截至10月10日,黑龙江省已收获水稻、大豆、玉米等农作物超1.23亿亩,占应收面积50％以上,秋整地面积近2 000万亩. 黑龙江省统筹推进疫情防控和秋收生产,压实秋收生产责任,科学安排收获顺序,统筹抓好秋季整地,组织科学晾晒保管,搞好产销精准对接,使秋收工作有序进行,实现了适时抢收快收、应收尽收.
记者23日从中国国家粮食和物资储备局获悉,目前,中国粮库储粮损失基本消除,粮食储藏周期内综合损耗率控制在1％以内. 22日晚在山东滨州召开的全国粮食产后节约减损工作现场推进会新闻通气会上,国家粮食和物资储备局安全仓储与科技司司长周冠华介绍了中国粮食产后节约减损工作有关情况.
In order to improve the efficiency and quality of screw extrusion of small diameter puffed particles,the POLY-FLOW software was used to simulate the isothermal flow field of the screw extrusion process with a diameter of 0.4 mm die hole.The effects of factors such as pre die pressure and transition angle of the die hole on the melt flow field inside the mold hole were analyzed.The research results indicated that as the pressure on the material before entering the die increases,the flow rate and shear rate of the material melt in the die hole increased,the viscosity decreased,and the yield increased.Under different transition cone hole angles,the flow state of the melt in the die hole had little difference,and the trend of changes in various physical quantities slowed down with the decrease of cone hole angle,which was conducive to the uniform extrusion of the mate-rial.In actual production,the production efficiency and quality of small size expanded particles could be improved to some extent by increasing the pressure before the die and using the extrusion template with small angle of cone hole.
Microbial solid fermentation is difficult to dissipate heat,difficult to control anaerobic,poor product stability and other problems,and the synergistic mechanism between different probiotic strains is not clear,the study aims to find the best compatibility between different probiotic strains and its fermentation process parameters,and develop a functional biological fer-mented feed for female piglets through animal experiments.In this study,a single factor experimental design was used to opti-mize the fermentation parameters(inoculation amount,moisture,fermentation temperature and fermentation time)of 3 strains of excellent probiotics,namely Subtilis sphaerae(BS-PCA),Lactobacillus plantarum KA and Lactobacillus plantarum KC,which were screened in the laboratory in the previous stage,and the solid-state fermentation biological feed was applied to the feed of lactating sows and weaning piglets.The effect on growth performance was measured.The experimental results showed that the optimal fermentation process of feed raw materials was 5.0％inoculation amount,40％fermentation water,30～35℃,3 days of fermentation.After 3 days of fermentation,pH value decreased from 5.51 to 4.21,crude protein content increased from 25.12％to 26.11％,acid-soluble protein content increased from 4.81％to 5.89％.The animal test results showed that compared with the control group,the fermented feed group could significantly increase the weaning litter weight and weaning gain(P＜0.05),and significantly increase the average daily feed intake of sows(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,fermented feed group could significantly increase the daily gain of piglets,reduce the ratio of feed to meat(P＜0.05),improve the survival rate of piglets,and significantly reduce the diarrhea rate of piglets(P＜0.05).In this experiment,a safe,efficient and stable func-tional biological fermented feed for female piglets was developed by using high efficiency breathing bag microbial fermentation technology.
Food attractant is a feed additive commonly used in animal feed,with the aim of improving feed palatability,thereby increasing animal feed intake and improving production performance.Most of the research on food attractants and feed additives both domestically and internationally focuses on pigs and aquatic animals.There is relatively little research on the application of food attractants and feed additives in ruminant production.Therefore,this article briefly elaborates on the types and physico-chemical characteristics of food attractants,and preliminarily summarizes their application as feed additives in the production of ruminants,providing theoretical reference for practitioners.
Facing the current impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict,the sensitive nerves of the global food market have once again been stimulated,and the probability of food supply disruptions and market disorder has further increased in the world.Fa-cing possible"Breakpoints",potential"Shock points"and internal"Pressure points"in the global food supply.It is necessary to explore the direct and indirect,long-term and short-term impacts of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on the global food market under the new situation,especially analyze the limited direct impact,controllable indirect impact and the long-term warning to the food security of our country.In order to ensure China's food security under the new situation,we should construct a stable and relia-ble grain supply system in China,and improve the policy strategy,resource integration,risk early-warning and the response mechanism of the stability of overseas grain sources.And further improve the self-sufficient capacity of food production,con-struct overseas food source basement,deal with the key relationship of the short-term adjustment,long-term strategy,self-ori-ented,the opening to the world,science innovation,and so on.
Millet ancient called"the first of all grains",now as the"first of coarse grain".It has a long history of planting and eating in China,and has made an important contribution to the reproduction of the Chinese nation.Millet is rich in balanced nu-trients,not only rich in carbohydrates,protein,fats,vitamins and minerals,but also contains polyphenols,plant sterols,γ-oryza-nol and other functional components,so it has antioxidant,regulating glucose and lipid metabolism,antibacterial and a sedative effect on the human body.The structure of brown millet and its nutritional value are briefly introduced,the functional active in-gredients of brown millet and their efficacy are reviewed aiming to improve the application value of millet and provide a theoreti-cal basis for the development and utilization of agricultural and by-products in China.
In order to better ensure food safety and prevent merchants from selling substandard rice as high-quality rice,an in-telligent rice identification method based on headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was proposed with Wuyou rice 4 as the research object.The fingerprint information of volatile components was screened by adding 0-50％other varieties of rice in different proportions to Wuyou rice 4,and 56 common volatile components were detected.Then,18 characteristic volatile components were extracted by principal component analysis,and the standard fingerprint of Wuyoudao 4 was established.Finally,the similarity value between other varieties of rice and the standard fingerprint of Wuy-oudao 4 was calculated by using the chromatographic fingerprint,and a linear fitting equation was constructed to realize the in-telligent identification of different varieties of rice in a certain proportion range.The results showed that the proposed method could identify other varieties of rice mixed with different proportions of Wuyou rice 4 to a certain extent.Among them,Longdao 18,Sanjiang 6,Qijing 11,and Suijing 18,which were mixed with 5％-45％,5-25％,0-30％and 40％-50％respectively,had good identification effects.
In order to further accelerate the intelligent level of rice processing,a visual recognition method based on image processing and BP algorithm was proposed by combining image processing technology and intelligent algorithm.Among them,image graying,image denoising and image segmentation were used to improve the accuracy of later recognition;Then BP neural network was used to recognize the images of perfect rice,chalky rice,yellow rice and broken rice;Finally,the model was verified with test set images.The results showed that the recognition accuracy of this method was more than 90％,and the recognition time was 2-3 s.This showed that the visual design scheme was feasible.
In order to avoid the hidden dangers caused by the decrease of taste,the decrease of rice yield or the shortening of storage time caused by the high temperature rise of rice in the process of rice processing,through the research of key technolo-gies in the whole process of rice processing such as drying,storage,milling and packaging,the complete set of technologies for processing high-quality cold fresh rice are developed to effectively reduce the temperature rise of rice in the process of high-qual-ity cold fresh rice processing.Avoid the resulting decline in product quality and quantity loss,and more efficiently preserve product nutrition.
In this study,the contents of 22 elements in 18 millets were determined by Microwave Digestion-Inductively Cou-pled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS).The samples were determined in the collision reaction cell(KED)mode by micro-wave digestion method.The 22 elements in 18 batches of millet were analyzed by dimension reduction factor analysis method.The 22 variables were reduced to 9 variables,and their edible value was objectively evaluated.The correlation coefficients of the linear regression equations of the 22 elements were all above 0.998,the detection limit(LOD)was 0.001 1-14.10 μg/L,the relative standard deviation was 0.3％-9.9％,and the spiked recoveries were 82.20％-112.92％.The results showed that mil-let was a typical food with high potassium and low sodium,and its high content of elements and main components were benefi-cial to regulating blood pressure and protecting cardiovascular system.
Uv spectrophotometer,laser particle size meter,zeta potentiometer and fluorescence spectrophotometer were used to investigate the complexes properties of the soybean protein isolate and γ-polyglutamic acid during the spray-drying.The properties of these complexes were studied by measuring turbidity,particle size distribution,zeta-potential and surface hydro-phobicity of soybean protein isolate.The results showed that the atomization dissociated the complex,the turbidity decreased significantly and the particle size decreased significantly when the concentration ratio of SPI to γ-PGA was 5∶6.Heating resul-ted in the aggregation of excessive soy protein isolate molecules when the concentration ratio of SPI to γ-PGA was 10∶1.Heat-ing resulted in the aggregation of the complexes in the concentration ratio of SPI to γ-PGA 3∶1.Heating resulted in the disso-ciation of the complexes in the concentration ratio of SPI to γ-PGA 5∶6.When the concentration ratio of SPI to γ-PGA was 5∶6,the complex was separated into smaller particle size due to shear force and thermomechanical stress,and the absolute value of Zeta-potential of the complex increased significantly,and the surface hydrophobicity increased,which had an effective protec-tive effect on proteins.
近日国家林草局发布最统计数据显示,森林食物已成为继粮食、蔬菜之后,我国第三大农作物.全国森林食物年产量超过2亿t,人均森林食物产量约130 kg,居世界前列.许多人印象中"风林露壑,伐木丁丁"之处,已然成为物产丰富、环境优美的"绿色粮仓". 森林食物分为经济林、林下经济产品、间接性食品三大类.其中既有我们熟悉的林粮、林菌、林果、林菜,也包括在森林中养殖的特色动物产品,如远近闻名的清远麻鸡、吴川三黄鸡、高州肉牛、从化荔枝蜜等,还包括部分可替代饲料油料的作物.
Acetylated distarch phosphate(ADSP)was prepared by mechanical activation solid phase method and character-ized.The effects of mechanical activation time,acetic anhydride dosage,crosslinker dosage,mechanical activation temperature and ball milling speed on the viscosity of cold paste were studied with cold paste viscosity as the evaluation index.The results showed that:when the amount of absolute dry starch was fixed,the amount of acetic anhydride was 5％,the amount of sodium trimetaphosphate was 2％,the mechanical activation time was 60 min,the milling temperature was 40 C,and the milling speed was 100 r/min,the highest ADSP cold paste viscosity of 27 000 mPa·s was obtained..XRD,SEM and FT-IR analysis showed that the crystallization structure of starch was not changed by crosslinking esterification,but was destroyed by mechanical acti-vation.Mechanical activation changed the shape of starch particles,and crosslinking esterification changed the surface morpholo-gy of starch particles.The starch was esterified successfully,but the stretching vibration absorption peak could not be deter-mined due to the low degree of cross-linking.The prepared ADSP was used for fish ball application test,the results of the whole texture analysis showed that ADSP could improve the hardness and chewability of the fish balls,and improve the cohesion of the fish balls,which was helpful to improve the taste quality and compression resistance of the fish balls.
Under the context of global warming,extreme weather and climate events occur frequently,and natural disasters such as high temperature,rainstorm,flood and earthquake are prone to occur,which adversely affects grain security.The con-struction of disaster prevention and reduction emergency system is expounded from seven aspects by analyzing the harm of sev-eral natural disasters to personnel,grain,facilities and equipment of grain storage enterprises,and relevant work suggestion was put forward for grain storage enterprises to learn.
In order to study the effects of silage Canna edulis on the growth performance and economic benefits of beef cattle,silage Canna edulis was fed to beef cattle,the experimental group was added with silage Canna edulis and the control group was not added,and the experiment period was 90 days.The body size and weight of cattle were measured before and after the experiment,the feed intake was recorded,and the average daily gain and feed to gain ratio were calculated.The results showed that the final weight,average daily gain,body oblique length,chest circumference and abdominal circumference of the silage Canna edulis group were significantly higher than those of the control group,and the feed to gain ratio was significantly lower than that of the control group.The results showed that adding silage Canna edulis to beef cattle could increase average daily gain,reduce feed to gain ratio,improve growth performance,reduce feeding cost and improve economic benefits.
A rapid detection technique for 8 pesticide residues in rice was studied based on ultra high performance liquid chro-matography tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).The specific process flow of this detection method was as follows:added water to wet rice samples,extracted and diluted with acetonitrile and QuEChERS extraction salt package,purified and separated with PSA/C18 purification tube,and then detected with electronic spray positive ion(ESI)source and DMRM positive ion scanning mode.The results showed that there was a good linear relationship between the 8 pesticide residues in rice within the range of 0.1-20 ng/mL,with a correlation coefficient of 0.9994 or above.The spiked recovery rate was 89.5％-115.8％,and the relative standard deviation was 1.2％-6.9％.The limit of quantification for 7 pesticides was 1 μg/kg,and the limit of quantification for 1 pesticide was 2 μg/kg.Meanwhile,the detection limit of these 8 pesticides did not exceed 0.4 μg/kg.This detection method is simple,convenient,low-cost,with good accuracy and precision,and meets the relevant standards in GB 2763-2021,and can be used for daily pesticide residue detection in rice.
Puffing technology can improve the physical characteristics and flavor quality of agricultural products,which is im-portant to its processing.This technique can generate a large of heterocyclic volatiles,and they serve as crucial molecular foun-dations for the toasted and sweet aroma of puffed foods.These compounds possess low odor threshold and diverse aroma prop-erties.However,heterocyclic aroma components are not easy to be detected due to their low content,variety and similar struc-ture,so they lack attention in food aroma research.This article provides an overview on the heterocyclic aroma compounds of the puffed food and elucidates the detection and formation mechanism of these compounds.It aims to provide a theoretical founda-tion for the study of puffed food.
食品安全作为关乎国计民生的重要问题,影响到人民的身体健康和生命安全.如何快速高效地处理食品安全事件,成为食品安全监管部门一直关注的问题.对食品安全快速检测在食品常见非法添加快速检测、食物中毒与应急保障项目快速检测等方面的应用进行了综述,并展望了其在食品安全保障中的发展前景,以期为该技术在食品安全监管与检测中更广阔的应用提供参考.
通过对两种不同基质的饲料及饲料添加剂样品进行沙门氏菌阳性加标,并进行人员比对、动物性饲料原料的测定比对实验.实验结果表明,含有沙门氏菌的不同基质样品均被检出沙门氏菌,动物性饲料原料的测定比对实验结果合理.证实了该方法适用于饲料及饲料添加剂中沙门氏菌的检测,该方法验证可为后续产品检验提供重要技术保障,可供其他检验机构微生物研究及扩项提供有效参考.
