OBJECTIVES:To explore the effect and mechanism of acupuncture at "Feishu" (BL 13) and "Dingchuan" (EX-B 1), and "Kongzui" (LU 6) and "Yuji" (LU 10) for relaxing the airway smooth muscle in the rats during acute asthma attack and compare the effect among the two pairs of acupoints and the acupoints combination.METHODS:Forty SD male rats with SPF grade were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a pair-point A group (acupuncture at "Feishu" [BL 13] and "Dingchuan" [EX-B 1]), a pair-point B group (acupuncture at "Kongzui" [LU 6] and "Yuji" [LU 10]) and a point combination group (acupuncture at "Feishu" [BL 13] , "Dingchuan" [EX-B 1], "Kongzui" [LU 6] and "Yuji" [LU 10]), with 8 rats in each group. Except the rats in the blank group, the model of acute asthma attack was induced by ovalbumin (OVA) combined with aluminum hydroxide gel in the rest groups. Started on the 15th day of modeling, except in the blank group and the model group, acupuncture was delivered in the other groups, 30 min in each intervention, once daily, for 14 days. In each group, the latent period of asthma inducing was measured; the lung resistance (LR) and dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) were determined using lung function detector; the levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by ELISA; with Masson staining and electron microscopy adopted, the morphology and ultrastructure of airway smooth muscle of the rats were observed; the mRNA and protein expressions of ET-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) were detected by quantitative real-time fluorescence and Western blot, respectively.RESULTS:Compared with the blank group, the latent period of asthma inducing was shortened (P<0.05), RL increased and Cdyn decreased (P<0.05) with the different concentrations of methacholine (0.025 mg/kg, 0.05 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg) in the model group. In the pair-point A group, the pair-point B group and the point combination group, the latent period of asthma inducing was prolonged (P<0.05), RL decreased and Cdyn increased (P<0.05) with different concentrations of methacholine when compared with those in the model group; and the latent period of asthma inducing in the point combination group was longer than that in the pair-point A group (P<0.05). Compared with the blank group, the levels of ET-1, TNF-α and cGMP in the serum and BALF were elevated (P<0.05), and those of cAMP reduced (P<0.05) in the model group. The levels of ET-1, TNF-α and cGMP in the serum and BALF were reduced (P<0.05), and those of cAMP elevated (P<0.05) in the pair-point A group, the pair-point B group and the point combination group when compared with those in the model group. In the blank group, the lung tissue was normal structurally. In the model group, the collagen fibers were proliferated increasingly, the smooth muscle was thickened, the mitochondria were swollen, and their cristae disrupted and reduced massively. In the pair-point B group, the collagen fibers were proliferated, the smooth muscle was thicker compared with that in the blank group, the mitochondria were mildly swollen and their cristae disrupted partially. In the pair-point A group and the point combination group, the lung tissue changes were obviously alleviated in comparison with the model group, the mitochondria were slightly swollen and their cristae disrupted occasionally. Compared with the blank group, the mRNA and protein expression of ET-1 increased and that of β2-AR decreased in the lung tissue of the model group (P<0.05). In the pair-point A group, the pair-point B group and the point combination group, the mRNA and protein expression of ET-1 was reduced and that of β2-AR elevated in the lung tissue when compared with those in the model group (P<0.05). In comparison with the pair-point A group, the mRNA expression of β2-AR was elevated in the point combination group (P<0.05). When compared with the pair-point B group, the mRNA expression of β2-AR increased, the protein expression of ET-1 decreased (P<0.05) in the point combination group.CONCLUSIONS:Acupuncture at "Feishu" (BL 13) and "Dingchuan" (EX-B 1), "Kongzui" (LU 6) and "Yuji" (LU 10), two pairs of acupoints relieves the airway smooth muscle spasm in the rats during acute asthma attack, which may be related to inhibiting the mRNA and protein expression of ET-1 to reduce the excretion of ET-1 and TNF-α; while enhancing the mRNA and protein expression of β2-AR to balance the levels of cAMP and cGMP. The effect is optimal when acupuncture is delivered at two pairs of acupoints simultaneously.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of acupuncture at "Kongzui" (LU 6) and "Yuji" (LU 10) on the latent period of inducing asthma, pulmonary function and the expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and metallothionein-2 (MT-2) in asthma rats, and to explore the possible mechanism of acupuncture in alleviating airway smooth muscle spasm and improving the acute attack of asthma.METHODS:A total of 40 male SD rats of SPF-grade were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a medication group and an acupuncture group, 10 rats in each group. Except for the normal group, ovalbumin sensitization method was used to establish the asthma model in the other 3 groups. Salbutamol nebulization was adopted in the medication group, while acupuncture was applied at bilateral "Kongzui" (LU 6) and "Yuji" (LU 10) in the acupuncture group. The intervention was given once a day for 14 days in the two groups. The latent period of inducing asthma and pulmonary function were observed, the levels of ET-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected by ELISA method, the morphology of the airway was observed by Masson staining, the ultrastructure of the airway smooth muscle was observed by transmission electron microscopy, the mRNA and protein expression of ET-1 and MT-2 in lung tissue was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot methods.RESULTS:Compared with the normal group, in the model group, the latent period of inducing asthma was shortened (P<0.01); the airway resistance (RL) was increased while the dynamic compliance (Cdyn) was decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05); the levels of ET-1 and TNF-α in serum and BALF were increased (P<0.01); collagen fibers and collagen depositions were found around the bronchi, airway smooth muscle was thickened, the cell damage was severe and mitochondria were swollen; the mRNA and protein expression of ET-1 was increased while the mRNA and protein expression of MT-2 was decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, in the acupuncture group, the latent period of inducing asthma was prolonged (P<0.05), the RL was decreased while the Cdyn was increased (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the model group, in the medication group and the acupuncture group, the levels of ET-1 and TNF-α in serum and BALF were decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05); collagen fibers and collagen depositions around the bronchi were reduced, the thickened airway smooth muscle was lightened, the cell damage was improved; the mRNA and protein expression of ET-1 was decreased while the mRNA and protein expression of MT-2 was increased (P<0.01). Compared with the medication group, the mRNA expression of MT-2 was increased in the acupuncture group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Acupuncture at "Kongzui" (LU 6) and "Yuji" (LU 10) can improve the pulmonary function and alleviate the airway smooth muscle spasm in rats with asthma. Its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of ET-1 expression and up-regulation of MT-2 expression.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of acupuncture at "Feishu" (BL 13) + "Dingchuan" (EX-B 1) and "Kongzui" (LU 6) + "Yuji" (LU 10) for the airway remodeling in asthma rats based on the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/ Smad family member 3 (Smad3) signaling pathway; and explore the efficacy difference between the two acupoint combinations.METHODS:Forty SPF male SD rats, aged 4 weeks, were randomly divided into a blank group (n = 10) and a modeling group (n = 30). The ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization method was used to establish asthma model in the modeling group. After successful model preparation, the rats of the modeling group were randomized into a model group, an acupuncture at "Feishu" (BL 13) + "Dingchuan" (EX-B 1) (AAF) group, and acupuncture at "Kongzui" (LU 6)+"Yuji" (LU 10) (AAK) group, with 10 rats in each one. Starting from day 15 of the experiment, 5 min after motivating, acupuncture was applied to "Feishu" (BL 13) + "Dingchuan" (EX-B 1) and "Kongzui" (LU 6)+"Yuji" (LU 10) in the AAF group and the AAK group respectively. The intervention was delivered for 30 min each time, once daily, lasting 3 weeks consecutively. Using lung function detector, the airway resistance (RL) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) of the lungs were detected. The histomorphology of lung tissues was detected with HE staining and Masson staining, and the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 in lung tissues was detected with the real-time PCR and Western blot methods.RESULTS:Compared with the blank group, RL was increased and Cdyn was decreased in the rats of the model group (P<0.01); and RL was reduced and Cdyn was increased in the AAF group and the AAK group when compared with those in the model group (P<0.01, P<0.05). The rats of the model group had bronchial lumen stenosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen fibre hyperplasia and thickened smooth muscle in the lung tissues when compared with those in the blank group; and in comparison with the model group, all of the above morphological changes were attenuated in the AAF group and the AAK group. Besides, these morphological changes of the lung tissues were more alleviated in the AAF group when compared with those in the AAK group. In comparison with the blank group, the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 of the lung tissues was increased in the model group (P<0.01), and it was reduced in the AAF group and the AAK group when compared with that in the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 was lower in the AAF group when compared with that in the AAK group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Acupuncture at either "Feishu" (BL 13)+"Dingchuan" (EX-B 1) or "Kongzui" (LU 6)+"Yuji" (LU 10) reduces the airway remodeling in the rats with asthma, which may be related to the down-regulation of mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3. The better efficacy is obtained with acupuncture at "Feishu" (BL 13)+"Dingchuan" (EX-B 1).

文章从教学资源建设、教学方法改革等方面探讨针灸学专题讲座的课程教学改革思路.基于问题的教学方法(PBL)、BOPPPS教学模式各具优势特色,在针灸学专题讲座的课程教学中,根据教学内容交替运用PBL及BOPPPS两种教学模式,对于激发学生学习兴趣、调动学生学习主动性有更好的促进作用,同时有利于培养学生的自主学习能力、沟通表达能力及团队协作精神.

气道重塑是哮喘致死的关键因素,一旦形成,难以逆转.基于转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)/Smads信号通路与哮喘气道重塑的密切关系,既往研究已初步表明针刺通过调控TGF-β1/Smads信号通路实现抑制气道重塑的发展进程.本文从指标检测、研究方案、取穴标准、针刺时机4个方面对针刺调控TGF-β1/Smads信号通路干预气道重塑的实验研究进行分析并得出解决方案,为今后研究工作提供参考.

Background The present study aimed to determine the protective effects of hypaconitine (HA) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) against chronic heart failure (CHF) in the rats and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods The CHF rat model was established by transverse-aortic constriction (TAC) operation. Transthoracic echocardiography and hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining were used to evaluate the pathophysiological and histopathological changes of CHF model. The total cholesterol (TCHO) and triglyceride (TG) levels were determined by ELISA assay. The protein expression of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the rat ventricular tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. The serum metabolites were determined by LC-MS/MS assay. Results After applied the HA + GA, the cardiac tissue and structure were obviously improved, and the HA + GA treatment also significantly reduced the plasma levels of TCHO and TG in the CHF rats. The expression of FGF2 and VEGFA protein was up-regulated and the expression of eNOS protein was down-regulated in the ventricular tissues of CHF rats, which was significantly restored after HA + GA treatment. HA + GA treatment down-regulated serum isonicotinic acid, phosphatidylcholine, cardiolipin, estrogen glucuronide, and glycocholic acid, up-regulated serum sphingosine and deoxycholic acid in the CHF rats. Conclusions In conclusion, HA + GA showed protective effects on CHF in the rats, and the HA + GA may exert protective effects by reducing lipid levels, up-regulating the expression of FGF2 and VEGFA proteins, attenuating eNOS protein expression, and modulating metabolic pathways. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HA + GA-mediated effects still require further examination.

Bronchial asthma (asthma for short) is a common chronic respiratory disease inchildren, which has adverse effects on children's physical and mental health. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway is an important transcription factor in airway inflammation, and plays an important role in airway inflammation and airway remodeling in asthma. Clinical studies have found that traditional Chinese medicine has positive effects in the treatment of asthma. Hence, this paper aims to review the literatures on the treatment of asthma through traditional Chinese medicine compound and single herbs and extracts by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway for nearly a decade. It is found that traditional Chinese medicine can inhibit airway inflammation, relieve airway smooth muscle spasm and reduce airway resistance through the regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway, so as to play a key role in the treatment of asthma, and provide a scientific basis for the treatment of asthma with traditional Chinese medicine.

目的:观察穴位贴敷联合四君子汤合四逆散加减对肝郁脾虚型失眠患者的临床疗效.方法:选取南昌大学第一附属医院治未病中心2020年9月至2021年2月收治的60例肝郁脾虚型失眠患者,随机分为对照组与观察组,各30例.对照组给予四君子汤合四逆散加减治疗,观察组给予穴位贴敷联合四君子汤合四逆散加减治疗.观察两组临床疗效、中医证候积分以及匹兹堡睡眠质量评分(PSOI).结果:观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组(P＜0.05);中医证候积分以及PSOI评分前后对比,观察组优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:穴位贴敷联合四君子汤合四逆散加减比单纯运用四君子汤合四逆散加减治疗肝郁脾虚型失眠临床疗效更佳.

目的 探讨壮医药线点灸疗法的研究现状、热点及未来趋势,为壮医药线点灸疗法提供研究及发展参考.方法 通过中文语言检索1985-2021年中国知网数据库,获取与壮医药线点灸主题相关的文献,再利用可视化分析软件CiteSpace 5.6.R5对所获得文献的发文量、作者、发文机构、关键词绘制知识图谱进行可视化分析.结果 壮医药线点灸年度发文量整体呈上升趋势,2015年始明显增加并维持在每年40篇以上的水平,发文频次前3位的作者是朱英、范郁山和何彦霖.作者合作聚类显示研究团队呈现出多团队交叉合作.研究机构发文量前3位的分别是:广西民族医药研究所、广西中医药大学第一附属医院和广西中医药大学.关键词聚类共生成11个聚类,分别是壮医、综述、壮医药线点灸疗法、朱琏抑制i型针法、壮医药线、壮医药、带状疱疹、医案、三阴交、灸法/方法、民族医药.结论 通过分析当前发文量稳定,呈上升趋势,壮医药线点灸疗法仍是目前研究热点.有较稳定的研究团队,但团队间合作不足,今后应加强团队间合作,加强跨区域多研究团队合作,促进壮医药线点灸疗法的推广.

《经络腧穴学》是一门汇集了经络腧穴学和刺法灸法学的专业课程,也是针灸推拿学专业的基础课程.本门课作为本学院开展课程思政教学的一次试水点,初步对这门课的课程思政建设进行探讨,本文对这门课的课程思政建设情况进行介绍并试做总结.

鉴于针刺疗法在哮喘急性发作期的重要作用,文章从体针、电针、水针、浮针、火针、飞针、眼针等疗法总结了近二十年来针刺治疗哮喘急性发作期的临床及实验研究进展,指出针刺疗法治疗哮喘急性发作期具有多样、安全、快捷、高效等特点,同时指出针刺疗法存在作用机理研究不足、腧穴配伍规律不一、远期疗效追踪不足及小儿病例少等缺点,并提出相应的解决措施.

针灸学课程具有内容多,课时少等特点,学生普遍反映教材内容繁杂,难于理解和记忆,再加上当代中医类专业大学生的学习存在学习动力不足、目标不明确等问题,如何在有限的课堂教学中提高学生的学习兴趣和效率,充分调动学生的积极性和创造性,培养学生的中医思维模式及解决临床问题的能力,是针灸学教学的关键环节.本文对针灸学课程教学方法做初步探讨,以期为针灸学的课程教学提供参考.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of moxa-cone moxibustion at "Feishu" (BL13) and "Zhongfu" (LU1) on the contents of related inflammatory factors in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and the expression of phosphatidy-linositol-3-kinase (PI3K), retinoic acid related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) and fork/wing helix transcription factor 3 (Foxp3) in lung tissue in asthma mice. METHODS Sixty male Balb/c mice were divided into normal, model, LY294002 (an inhibitor of PI3K, LY), electroacupuncture (EA) and moxa-cone moxibustion (moxibustion) groups (n=12 in each group). The asthma model was established by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin sensitization. The mice in the LY group were injected with LY 294002 (7.5 mg/kg) via the tail vein. EA or moxa-cone moxibustion was applied at BL13 and LU1 in the EA or moxibustion group once daily for 2 weeks. The levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in serum and BALF were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expressions of PI3K, RORγt and Foxp3 in lung tissue were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QRT PCR) and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Compared with the normal group, the levels of IgE and IL-4 in serum and BALF, the expressions of PI3K and RORγt mRNA and protein in lung tissue were significantly increased (P<0.01), while the levels of IFN-γ, and the expressions of Foxp3 mRNA and protein were significantly reduced (P<0.01) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the levels of IgE and IL-4 in serum and BALF, the expressions of PI3K and RORγt mRNA and protein in lung tissue were significantly decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05), and the levels of IFN-γ in serum and BALF, the expressions of Foxp3 mRNA and protein in lung tissue were significantly increased (P<0.01) in the LY, EA and moxibustion groups. CONCLUSION Moxa cone moxibustion at Shu- and Mu-acupoints of the lung meridian can reduce airway inflammatory reaction and control asthma attacks in asthma mice, which is closely related to its effects in regulating the expressions of RORγt and Foxp3 through PI3K signaling pathway.

定喘穴,又名喘息,属经外奇穴,在第7颈椎棘突下旁开0.5寸处,具有宣肺平喘的作用,是治疗哮喘的经验穴.《常用新医疗法手册》载"定喘,取法:大椎穴旁开五分.主治:哮喘、支气管炎、上肢瘫痪.针法:直刺一寸许."天突穴,别名玉户,属任脉腧穴,位于胸骨上窝中央,具有宣肺宽胸、下气平喘的作用.《灵光赋》载"天突宛中治喘痰",《针灸甲乙经》载"本穴具有调节气机,疏通气血之功".定喘、天突穴均具有平喘的功效,故临床上常用于各类哮喘疾病的治疗,本文就二穴平喘作用的临床及实验研究综述如下.

孔最为肺经郄穴,郄穴是经脉在四肢部经气深聚的部位,具有治疗本经循行部位及所属脏腑急性病症的作用.孔最穴具有较强的通窍平喘、清热利咽、凉血止血的作用[1],对缓解因外感六淫及七情内伤等病因所致肺气壅盛产生的咳嗽、气喘等症状有明显的疗效.鱼际为肺经荥穴,根据"经络所过,主治所及"之义,具有疏通肺经经气宣泄肺部实邪的作用.临床上常选孔最或鱼际穴治疗急性发作期哮喘,作用迅速,效果显著,本文将孔最和鱼际穴平喘的作用及机制研究概况综述如下.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of moxa-cone moxibustion at lung's back-shu points and front-mu points on the expression of helper T lymphocyte 17 (Th 17)/regulatory T lymphocyte (Treg) in mice with asthma, and to explore the possible mechanism of moxa-cone moxibustion on asthma. METHODS:Sixty SPF-grade healthy male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, an LY294002 group (LY group), an electroacupuncture (EA) group and a moxibustion group, 12 mice in each group. Asthma model was replicated by using ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization. Except the mice in the normal group, all the mice were intraperitoneally injected with sensitization solution (containing 15 μg of OVA and 30 mg of aluminum hydroxide) on the 1st day, 7th day and 14th day, 0.5 mL per mice; from the 15th day, 1% OVA solution was atomized for 20 min, once a day for 2 weeks; the mice in the normal group was treated with identical operations but with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The mice in the LY group were treated with injection of LY294002 at tail vein on the 13th day, 14th day and 15th day. At the beginning of the 15th day, The mice in the EA group were treated with EA at "Feishu" (BL 13) and "Zhongfu" (LU 1) with disperse-dense wave, frequency of 2 Hz/20 Hz, intensity of 1 mA, 15 min each time, once a day for 2 weeks. The mice in the moxibustion group was treated with moxa-cone moxibustion at "Feishu" (BL 13) and "Zhongfu" (LU 1) from the 15th day, three moxa-cones per acupoint, once a day for 2 weeks. On the 16th day, 18th day and 22nd day, the incubation period of asthma was recorded. On the 29th day, all the samples were collected. The expressions of IL-17 and IL-10 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected by ELISA method. The pathological changes of lung tissue were observed by HE staining. The percentage of Th17, Treg and Th17/Treg ratio in spleen tissue were detected by flow cytometry method. RESULTS:Compared with the normal group, the incubation period of asthma in the model group was significantly shortened (P<0.01), while that in the LY group, the EA group and the moxibustion group was longer than that in the model group (P<0.01). After the intervention, bleeding and inflammatory exudation in the lung tissue were observed in the model group, and a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration around the bronchus and alveoli was found, and extensive consolidation appeared; the pathological changes of lung tissue in the LY group, the EA group and the moxibustion group were significantly reduced, and the structure of bronchus and alveoli was basically normal, and the inflammatory exudation and inflammatory cell infiltration were significantly reduced compared with the model group; the inflammatory reaction in the moxibustion group was slightly less than that in the LY group and the EA group. Compared with the normal group, the content of IL-17 in serum and BALF, the percentage of Th17 and Th17/Treg ratio in spleen tissue in the model group after intervention were increased (P<0.01), while the content of IL-10 in serum and BALF and the percentage of Treg in spleen tissue were decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the contents of IL-17 in serum and BALF, Th17 percentage and Th17/Treg ratio in spleen tissue in the LY group, the EA group and the moxibustion group were significantly reduced (P<0.01, P<0.05), while the content of IL-10 in serum and BALF and the percentage of Treg in spleen tissue were increased (P<0.01, P<0.05). The above indice had no significant difference among all the intervention groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION:The Th17/Treg is imbalanced in asthmatic body. The moxibustion at lung's back-shu points and front-mu points can control asthma by regulating Th17/Treg imbalance and restoring immune homeostasis.

目的:评价慢鼻舒滴鼻液及其穴位贴膏治疗慢性鼻炎的临床疗效及安全性.方法:25例慢性鼻炎患者,其中,单纯性鼻炎5例、过敏性鼻炎15例、鼻窦炎5例,所有患者均给予慢鼻舒穴位贴膏和滴鼻液配合使用,穴位贴膏每周2次;滴鼻液每日3次、每侧1～2滴/次,疗程3周.采用积分法进行治疗前后症状统计.结果:治疗后,三组临床有效率均为100.0％,症状综合积分均显著降低(P＜0.05).实验过程中仅有2例出现对贴纸的过敏反应,但更换贴纸后反应消失.结论:慢鼻舒穴位贴膏及滴鼻液治疗慢性鼻炎疗效确切,具有用药安全、取材简便、无激素等优点,值得临床推广使用.

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十二经筋是十二经络的重要组成部分,经筋疗法治疗在许多特定的疾病中都取得较好的效果,该文检索近10年来有关经筋疗法在临床的应用,展现经筋疗法应用于临床的主要疾病及其治疗效果,分析经筋疗法在各病种的主要治疗方法及其优势,以期能更好地将经筋疗法向临床推广.