土壤盐渍化正威胁着人类赖以生存的有限的土地资源,提高作物的耐盐碱能力是植物育种工作急需解决的关键问题.随着现代分子生物技术的飞速发展,人们寄希望于基因工程培育耐盐碱品种.目前已经鉴定和克隆出一批耐盐碱相关的基因.DREB类转录因子能够激活逆境诱导基因的表达,增强植物对逆境的抵抗力.本文作者就DREB类转录因子在功能、结构和调控表达等方面进行了综述.

In order to make progress on the rice breeding, pedigree and characteristics including yield, quality and resistance traits were studied based on the data of 26 rice varieties National Registered in jingjintang rice region from 2005 to 2014. The results show that 26 japonica rice varieties including 19 conventional rice and 7 hybrid rice were registered by National Crop Variety Approval Committee involved in forty-five parents. Cross-breeding and heterosis application were the key methods in the recent ten years. In the conventional rice varieties, 5 varieties were derived from Nonglin 8 and 10 varieties were derived from Xifeng. All the six hybrid rice combinations were developed from BT-type cytoplasmic male sterility lines which were bred from Tijin CMS line. Three of the seven restorer lines were derived from Xiangqing and the other four were derived from C57.

以玉米幼胚为受体材料,研究了基因型、2,4-D质量浓度以及蔗糖质量浓度对胚性愈伤组织诱导率的影响,以及幼胚大小对愈伤组织诱导率的影响.结果表明,基因型是影响胚性愈伤组织诱导率的一个最重要因素,H99×A188的诱导率最高,达到45.28％;幼胚长度1.5～2.0 mm的愈伤组织诱导率最高,达到98％;N6诱导培养基中添加2,4-D的质量浓度为2.0 mg/L时胚性愈伤组织的色泽鲜艳,呈鲜黄色,且呈颗粒状,具有良好的胚性.蔗糖的最佳质量浓度为30 g/L.

Tianjin is located in the typical japonica cultivated region. Xiaozhan Rice is one of the most famous qualified rice brands in the world. 97 rice varieties including 86 conventional varieties and 11 hybrid japonica combinations were registered during 1986 to 2013 by Tianjin Crop Variety Approval Committee which were contribute to improve the rice production in Tianjin. Ideas for the development of rice in Tianjin in the future were raised based on the analysis of achievements of rice planting region, total yield , yield per unit and distribution.

金粳28是天津市水稻研究所育成的常规粳稻品种,具有产量高、米质优、综合抗性好等特点,于2012年通过国家审定.介绍了该品种的亲本来源和选育经过、特征特性、产量表现及栽培技术要点等.

To improve the quality and increase the yield of the hybrid japonica rice in middle-early japonica rice region, a three-line hybrid japonica combination Jinjingyou 132 with high yield, good quality and multiple resistance was developed from the cross between BT-type CMS line Jinjing13 A and restoration line Jinhui 2. The average yield of Jinjingyou132 was 9.81 t·hm-2,10.5 percent higher than that of control in national multiple-location regional experiment during 2008—2009, and the average yield was 9.97 t·hm-2,13.7 percent higher than that of control in national rice productive experiment in 2009. Jinjingyou132 was registered by National Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2010 so that it can be planted in south Liaoning, Tianjin and Beijing. Jinjingyou 132 was the first national registered rice variety which attained the first class level of the national rice quality standard in north rice region.

津稻179是天津市水稻研究所育成的一级优质米常规粳稻新品种,具有株型理想、灌浆速度快、稳产性佳、熟色熟相优、综合抗性好等特点.稻米品质主要指标:糙米率85.1％,精米率76.2％,整精米率75.8％,粒长5.2 mm,长宽比1.9,垩白粒率6％,垩白度0.4％,直链淀粉含量18.0％,胶稠度80mm,达到国标优质稻谷1级标准.于2012年通过天津市农作物品种审定委员会审定,2014年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定,准予在北京、天津、山东东营、河北冀东及中北部一季春稻区种植.介绍了该品种的亲本来源和选育经过、特征特性、产量表现及栽培技术要点等内容.

The effects of genotype on the induction of embryogenic callus and the induction medium,subculture medium,differentiation medium and rooting medium were studied in order to establish a high efficiency and stable maize regeneration system. The results showed that genotype could significantly affect embryogenic callus induction rate,and the induction rate of H99 × A188 was the highest( 45. 28%); N6 culture medium was suitable for maiz embryogenic callus induction and subculture. The combination of MS with 6-BA 1. 0 mg / L + KT 2. 0 mg / L was the highest in the differentiation culture medium,and the 1 /2MS medium supplemented with 1. 0 mg / L IBA and 1. 0 g / L activated carbon was suitable for rooting culture.

Jinjingyou 11,a new hybrid Japonica variety with high-yield,good quality and multi-resistance,was bred by the combination of Jinjing 11A (a three-line sterile line with BT-type)and Jinhui 1 (a restorer)to increase per unit yield of Japonica rice in middle-early J aponica rice cultivation region.The average yield of Jinjingyou 11 in national regional tests during 2010-2012 is 9.71 t/hm2 ,11.57% higher than Jinyuan 85 (CK).The average yield of Jinjingyou 11 in production test in 2012 is 9.97 t/hm2 , 11.93% higher than CK.Jinjingyou 11 approved by National Crops Variety Examination Committee in 2013 should be cultivated in rice ptoduction regions of South Liaoning,Tianjin and Beijing.

Plant density is a main factor affecting grain yield in maize.The progress in morphophysiological and genetic basis for density response in maize were reiewed.The aim of this review was to provide references for breeding for high grain yield in maize.

The coefficients of parentage(COP) among 38 hybrid japonica rice restorers in China were analyzed to discuss genetic diversity of hybrid japonica rice restorers and provide the scientific basis for restorer improvement in hybrid japonica rice.The results showed that the COP value among about 12% restorers was 0.The variation range of COP value was 0~0.75 and the average value was 0.09.The 38 restorers were divided into four groups by clustering analysis.The first group had 24 restorers and the core parent was C57.The second group had four restorers and they were all derived from IR8.The third group had only one restorer.The fourth group had nine restorers and they were all derived from Xiangqing.

The coefficients of parentage(COP) among forty hybrid Japonica rice sterilize lines were analyzed to explore the genetic diversity and provide a reference for improvement of Japonica rice sterilize lines.The results showed that the COP values varied from 0 to 0.75,with an average of 0.03.About sixty percent of the COP values were 0.It indicated that there was little genetic relationship between those pairs of lines.Clustering of lines based on COP matrix resulted in a total of six groups.GroupⅠconsisted of ten sterilize lines,which all derived from Nongken 58.Group Ⅱ was composed of twenty sterilize lines,they are all offsprings of Tengban 5.Group Ⅲ,composed of seven sterilize lines,these lines derived from Nongken 57.Group Ⅳ,GroupⅤ and GroupⅥ included only one line respectively,the three lines had no relationship with other lines,which indicated that the genetic differences among Japonica rice sterilize lines were great and the genetic diversity was high.

The results from studying effects of different row ratio of male and female parents on seed yield and setting rate of 10 you 18(a hybrid nonglutinous rice variety) showed that the row ratio between 2∶4 and 2∶12 had no significant difference in seed yield but there was significant difference in setting rate between different row ratios,and the setting rate reduced with distance increment between male parent and female parent.The low row ratio with advantage of raising yield of female parent and reducing seed amount of male parent can be used in seed production of 10 you 18.

The flowering habit of 4 sterile lines and 15 restorer lines of hybrid japonica rice was observed to improve seed yield by effectively adjusting parents' flowering stage and duration.The results showed that the flowering duration of sterile lines and restorer lines was 7.0d and 2.5d and the average forenoon flowering rate of sterile lines and restorer lines was 58.8% and 73.9% respectively,and the flowering peak of most restorer lines and sterile lines(except Zhongzuo 59A) was 2～3d and 4～5d after flowering,the daily flowering peak of sterile lines(except 3A) was later than restorer lines,and there was difference in flowering habit between different restorer lines.

138 plants of F1 anther culture for 3 crosses derived from ″paddy rice/dry field rice″ were treated under the condition of water and land culture in this study,respectively,japonica rice germplasm resource screened according to drought tolerance and high yield,meanwhile,indica-japonica type anlyzed and drought tolerance identified for these progenies,these results indicated one of bi-parents showed drought tolerance,about 50 percent progeny plants from anther culture was ″drought tolerance type″.The drought tolerance of most progeny plants was continuous distributed,individual progeny plant show bidirectional segregation beyond parents for drought tolerance,it was controlled by micr-multiple gene.Most plants from 3 combinings showed rice japonica type on N6 culture media,less indica type.Finally,Index of rice drought tolerance identification was being discussed.

津稻3号是一个适应性广,抗逆、高产、优质的粳稻品种。该品种自通过天津市品种审定后,经示范推广种植面积逐年扩大,一般单产550～600kg/667m2,高产地块可达628kg/667m2,增产效果十分显著,深受广大稻农的欢迎。为使大家了解这个品种,现将它的生育规律、形态生理指标和优质栽培技术介绍如下:

粳稻抽穗后功能叶受到损害的时间越早与受损叶片数的增加,对籽粒增重的影响就越大,垩白率也呈上升趋势,低垩白率的品种垩白增加率大于高垩白率品种。

津稻3号是以中国的91305株系为母本,日本品种越光为父本杂交,系统选育而成。该品种表现高产、优质、抗性好,适应性广,在津、京、唐地区有较大的推广价值。

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">用雄性不育诱导剂 SC2053,在药隔期对小麦植株进行一次性喷施处理。在药隔期、抽穗始期和开花期分别进行了过氧化物酶同工酶的研究,处理和对照的分析样品是从幼穗或花药中提取的。试验结果如下:（1）在药隔期,处理的过氧化物酶同工酶的酶带多于对照;（2）在抽穗始期,处理和对照的酶带数是一致的;（3）在开花期,处理的过氧化物酶同工酶带少于对照。经SC2053处理后的过氧化物酶同工酶的这种动态变化,可能导致营养和能量的提前消耗,而最终导致被处理植株的雄性不育。</span>