采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳法对青海省果洛州39只藏獒的血清乳酸脱氢酶(S-LDH)和红细胞乳酸脱氢酶(RBC-LDH)同工酶酶谱及其多态性进行了研究.结果发现:1)被检藏獒的S-LDH经电泳可分离出S-LDH1、S-LDH2、S-LDH3、S-LDH4和S-LDH5等5条区带,呈现出S-LDH1A(20.51%)和S-LDH1a(79.49%)两种电泳表型而表现出多态性;2)RBC-LDH经电泳可分离出RBC-LDH1、RBC-LDH2和RBC-LDH3等3条区带,呈现出RBC-LDH2A(43.24%)和RBC-LDH2a(56.76%)两种电泳表型;3)S-LDH同工酶5条区带的相对电泳迁移率分别为53.0%、40.8%、25.5%、9.5%和3.8%.

试验选用60只藏羊，分为对照组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组（每组15只），分别于其日粮中添加0%、1%、2%和3%枸杞。结果表明：饲料中添加2%枸杞，藏羊血清中IgA、IgY和IgG水平明显提高（P<0.05），胆固醇含量显著降低（P<0.05），藏羊对粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、钙、磷等营养物质的消化率也显著提高（P<0.05），但对血清皮质醇无明显作用。

羔羊成活率是直接影响养羊业经济效益的主要因素。做好羔羊的接羔保育工作，提高羔羊成活率，是发展养羊业的关键。为了提高羔羊成活率，2013~2014年新疆新湖农场天山朝阳牧业养殖合作社加强母羊不同阶段的饲养管理和羔羊的接产和护理、控制羔羊生长环境、开展羔羊早期补饲等综合技术措施，800只湖羊生产的2230只肉用杂交羔羊，经过8个月的精心饲养管理成活羔羊2029只，成活率达到90.98%，公母羔平均体重达到43.38kg。

从育雏准备、饲养管理、鸡病防疫及销售方面介绍土鸡的育雏技术，探讨散养土鸡的育雏技术要点，旨在提高养殖土鸡的经济效益。

布鲁氏菌病(brucellosis)简称布病,是由布鲁氏菌引起的一种人畜共患传染病.本病严重威胁畜牧业生产和人类身体健康,牛羊感染此病可造成母畜大量流产,生产性能下降,阻碍出栏牲畜调运和畜产品卫生质量安全,给畜牧业造成重大损失.世界动物卫生组织(OIE)在其卫生标准《陆生动物诊断试验与疫苗手册》中对牛布氏菌病、羊布氏菌病、绵羊附睾炎布氏菌病、猪布氏菌病的诊断都进行了描述,我国也先后颁布了《布鲁氏菌病诊断方法、疫区判定和控制区考核标准(1988年10月25日卫生部、农业部发布)》、《布鲁氏菌病诊断标准及处理原则GB15988-1995》、《动物布鲁氏菌病诊断技术GB/T18646-2002》等标准.为了实际掌握新疆新湖农场动物布病防控工作的真实效果、预测家畜布病疫情的流行态势、提高各级有关部门对动物布病的预警能力和防控效果,2013年7月对新湖农场的牛、羊进行布病血清学监测调查,为有效掌握家畜布病疫情流行动态和布病的防控提供科学依据.

新疆兵团新湖肉用种羊场从羔羊出生后至8个月的饲养周期内,采用配套的环境控制、饲草料利用、饲养管理、疫病防控等工厂化生产管理技术,取得了一定的成效.本报告将种羊场多年来在生产实践中积累的经验介绍如下,以供参考. 1 环境控制技术 环境控制是肉用羔羊出生后生产管理的关键环节.舒适、卫生、安全的环境能发挥羔羊最大的生产性能,为日后的生产带来更大的收益.

靠天养驼是目前我国骆驼养殖的主要方式.文章从分析骆驼生产现状及存在问题入手,深入探讨了我国工厂化高效养驼产业发展的因素,提出了骆驼产业快速发展的指导思想及工厂化高效养殖技术体系.

采用超早期断奶和直线强化培育等综合措施培育幼龄母羊,达到配种体重和体尺时采用孕激素和促性腺激素处理。试验结果证实:幼龄母羊处理后第1个情期的产羔率达到70%,第2个情期趋于正常,诱导发情处理对幼龄母羊的发情率有显著的作用(P﹤0.01)。

文章结合青海省草地畜牧业实际,以天峻县草地生态畜牧业专业合作社发展状况为例,对草地生态畜牧业专业合作社、专业合作社内在动力、合作社模式建设思路和对策进行了论述.

孕马血清促性腺激素的主要作用是促进母牛卵巢、卵泡的发育,成熟排卵及黄体生成。对于公牛,主要作用于睾丸的曲细精管,促进精子的形成,治疗弱精、死精和性欲不强。本文从PMSG的来源及性质、PMSG在肉牛生产和繁殖上的应用方面进行了综述。

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the viral genetic characteristics of hantaviruses carried by Microtus maximowixzii in Yakeshi of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and its relationship with Hantaan virus (HTNV) and Seoul virus (SEOV) viruses as well as to identify the natural host of Khabarovsk virus (KHAV).METHODS:HV specific RNAs were detected by RT-PCR. Complete S and M segment were amplified from the RNA-positive samples. Phylogenetic analysis were performed to estimate the genetic characterization and the relationship with other hantaviruses.RESULTS:Fifty two Microtus maximowixzii voles were captured in Yakeshi areas. Of those voles, hantaviral RNA was tested positive in 5 samples (9.62%). Complete S and M segments sequences were obtained from 5 and 2 lung samples, respectively. The complete S segment was consisted of 1848 to 1861 bp, and the M segment consisted of 3662 bp. These viruses were closely related to each other with 92.5% - 96.4% for the S segment sequences and 88.9% - 95.4% for the M segment sequences. They shared a higher identity with KHAV found previously in Yakeshi and KHAV of Russia. However, they were obviously different from the other hantavirus species. The 5 strains had the consistent secondary structure of nucleocapsid protein (NP) and glycoprotein (GP). When further comparing their secondary structures with those of HTNV and SEOV, our results indicated that there were no obvious differences in NP between KHAV and both HNTV, SEOV but with obvious difference in GP. Based on the S and M segment sequences, phylogenetic analyses revealed that these 5 strains clustered together with KHAV and formed a distinct lineage. Furthermore, all known KHAV strains could be divided into two small branches with a nucleotide divergence more than 5.3%.CONCLUSION:Our research data revealed that KHAV was highly endemic among Microtus maximowixzii in Yakeshi area which supported the notion that Microtus maximowixzii had been the natural host of KHAV in the area.

肉羊品种改良是关系到肉羊品质和养殖经济效益的关键环节.由于绵羊属于季节性发情动物且自然发情的时间主要集中在每年5-10月份,依靠自然发情配种,延长了配种周期和产羔时间,极大地影响了肉羊养殖的经济效益.应用诱导发情技术可以缩短繁殖周期,提高肉羊的产羔率,使母羊集中诱导发情,集中配种,集中产羔,便于集约化管理,从而提高经济效益.为了提高内蒙古中敖畜牧业有限公司饲养的萨福克母羊的繁殖力,在内蒙古赤峰市采用CIDR+ PMSG诱导发情的方法进行本试验,现将结果报告如下.

为了改善与提高中国美利奴羊(新疆型)的肉用性能,采用夏洛莱公羊、白萨福克公羊与中国美利奴羊(新疆型)母羊进行杂交试验,并对其F1的初生重、3月龄重、6月龄重、剪毛后体重、剪毛量、羊毛细度等性状进行了测定.结果表明,白萨福克公羊×中国美利奴母羊(新疆型)F1(白中F1)、夏洛莱公羊×中国美利奴母羊(新疆型)F1(夏中F1)2组之间的初生重、3月龄重和剪毛后重差异均不显著(P＞0.05)；而夏中F16月龄重,则比白中F1高4.5％(P＜0.01)；2组之间毛纤维直径差异不显著(P＞0.05),毛长和剪毛量差异均极显著(P＜0.01),夏中F1的剪毛量比白中F1高9.8％.说明在新疆伊犁地区,夏中组合较白中组合更适合用作肥羔生产,而且从毛用性能方面看,夏中组合也较白中组合更具优势.

Objective To establish a method for identifying Haemaphysalis flava and H. campanulata with molecular markers, and to learn the phylogenetic relationship of these two species of ticks. Methods Ticks were collected from animals in Hubei province, and identified by their morphological characteristics. The 12S rDNA, 16S rDNA and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunitⅠ gene (COⅠ) from the genomes of the two kinds of ticks were amplified by PCR and sequenced for homology analysis. PAUP 4.0 software was used to construct the individual phylogenetic trees of the three gene sequences for phylogenetic analysis. Results The identities between the two species of ticks were 90.8% for 12S rDNA, 90.4% for 16S rDNA, and 86.8% for COⅠ, with the homology of the three gene fragments between collected H. flava and known H. flava being 100%, 99.5% and 99.7%, respectively. On the phylogenetic trees based on the nucleotide sequences of the 12S rDNA, 16S rDNA and COⅠ gene, H. flava was clustered together with their respective class. H. flava and the H. campanulata formed a distinct branch. However, the phylogenetic relationships between different species of Haemaphysalis were different on the trees based on these three genes. Conclusion As far as identification of the ticks with similar morphological features is concerned, molecular markers in combination with the conventional morphological classification can make it more accurate, contributing to better understanding of their evolutionary relationships. Further phylogenetic analysis of gene sequences also provides a basis for the prevention and control of tick-borne diseases.

选用10只2~4岁的德国肉用美利奴成年公羊,先进行40 d的生殖保健技术程序处理,然后采用DZCJ-4型电子采精仪刺激采精。结果表明:未经生殖保健的2只公羊对各种电刺激的输出电压有不同程度的反应,但均未能采出精液;经过生殖保健处理后,电刺激能使公羊迅速发生阴茎勃起和射精,在非繁殖季节可成功采出精液,随着采精次数的增加,精液品质明显提高。结论:对德国肉用美利奴成年公羊采用生殖保健技术程序处理,再进行电刺激采精,精液品质可以达到正常人工授精的标准,并可用于生产实践。

随着人们生活水平的提高和羊产品种类的丰富,肉质的安全问题日益引起人们的关注,它不仅关系到消费者的膳食安全、营养和感官的需要,而且还关系到羊肉制品加工业的健康发展.在现代工厂化养羊产业中,应当从思想上重视与改善农场动物福利,通过改善动物福利的技术措施,寻求优质肉的生产方案,突破动物福利壁垒,实现优质、高档羊肉的生产.本文从动物福利壁垒的形成及应对措施和工厂化养羊可持续健康发展应借鉴的模式两个方面提出了问题.

采用同期发情+超排对12只特克塞尔羊、无角陶赛特羊进行处理;同时采用自然发情+超排对12只德国肉用美利奴母羊进行处理。结果表明:采用同期发情+超排处理,每只特克塞尔母羊平均获卵胚8.7枚,获受精卵数7.1枚;陶赛特母羊平均获卵胚数1.8枚,获受精卵数1.8枚(P<0.01)。德国肉用美利奴供体母羊的平均获胚数13.5枚,可用胚8.7枚,可用胚率67.0%(P<0.01)。对85只受体绵羊进行同期发情处理,结果表明,处理后同期发情率达88.2%。将12枚可用胚胎移入11只受体,其中10只受体移入单胚,1只受体移入双胚,移植成功率达83.3%(P<0.01)。对62只自然发情的受体母羊进行胚胎移植,结果表明,移植2枚胚胎受体母羊的受胎率比移植1枚的要高34.0%(P<0.01)。

伊犁河谷是新疆主要的细毛羊生产基地之一.在新疆养羊业由"毛主肉从"变为"肉主毛从"的大趋势下,如何在保证细羊毛生产水平的前提下,改善和提高现有细毛羊的肉用性能?提高细毛羊的养殖经济效益?是亟待解决的问题.本研究试图采用工厂化高效养羊配套技术[1],通过引进肉羊和进行杂交组合的筛选试验,以寻求一个适合当地环境条件的杂交改良最佳组合,为加快当地细毛羊产业结构的调整,促进牧民增收,牧业增效,以及牧区稳定做贡献[2].

采用诱导发情配套技术对24只8月龄初产杂交二代盘羊进行调控处理.结果表明:母羊产单胎、双胎、三胎和四胎的百分率分别为14.81%、30.77%、23.08%和30.77%,多胎比例明显提高(P＜0.01).试验发现,经14 d诱导发情处理,母羊于撤除CIDR后48～56 h发情率达100%,总繁殖率达216.67%(P＜0.01),单羔、双羔、三羔和四羔的初生重平均为4.0、3.5、2.9和2.3 kg,不同产羔数之间的初生重有明显差异(P＜0.05),生长期内单、双羔和三羔的平均日增重为250.70 g(P＞0.05),4月龄平均体重30.36 kg.本试验选用CIDR长期处理+超量PMSG+LRH-A3静注的处理方案,大幅度提高了8月龄初产杂交二代盘羊母羊的繁殖率(P＜0.01),使母羊一产的繁殖率达216.67%.

精液采集是人工授精的重要环节,常用方法主要有假阴道法和按摩法,已在牛、马、羊、猪和鸡等畜禽上成功应用[1].而在野生动物或人工驯养的野生动物上,由于其野性强、性情暴烈,常采用电刺激法采集精液,如海狸鼠[2]、大熊猫[3-4]、鹿[5]、猴[6-7]、林麝[8]、黑熊[ 9]、乌苏里貂等[10-11],而国内对于盘羊的相关研究未见报道[12].