为寻找替代鱼粉的动物源性蛋白质资源,采用不同C/N比猪粪腐熟的堆料养殖蚯蚓并加工成蚯蚓粉,检测蚯蚓粉的营养成分,与鱼粉的营养成分分析对比,并对其作为家禽蛋白饲料进行安全性评价.结果表明:蚯蚓粉的粗蛋白含量为62.33％ ～65.93％,氨基酸含量为54.2％～62.91％,必需氨基酸与总氨基酸的比值为55.48％～59.75％;蚯蚓粉中4种重金属(铜、铁、锌和总砷)、2种毒素(黄曲霉毒素B1和玉米赤霉烯酮)和3种抗生素(青霉素钠、阿莫西林和恩诺沙星)含量均符合饲料卫生标准.研究结果提示蚯蚓粉是可替代鱼粉的高蛋白动物性原料.

The effects of different processing technologies on the earthworm powder quality and pepsin digestibility were studied.Under the same light intensity but different temperature,the influence of temperature and time on the earthworm ex-cretion was studied.After the earthworm excreted,the earthworm was dried up and milled.With the nutrient composition and pepsin digestibility of earthworm powder as the evaluation indexes,the technological conditions were optimized by the way of sensory evaluation.The results showed that the earthworm had the highest excretion rate and didn't die at the temperature of 25-30℃;the content of crude protein,animo acid and pepsin digestibility in Group B were higher than that of the other groups(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the appearance,quality and odor between group A1 and group B (P>0.05), but the difference was significant compared with other groups (P <0.05).The technological process of Group B can better er-sure the nutritional value,pepsin digestibility,appearance quality and odor.

为了解决畜禽粪便污染问题,试验首先在猪粪中和小麦秸秆中添加不同剂量枯草芽孢杆菌进行堆肥,初步探索堆肥最佳添加量;其次对不同碳氮比组合的猪粪与秸秆进行堆肥,寻求堆肥腐熟最佳碳氮比;最后将堆肥作为蚯蚓饵料用于蚯蚓养殖,根据蚯蚓的综合生长情况分析最适合蚯蚓养殖的猪粪与小麦秸秆碳氮比.结果表明:堆肥处理中,最佳枯草芽孢杆菌添加量为1.0％;适合猪粪与秸秆堆肥腐熟组为B组(初始碳氮比为25)和C组(初始碳氮比为30);初始碳氮比为30时堆肥腐熟后养殖蚯蚓效果最佳.

为了研究兔脑炎原虫(EC)性脑肉芽肿的病理学发生及形态特点,通过特殊染色、TUNEL染色、anti-GFAP染色和anti-NGF染色对26只病兔和10只健康对照兔的脑组织进行了详细地观察与分析.结果显示,EC能侵入血管内皮细胞引起血管损伤,可被单核细胞吞噬但不被消灭,并随之进入脑组织,导致大量星状胶质细胞增生,包围脑炎原虫集落或带虫的巨噬细胞,从而形成肉芽肿.EC性肉芽肿主要有3种形态,即细胞性肉芽肿、增生性肉芽肿和坏死性肉芽肿.构成脑肉芽肿的主要细胞为上皮样细胞、小胶质细胞、星状胶质细胞及内皮细胞,而淋巴细胞较少.结论,EC可侵入血管内皮破坏血脑屏障或随单核细胞的浸润而进入脑组织;脑肉芽肿的形成限制了EC的扩散;3种形态的脑肉芽肿实际上是一个病理过程的不同发展阶段.

Pathological changes of rabbit with encephalitozoonosis and secondary suppurative meningoenceph?alitis were reported in this article. Rabbit with encephalitozoonosis was infected by staphlococcus very easily and happened suppurative meningoencephalitis because of low resistance of its brain tissues. At the time, the pyogenic changes were not obvious in organs and tissues. Clinically, sick rabbit presented acute pyoseptice?mia and the condition deteriorated quickly. Histopathologically, there werea lot of neutrophils within cerebral pia mater, choroid plexus and encephalocoele. The great mass of neutrophils had occurred the degeneration and necrosis forming pyocyte. In addition, there was an abscess in brain tissue and purulent thrombus or em?bolus showed in arteriole.

由兔脑炎原虫引起的歪头、斜颈和平衡障碍等神经症状,在临床上易与兔耳螨病和兔巴氏杆菌性中耳炎相混淆.本文通过对3种疾病的共同症状分析、病原形态学、临床症状和病理解剖学的鉴别建立了正确的诊断,并提供了治疗3种疾病的方法.

益生菌发酵饲料是一种具有营养价值高,易吸收消化,且具有抗生素替代潜力等优点的新型饲料.文章在国内外已有的研究基础上,就益生菌菌种的选择、益生菌发酵饲料的主要优势、在畜禽生产中的应用研究进行了介绍,并对今后的益生菌发酵饲料研究方向进行了展望.

In order to identify the benign or malignant tumor of the congentital melanoma in piglet,2piglets with congentital melanoma were observed by means of the clinical and pathological observation,conventional staining,special staining and removal melanin method.When two piglets were born,their melanoma was found.The tumors were getting bigger with the growth of piglets.The tumors showed hemispherical protuberance on the skin.There were ulceration,bleeding and scab on the surface of tumors.Histopathologically,the melanoma possessed benign tumor characters,for example,the tumors had a complete connective tissue capsule in its outside,there were irregular leaflets in tumor tissue and more lymphocytes and mononuclear cells infiltrated in mesenchyme.But the melanoma also had malignant tumor characters,for example,the oncocytes were polymorphic,such as rotundity,fusiform and star-like,the growth pattern of tumor tissue also had diversity,such as swirly,cord-like,nodositas,cribriform and so on,the polarity of the tumor cells arrangement was in disorder,the oncocyte also could infiltrate to mesenchyme.In addition,the tumor also caused the dermatauxe,hyperplasia of sweat gland cell and atrophy of hair follicle.This research proved that the congentital melanoma in piglet originated from epidermis of skin.Although the congentital melanoma in piglet is a benign tumor,it is easily to becom malignant tumor.Because the oncocytes have the characters of malignant tumor cells,the oncocytes have polymorphism and the polarity of its arrangement is disorder.

兔脑炎原虫病又叫微孢子虫病(Microsporidiosis)或脑炎微孢子虫病,是由兔脑炎原虫引起的人畜共患寄生虫病.其病原是一些专性寄生于细胞内的真核原生动物,广泛寄生于包括人在内的大量脊椎动物和无脊椎动物体内.其中兔脑炎原虫发现于1917年,是研究最早的哺乳动物中典型的微孢子寄生虫也是使兔自然感染的唯一微孢子虫.

To identify the morphological structure and incidence relationship in multiple mixed mastadenoma of dogs,two tumor cases were observed and analyzed pathologically in detail by special staining.The results revealed that in the tissues of multiple mixed mastadenoma,except for simple mastoncus structure,there were the structures of papilloma and cystadenoma,there were a mass of hyperplastic connective tissues in tumor mesenchyme,formed cord-like collagenous fiber and cartilaginous tissue by the metaplasia.Breast cancer-like block masses were examined in tumor tissue when the epithelia of breast tumor were rapidly growing.In conclusion,multiple mixed mastadenoma might be secondary onset from simple mastadenoma and was an aggravating manifestation.Its cartilaginous tissue came from the metaplasia of connective tissue.Multiple mixed mastadenoma was apt to malignant transformation because there were a lot of continuous proliferative cells and the breast cancer-like tissue masses were found in its tissues.