also observed that no survivors came from a total of 104,420 estimated (51,396 for the navel cultivar and 53,024 for the Valencia cultivar) third instar larvae in orange fruits after being subjected to a cold treatment of 3 °C for 17 days. Meanwhile, there were also no survivors from a total of 100,556 (50,740 for the navel cultivar and 49,816 for the Valencia cultivar) third instar larvae in orange fruits after being subjected to a cold treatment of 2 °C for 15 days. The treatments at 3 °C for 17 days and 2 °C for 15 days on oranges, including navel and Valencia, against the oriental fruit fly, surpassed the required mortality assurance of 99.9968% at a 95% confidence level and also met the probit-9 mortality standard. Overall, the application of these results will provide more flexibility for the citrus industry to satisfy quarantine treatment requirements.

The strategy of rural revitalization is the key to solve the problem of "three farmers" and realize the key of agricultural modernization. Rural reconstruction is the recombination of rural social elements and the change of population, the important guarantee of rural space reconstruction and economic reconstruction, and the ultimate goal of rural reconstruction. Through the development of tourism, rural areas can achieve multiple employment, industrial income increase, life improvement and other benefits, and the construction of tourist villages has increasingly become one of the core strategies to achieve rural revitalization. In recent years, rural spatial reconstruction has attracted extensive attention and research from all walks of life. At home and abroad, traditional settlements are mainly studied, and the reconstruction of rural social space in new countryside is rarely studied. Xiaoxigou, located in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, was originally an abandoned stone factory with a fragile ecological environment. Now Xiaoxigou Village, through the effective construction of the government and social capital, has become a well-known cultural tourism demonstration village. To study the process of its gradual transformation from an economically backward traditional village to a leading village in rural tourism today is to study the process of its social space reconstruction, so as to explain the characteristics and mechanism of rural social space reconstruction, with a view to providing theoretical guidance for rural tourism to play an important role in rural revitalization. This paper takes Xiaoxigou as a case to study the impact of tourism activities on its social space reconstruction, so as to separate out the characteristics of rural social space reconstruction, so as to provide a sample for the social space reconstruction of tourist villages and give play to its practical significance.

This study takes 530 national cultural relics protection units in Shanxi Province as the research object, and uses mathematical statistics and GIS spatial analysis methods to explore the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of national cultural relics protection units in Shanxi Province. The results show that there are differences in the number of national cultural relics protection units in Shanxi Province during different historical periods, showing a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The formation of various types of national cultural relics protection units has a relatively concentrated historical period. The distribution center of national cultural relics protection units in Shanxi Province has changed with historical periods, showing a migration characteristic in the direction of south northeast southeast south southeast northwest northeast. The national cultural relics protection units in Shanxi Province are in a clustered distribution state, and the clustering characteristics of different types of national security units are also different. The gradient distribution characteristics of national cultural relics protection units in different administrative cities are obvious. The spatial and temporal distribution of national cultural relics protection units in Shanxi Province is influenced by factors such as topography, river systems, and transportation.

Calosoma maximoviczi, a predatory pest beetle, poses a significant threat to wild silk farm production due to its predation on wild silkworms. Given the coexistence of this species with beneficial silkworms in the farm orchards, chemical pesticides are not an ideal solution for controlling its population. In this study, we employed a comprehensive multi-target RNA interference (RNAi) approach to disrupt the olfactory perception of C. maximoviczi through independently silencing 16 odorant receptors (ORs) in the respective genders. Specifically, gene-specific siRNAs were designed to target a panel of ORs, allowing us to investigate the specific interactions between odorant receptors and ligands within this species. Our investigation led to identifying four candidate siOR groups that effectively disrupted the beetle's olfactory tracking of various odorant ligands associated with different trophic levels. Furthermore, we observed sex-specific differences in innate RNAi responses reflected by subsequent gene expression, physiological and behavioral consequences, underscoring the complexity of olfactory signaling and emphasizing the significance of considering species/sex-specific traits when implementing pest control measures. These findings advance our understanding of olfactory coding patterns in C. maximoviczi beetles and establish a foundation for future research in the field of pest management strategies.

Fujian Hakka earth building is the crystallization of history and culture formed by the Chinese nation after several years of struggle. It has become one of the world cultural heritages with its unique architectural style and rich cultural connotation, and is called the symbol of oriental civilization by experts, scholars and tourists from all over the world. Based on the perspective of protection and inheritance, this paper puts forward that Hakka Tulou has the value of historical culture, artistic aesthetics and scientific research, analyzes the present situation of Hakka Tulou's culture and tourism development, deeply digs the core problems that affect its future development, such as insufficient development and innovation, and puts forward corresponding suggestions, so that Hakka Tulou can give full play to its advantages in cultural tourism resources, create a diversified cultural tourism environment by using new formats, increase its inheritance on the basis of development and protection, and continue the historical context of Hakka.

玉米褪绿斑驳病毒(maize chlorotic mottle virus,MCMV)是全球玉米种植产业最重要的病害之一,其快速、精准检测和鉴定方法在检疫防控中至关重要.本文综述了现有的玉米褪绿斑驳病毒分子检测方法的研究进展,总结了基于变温扩增的RT-PCR、RT-qPCR和多重RT-PCR方法,基于等温扩增的RT-LAMP、RT-RPA和RT-RAA方法,以及CRISPR/Cas系统和高通量测序等检测方法的优缺点,可根据不同情况选择合适的方法进行玉米褪绿斑驳病毒检测.最后,展望了新型检测方法在玉米褪绿斑驳病毒检测中的应用和发展趋势.

为建立番茄褐色皱果病毒(tomato brown rugose fruit virus,ToBRFV)TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR方法,本研究针对ToBRFV RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶(RNA-dependent RNA polymerase,RdRP)基因序列设计了 4组特异性引物和TaqMan探针,构建了标准曲线,并对该方法的特异性、灵敏度和实际样品的检测效率进行评估.结果显示,该方法特异性强,与番茄花叶病毒、番茄斑驳花叶病毒、烟草花叶病毒、黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒、番茄环斑病毒、番茄黑环病毒、辣椒轻斑驳病毒、烟草环斑病毒和凤果花叶病毒等9种病毒均无交叉反应.建立的标准曲线的R2为0.999,扩增效率为102.096％,检测灵敏度为10 fg/μL,与EPPO PM 7/146(1)推荐的CaTa28、CSP1325方法相当,是常规RT-PCR的100倍;采用该方法成功从60份番茄和辣椒叶片、种子样品中检出10份阳性样品.建立的TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR方法特异性强、灵敏度高,适用于实际样品中ToBRFV的快速精准检测.

Background In recent years, genome editing technology represented by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9? has been developed and applied in transgenic research and development, and transgenic products have been developed for a variety of applications. Gene editing products, unlike traditional genetically modified crops, which are generally obtained by target gene deletion, insertion, base mutation, etc., may not differ significantly at the gene level from conventional crops, which increases the complexity of testing. Objective We established a specific and sensitive CRISPR/Cas12a-mediated gene editing system to detect target fragments in a variety of transgenic rice lines and commercial rice-based processing products. Methods In this study, the CRISPR/Cas12a visible detection system was optimized for the visualization of nucleic acid detection in gene-edited rice. The fluorescence signals were detected by both gel electrophoresis and fluorescence-based methods. Results The detection limit of the CRISPR/Cas12a detection system established in this study was more precise, especially for low-concentration samples. In addition to achieving single-base detection in gene-edited rice, we showed that different base mutations in the target sequence have different detection efficiencies by sitewise variant compact analysis. The CRISPR/Cas12a system was verified via a common transgenic rice strain and commercial rice sources. The results proved that the detection method could not only be tested in samples with multiple mutation types but could also effectively detect target fragments in commercial rice products. Conclusion We have developed a set of efficient detection methods with CRISPR/Cas12a for gene-edited rice detection to provide a new technical basis for rapid field detection of gene-edited rice.

为了快速准确检测洋葱腐烂病菌(Burkholderia gladioli pv.alliicola,简称Bga),根据GenBank中Bga与相关种的序列差异设计特异引物BG5/BG7和探针Bga-P,建立了 Bga常规PCR和荧光PCR检测方法.测试结果表明,引物和探针对供试的11株Bga菌株表现为阳性反应,其他64株供试菌株和空白对照均为阴性.常规PCR和荧光PCR方法的检测灵敏度分别为24 pg和240 fg菌体DNA.美国、法国、意大利等国进境的80批次洋葱种子样品的检测结果显示,这两种方法的阳性检出率分别为7.5％和12.5％.选取阳性样品进行病菌分离,成功从2批次法国进境洋葱种子中分离到目的菌.本文建立的洋葱腐烂病菌PCR检测方法可为口岸检测部门提供更高效、灵敏和特异的检测手段.

This paper described the regulations and standards system for food additives in seven South Asian countries, compared and analyzed the requirements of colorants and preservatives in each country, in order to provide reference for Chinese food regulatory authorities and import and export enterprises to carry out research on food additives regulations and standards, to promote the development of food additives trade between China and South Asian countries.

整理统计近5年间RCEP国家SPS通报的数量、类型、目的等情况,分析通报的热点及特点.从非关税壁垒盛行、我国农食产品标准体系与国外标准的差距、农食产品出口企业质量安全合规意识不强和产品质量安全水平不高、应对国外技贸措施研究不够深入及时等方面分析我国农食产品企业遭遇国外技术性贸易措施的原因,并分别针对农食产品出口企业、行业协会以及相关政府部门提出针对性的对策建议,旨为相关方应对RCEP国家SPS措施时提供参考,减少贸易损失.

目的:研究适用于不同类型及品牌烈性酒的识别与归类技术.方法:基于烈性酒非靶标代谢组学技术,使用气相色谱质谱联用仪收集烈性酒原始数据,利用NIST质谱库确认非靶标代谢物,利用R软件进行聚类分析、主成分分析及偏最小二乘法判别分析等组学分析,并分别采用真假烈性酒对该技术进行验证.结果:采用气相色谱质谱联用仪在特定仪器条件下共检测出 61 种非靶标代谢物,对原始数据进行组学分析发现不同类型及品牌烈性酒均可较好的聚集,并无发生重叠,使用真假烈性酒可成功验证该方法.结论:该方法可作为一种基于非靶标代谢组学的不同烈性酒识别与归类技术为我国进出口监管部门提供科学监管支撑.

基因编辑技术自诞生以来,在作物育种、基因功能分析中得到了广泛的应用,其中CRISPR/Cas9系统是目前使用最多的基因编辑技术.基于荧光定量PCR技术,针对编辑位点设计特异性探针,结合基因组快速提取方法和成熟的水稻内参基因PLD引物,对自行研发的CRISPR/Cas9系统编辑水稻的Os11N3基因进行检测,并通过合成质粒模拟不同突变情况对该方法的特异性进行了验证.研究所建立的体系可在节约时间和成本的同时获取满足qPCR检测所需的基因组,能够区分1 bp基因编辑突变体与野生型,具有良好的特异性和灵敏度.检测方法可为作物育种筛选节省时间和成本,为基因编辑产品检测监管提供技术支持.

Rapid and accurate diagnosis of fungal pathogens is essential for disease control in sunflower. In the present study, a multiplex PCR assay was developed based on the dual priming oligonucleotide (DPO) system, which was used to simultaneously detect and identify five major sunflower fungal pathogens. There was no cross-reactivity among the pathogens tested. In each reaction, 0.1 ng genomic DNA templates were sufficient to ensure specificity and accuracy. The system exhibited high adaptability over a wide range of annealing temperatures. No mismatch or nonspecific amplification was observed in the annealing temperatures tested. In combination with capillary electrophoresis, the DPO-primer-based multiplex PCR system provides a rapid, reliable and cost-efficient solution for the diagnosis of fungal pathogens in sunflower.

介绍了我国口岸进口木材中多次截获的松十二齿小蠹,对该虫的分类地位、分布、寄主、危害及成虫形态特征进行了描述.将获得的该虫COⅠ序列通过GenBank数据库比对分析,以及用邻接法(NJ)构建的系统发育树,建立了该虫的DNA条形码检测方法,以期为口岸一线的检测鉴定提供参考.

目的 建立高效液相色谱-荧光法测定西藏饮用天然水中阴离子表面活性剂含量的分析方法.方法 采用Shim-pack VP-ODS C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇:水=94:6(v:v),流速0.4 ml/min,柱温40℃,检测激发波长232 nm,发射波长290 nm,外标法定量检测西藏饮用天然水中阴离子表面活性剂含量.结果 阴离子表面活性剂浓度在20.0～300.0μg/L与色谱峰面积具有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r=0.9999.方法 的检出限为5.0μg/L,样品的加标回收率为96.5％～99.9％,相对标准偏差为0.2％～1.7％.结论 该方法简便、快速、准确,精密度好,检出限低,可用于测定西藏饮用天然水中阴离子表面活性剂含量,值得推广应用.

本研究旨在建立番茄和辣椒种子携带番茄褐色皱果病毒（Tomato brown rugose fruit virus,ToBRFV）快速、精准的核酸检测技术。选用ToBRFV的MP蛋白基因和CP蛋白基因保守序列作为靶标区域设计了1对特异性引物ToBRFV-F-5506/ToBRFV-R-6186，建立了ToBRFV的RT-PCR检测方法。用ToBRFV阳性样品对该方法的灵敏度和特异性进行了系统分析，最后以疑似ToBRFV感染的实际种子样品进行验证，并与已报道的9对ToBRFV特异性引物对实际种子样品的检测效率进行比较分析。结果表明，采用本研究建立的RT-PCR检测方法检测限值至2.5ng/μL，且与番茄和辣椒的其他主要病毒无交叉反应，特异性良好，对50份疑似ToBRFV感染的番茄和辣椒种子样品的阳性检出率高达40%，要优于已报道的9对ToBRFV特异性引物。本研究建立的番茄褐色皱果病毒RT-PCR检测方法具有较高的灵敏度和良好的特异性，适用于ToBRFV感染的番茄和辣椒种子样品检测。